diff --git a/etc/caseDicts/postProcessing/fields/ObukhovLength b/etc/caseDicts/postProcessing/fields/ObukhovLength
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c105f6bc447054b94192f1648f504ae22d8244b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/etc/caseDicts/postProcessing/fields/ObukhovLength
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration | Version: v1912
+ \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Description
+ Computes the Obukhov length field and associated friction velocity field.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+type ObukhovLength;
+libs (fieldFunctionObjects);
+
+U <fieldName>;
+kappa 0.4;
+beta 3e-3;
+
+executeControl writeTime;
+writeControl writeTime;
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/Make/files b/src/atmosphericModels/Make/files
index 887e1e60596c2febb73f3cce83da8d626289c7fd..b68f5c7b7ec9bd3d2cbb5d6751b84481d398157a 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/Make/files
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/Make/files
@@ -1,22 +1,41 @@
/* Models */
-
atmosphericTurbulentTransportModels.C
porosityModels/powerLawLopesdaCosta/powerLawLopesdaCosta.C
/* Boundary conditions */
-
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C
-derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+derivedFvPatchFields/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.C
/* Wall function BCs */
+wallFunctions = derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions
+
+$(wallFunctions)/atmAlphatkWallFunction/atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+$(wallFunctions)/atmEpsilonWallFunction/atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+$(wallFunctions)/atmNutkWallFunction/atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+$(wallFunctions)/atmNutUWallFunction/atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+$(wallFunctions)/atmNutWallFunction/atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+$(wallFunctions)/atmOmegaWallFunction/atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
/* fvOptions */
+fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSource.C
+fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSource.C
+fvOptions/atmCoriolisUSource/atmCoriolisUSource.C
+fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSource.C
+fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.C
+fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyUSource/atmPlantCanopyUSource.C
+fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTSource/atmPlantCanopyTSource.C
+fvOptions/atmNutSource/atmNutSource.C
+
+
+/* functionObjects */
+functionObjects/ObukhovLength/ObukhovLength.C
+
LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libatmosphericModels
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/Make/options b/src/atmosphericModels/Make/options
index 644c9096216a5077154d890f4e58e9baff92fa99..d2af502b1a05d1f68710f13284c2247eb8283f05 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/Make/options
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/Make/options
@@ -2,10 +2,15 @@ EXE_INC = \
-I$(LIB_SRC)/finiteVolume/lnInclude \
-I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
-I$(LIB_SRC)/surfMesh/lnInclude \
+ -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
+ -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/compressible/lnInclude \
+ -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
+ -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/basic/lnInclude \
+ -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/specie/lnInclude \
+ -I$(LIB_SRC)/thermophysicalModels/solidThermo/lnInclude \
-I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/turbulenceModels/lnInclude \
+ -I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/compressible/lnInclude \
-I$(LIB_SRC)/TurbulenceModels/incompressible/lnInclude \
- -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels \
- -I$(LIB_SRC)/transportModels/incompressible/singlePhaseTransportModel \
-I$(LIB_SRC)/fvOptions/lnInclude
LIB_LIBS = \
@@ -13,6 +18,8 @@ LIB_LIBS = \
-lfvOptions \
-lmeshTools \
-lsurfMesh \
+ -lfluidThermophysicalModels \
+ -lsolidThermo \
-lturbulenceModels \
-lincompressibleTurbulenceModels \
- -lincompressibleTransportModels
+ -lcompressibleTurbulenceModels
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f2729a0a72beb3fc713544e91435f6a22304d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "turbulenceModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+const Foam::Enum
+<
+ Foam::atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::heatSourceType
+>
+Foam::atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::heatSourceTypeNames
+({
+ { heatSourceType::POWER , "power" },
+ { heatSourceType::FLUX , "flux" }
+});
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+ heatSource_(heatSourceType::POWER),
+ alphaEffName_("undefinedAlphaEff"),
+ Cp0_(db().time(), "Cp0"),
+ q_(nullptr)
+{}
+
+
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
+)
+:
+ fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField(ptf, p, iF, mapper),
+ heatSource_(ptf.heatSource_),
+ alphaEffName_(ptf.alphaEffName_),
+ Cp0_(ptf.Cp0_),
+ q_(ptf.q_.clone(p.patch()))
+{}
+
+
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+ fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+ heatSource_
+ (
+ heatSourceTypeNames.getOrDefault
+ (
+ "heatSource",
+ dict,
+ heatSourceType::POWER
+ )
+ ),
+ alphaEffName_(dict.get<word>("alphaEff")),
+ Cp0_(TimeFunction1<scalar>(db().time(), "Cp0", dict)),
+ q_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(p.patch(), "q", dict))
+{
+ if (dict.found("value") && dict.found("gradient"))
+ {
+ fvPatchField<scalar>::operator =
+ (
+ Field<scalar>("value", dict, p.size())
+ );
+ gradient() = Field<scalar>("gradient", dict, p.size());
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fvPatchField<scalar>::operator=(patchInternalField());
+ gradient() = 0.0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField& atmpsf
+)
+:
+ fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField(atmpsf),
+ heatSource_(atmpsf.heatSource_),
+ alphaEffName_(atmpsf.alphaEffName_),
+ Cp0_(atmpsf.Cp0_),
+ q_(atmpsf.q_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
+atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField& atmpsf,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField(atmpsf, iF),
+ heatSource_(atmpsf.heatSource_),
+ alphaEffName_(atmpsf.alphaEffName_),
+ Cp0_(atmpsf.Cp0_),
+ q_(atmpsf.q_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
+(
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
+)
+{
+ scalarField::autoMap(m);
+ q_->autoMap(m);
+}
+
+
+void atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::rmap
+(
+ const fvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const labelList& addr
+)
+{
+ fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField::rmap(ptf, addr);
+
+ const atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField& atmptf =
+ refCast<const atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
+
+ q_->rmap(atmptf.q_(), addr);
+}
+
+
+void atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()
+{
+ if (updated())
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ const scalarField& alphaEffp =
+ patch().lookupPatchField<volScalarField, scalar>(alphaEffName_);
+
+ const scalar t = db().time().timeOutputValue();
+ const scalar Cp0 = Cp0_.value(t);
+
+ if (Cp0 < SMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Cp0 = " << Cp0 << " must be positive."
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+
+ const scalarField q(q_->value(t));
+
+ switch (heatSource_)
+ {
+ case heatSourceType::POWER:
+ {
+ const scalar Ap = gSum(patch().magSf());
+ gradient() = q/(Ap*Cp0*alphaEffp + SMALL);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case heatSourceType::FLUX:
+ {
+ gradient() = q/(Cp0*alphaEffp + SMALL);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ default:
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unknown heat source type. Valid types are: "
+ << heatSourceTypeNames << nl
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+ }
+
+ fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs();
+}
+
+
+void atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
+{
+ fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField::write(os);
+ os.writeEntry("heatSource", heatSourceTypeNames[heatSource_]);
+ os.writeEntry("alphaEff", alphaEffName_);
+ Cp0_.writeData(os);
+ q_->writeData(os);
+ writeEntry("value", os);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+makePatchTypeField
+(
+ fvPatchScalarField,
+ atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+);
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2f6a645a0f4b45edd5cc9426fec00990540026e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature/atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+
+Group
+ grpAtmWallFunctions
+
+Description
+ This boundary condition provides a fixed heat constraint on temperature,
+ i.e. \c T, to specify temperature gradient. Input heat source either
+ specified in terms of an absolute power [W], or as a flux [W/m2].
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ nut | Turbulent viscosity [m2/s]
+ k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example of the boundary condition specification:
+ \verbatim
+ <patchName>
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature;
+ heatSource flux;
+ alphaEff alphaEff;
+
+ // Mandatory entries (runtime modifiable)
+ Cp0 0.001;
+ q uniform 10;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ heatSource | Heat source type | word | yes | -
+ alphaEff | Name of turbulent thermal diff. field [kg/m/s] <!--
+ --> | word | yes | -
+ Cp0 | Specific heat capacity | TimeFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ q | Heat source value | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ \endtable
+
+ Options for the \c heatSource entry:
+ \verbatim
+ power | Absolute power heat source [W]
+ flux | Flux heat source [W/m^2]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField.H \endlink
+ - \link TimeFunction1.H \endlink
+ - \link PatchFunction1.H \endlink
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarFields_H
+#define atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarFields_H
+
+#include "fvPatchFields.H"
+#include "fixedGradientFvPatchFields.H"
+#include "TimeFunction1.H"
+#include "PatchFunction1.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+:
+ public fixedGradientFvPatchScalarField
+{
+ // Private Enumerations
+
+ //- Options for the heat source input modes
+ enum heatSourceType
+ {
+ POWER, //!< "Absolute power heat source"
+ FLUX //!< "Flux heat source"
+ };
+
+ //- Names for heatSourceType
+ static const Enum<heatSourceType> heatSourceTypeNames;
+
+
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Heat source type
+ const enum heatSourceType heatSource_;
+
+ //- Name of effective thermal diffusivity field [kg/m/s]
+ word alphaEffName_;
+
+ //- Specific heat capacity [-]
+ TimeFunction1<scalar> Cp0_;
+
+ //- Heat power [W] or flux [W/m2]
+ // Divided by density, rho, if used in kinematic form
+ autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> q_;
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from patch and internal field
+ atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
+ atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const dictionary&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct by mapping given
+ //- atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField onto
+ //- a new patch
+ atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct as copy
+ atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField(*this)
+ );
+ }
+
+ //- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
+ atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
+ (
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+ ) const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ *this,
+ iF
+ )
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ // Mapping functions
+
+ //- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
+ virtual void autoMap(const fvPatchFieldMapper&);
+
+ //- Reverse map the given fvPatchField onto this fvPatchField
+ virtual void rmap
+ (
+ const fvPatchScalarField&,
+ const labelList&
+ );
+
+
+ // Evaluation functions
+
+ //- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
+ virtual void updateCoeffs();
+
+
+ // I-O
+
+ //- Write
+ virtual void write(Ostream&) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmAlphatkWallFunction/atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmAlphatkWallFunction/atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2633d9ada496874714fbd6cea86a329a9528ef48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmAlphatkWallFunction/atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "turbulenceModel.H"
+#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "wallFvPatch.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+scalar atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::tolerance_ = 0.01;
+
+label atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::maxIters_ = 10;
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::checkType()
+{
+ if (!isA<wallFvPatch>(patch()))
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Invalid wall function specification" << nl
+ << " Patch type for patch " << patch().name()
+ << " must be wall" << nl
+ << " Current patch type is " << patch().type() << nl << endl
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ fixedValueFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+ Cmu_(0.09),
+ kappa_(0.41),
+ Pr_(db().time(), "Pr"),
+ Prt_(nullptr),
+ z0_(nullptr)
+{
+ checkType();
+}
+
+
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
+)
+:
+ fixedValueFvPatchScalarField(ptf, p, iF, mapper),
+ Cmu_(ptf.Cmu_),
+ kappa_(ptf.kappa_),
+ Pr_(ptf.Pr_),
+ Prt_(ptf.Prt_.clone(p.patch())),
+ z0_(ptf.z0_.clone(p.patch()))
+{
+ checkType();
+}
+
+
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+ fixedValueFvPatchScalarField(p, iF, dict),
+ Cmu_
+ (
+ dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "Cmu",
+ 0.09,
+ scalarMinMax::ge(0)
+ )
+ ),
+ kappa_
+ (
+ dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "kappa",
+ 0.41,
+ scalarMinMax::ge(0)
+ )
+ ),
+ Pr_(TimeFunction1<scalar>(db().time(), "Pr", dict)),
+ Prt_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(p.patch(), "Prt", dict)),
+ z0_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(p.patch(), "z0", dict))
+{
+ checkType();
+}
+
+
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& wfpsf
+)
+:
+ fixedValueFvPatchScalarField(wfpsf),
+ Cmu_(wfpsf.Cmu_),
+ kappa_(wfpsf.kappa_),
+ Pr_(wfpsf.Pr_),
+ Prt_(wfpsf.Prt_.clone(this->patch().patch())),
+ z0_(wfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{
+ checkType();
+}
+
+
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& wfpsf,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ fixedValueFvPatchScalarField(wfpsf, iF),
+ Cmu_(wfpsf.Cmu_),
+ kappa_(wfpsf.kappa_),
+ Pr_(wfpsf.Pr_),
+ Prt_(wfpsf.Prt_.clone(this->patch().patch())),
+ z0_(wfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{
+ checkType();
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()
+{
+ if (updated())
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ const label patchi = patch().index();
+
+ // Retrieve turbulence properties from model
+ const turbulenceModel& turbModel = db().lookupObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ IOobject::groupName
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+ internalField().group()
+ )
+ );
+
+ const scalarField& y = turbModel.y()[patchi];
+
+ const tmp<scalarField> tnuw = turbModel.nu(patchi);
+ const scalarField& nuw = tnuw();
+
+ const tmp<volScalarField> tk = turbModel.k();
+ const volScalarField& k = tk();
+
+ const scalar Cmu25 = pow025(Cmu_);
+
+ const scalar t = db().time().timeOutputValue();
+ const scalar Pr = Pr_.value(t);
+
+ #ifdef FULLDEBUG
+ if (Pr < VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Pr cannot be negative or zero. "
+ << "Please check input Pr = " << Pr
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+ #endif
+
+ const scalarField Prt(Prt_->value(t));
+ const scalarField z0(z0_->value(t));
+
+ #ifdef FULLDEBUG
+ forAll(Prt, i)
+ {
+ if (Prt[i] < VSMALL || z0[i] < VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Elements of input surface fields can only be positive. "
+ << "Please check input fields z0 and Prt."
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+ }
+ #endif
+
+ const labelUList& faceCells = patch().faceCells();
+
+ scalarField& alphatw = *this;
+
+ forAll(alphatw, facei)
+ {
+ const label celli = faceCells[facei];
+
+ const scalar uStar = Cmu25*Foam::sqrt(k[celli]);
+ const scalar Edash = (y[facei] + z0[facei])/(z0[facei] + 1e-4);
+
+ // Update turbulent thermal conductivity
+ alphatw[facei] =
+ uStar*kappa_*y[facei]/(Prt[facei]*log(max(Edash, 1 + 1e-4)))
+ + nuw[facei]/Pr;
+ }
+
+ // lower bound values to avoid unrealistic
+ // negative temperatures on the ground
+ alphatw = max(alphatw, 0.01);
+
+ fixedValueFvPatchField<scalar>::updateCoeffs();
+}
+
+
+void atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
+(
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
+)
+{
+ fixedValueFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
+ Prt_->autoMap(m);
+ z0_->autoMap(m);
+}
+
+
+void atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap
+(
+ const fvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const labelList& addr
+)
+{
+ fixedValueFvPatchScalarField::rmap(ptf, addr);
+
+ const atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& nrwfpsf =
+ refCast<const atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
+
+ z0_->rmap(nrwfpsf.z0_(), addr);
+ Prt_->rmap(nrwfpsf.Prt_(), addr);
+}
+
+
+void atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
+{
+ fvPatchField<scalar>::write(os);
+ os.writeEntry("Cmu", Cmu_);
+ os.writeEntry("kappa", kappa_);
+ Pr_.writeData(os);
+ Prt_->writeData(os);
+ z0_->writeData(os);
+ writeEntry("value", os);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+makePatchTypeField
+(
+ fvPatchScalarField,
+ atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+);
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmAlphatkWallFunction/atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmAlphatkWallFunction/atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd549152658484359bf8863fe82f812c62752975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmAlphatkWallFunction/atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+
+Group
+ grpAtmWallFunctions
+
+Description
+ This boundary condition provides a wall constraint on kinematic turbulent
+ thermal conductivity, \c alphat, for atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+ It assumes a logarithmic distribution of the potential temperature within
+ the first cell.
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ alphat | Kinematic turbulent thermal conductivity [m2/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example of the boundary condition specification:
+ \verbatim
+ <patchName>
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type alphatkAtmWallFunction;
+
+ // Mandatory entries (runtime modifiable)
+ Pr 0.90;
+ Prt uniform 0.85;
+ z0 uniform 0.001;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ kappa 0.41;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: alphatAtmWallFunction | word | yes | -
+ Pr | Molecular Prandtl number | TimeFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ Prt | Turbulent Prandtl number | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ z0 | Surface roughness length [m] | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ Cmu | Empirical model constant | scalar | no | 0.09
+ kappa | von Kármán constant | scalar | no | 0.41
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fixedValueFvPatchField.H \endlink
+ - \link TimeFunction1.H \endlink
+ - \link PatchFunction1.H \endlink
+
+See also
+ - Foam::fixedValueFvPatchField
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+#define atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+
+#include "fixedValueFvPatchFields.H"
+#include "TimeFunction1.H"
+#include "PatchFunction1.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+class turbulenceModel;
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+:
+ public fixedValueFvPatchScalarField
+{
+protected:
+
+ // Protected Data
+
+ //- Empirical model constant
+ const scalar Cmu_;
+
+ //- von Kármán constant
+ const scalar kappa_;
+
+ //- Molecular Prandtl number
+ TimeFunction1<scalar> Pr_;
+
+ //- Turbulent Prandtl number field
+ autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> Prt_;
+
+ //- Surface roughness length [m]
+ autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> z0_;
+
+
+ //- Solution parameters
+
+ static scalar tolerance_;
+ static label maxIters_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Check the type of the patch
+ virtual void checkType();
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmAlphatkWallFunction");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from patch and internal field
+ atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
+ atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const dictionary&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct by mapping given
+ //- atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ //- onto a new patch
+ atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct as copy
+ atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this)
+ );
+ }
+
+ //- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
+ atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
+ (
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+ ) const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmAlphatkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ // Evaluation functions
+
+ //- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
+ virtual void updateCoeffs();
+
+
+ // Mapping functions
+
+ //- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
+ virtual void autoMap(const fvPatchFieldMapper&);
+
+ //- Reverse map the given fvPatchField onto this fvPatchField
+ virtual void rmap
+ (
+ const fvPatchScalarField&,
+ const labelList&
+ );
+
+
+ // I-O
+
+ //- Write
+ virtual void write(Ostream&) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmEpsilonWallFunction/atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmEpsilonWallFunction/atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16177e1a89002ae27c37a4009cdd7f11d9920209
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmEpsilonWallFunction/atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "nutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "turbulenceModel.H"
+#include "fvMatrix.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::calculate
+(
+ const turbulenceModel& turbModel,
+ const List<scalar>& cornerWeights,
+ const fvPatch& patch,
+ scalarField& G0,
+ scalarField& epsilon0
+)
+{
+ const label patchi = patch.index();
+
+ const nutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& nutw =
+ nutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::nutw(turbModel, patchi);
+
+ const scalarField& y = turbModel.y()[patchi];
+
+ const tmp<scalarField> tnuw = turbModel.nu(patchi);
+ const scalarField& nuw = tnuw();
+
+ const tmp<volScalarField> tk = turbModel.k();
+ const volScalarField& k = tk();
+
+ const fvPatchVectorField& Uw = turbModel.U().boundaryField()[patchi];
+
+ const scalarField magGradUw(mag(Uw.snGrad()));
+
+ const scalar Cmu25 = pow025(nutw.Cmu());
+ const scalar Cmu75 = pow(nutw.Cmu(), 0.75);
+
+ const scalar t = db().time().timeOutputValue();
+ const scalarField z0(z0_->value(t));
+
+ #ifdef FULLDEBUG
+ for (const auto& z : z0)
+ {
+ if (z < VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "z0 field can only contain positive values. "
+ << "Please check input field z0."
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+ }
+ #endif
+
+ const labelUList& faceCells = patch.faceCells();
+
+ // Set epsilon and G
+ forAll(nutw, facei)
+ {
+ const label celli = faceCells[facei];
+
+ const scalar yPlus = Cmu25*y[facei]*sqrt(k[celli])/nuw[facei];
+
+ const scalar w = cornerWeights[facei];
+
+ // (PGVB:Eq. 7, RH:Eq. 8)
+ scalar epsilonc =
+ w*Cmu75*pow(k[celli], 1.5)/(nutw.kappa()*(y[facei] + z0[facei]));
+
+ scalar Gc =
+ w
+ *(nutw[facei] + nuw[facei])
+ *magGradUw[facei]
+ *Cmu25*sqrt(k[celli])
+ /(nutw.kappa()*(y[facei] + z0[facei]));
+
+ if (lowReCorrection_ && yPlus < nutw.yPlusLam())
+ {
+ epsilonc = w*2.0*k[celli]*nuw[facei]/sqr(y[facei] + z0[facei]);
+ Gc = 0;
+ }
+
+ epsilon0[celli] += epsilonc;
+
+ G0[celli] += Gc;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+ z0_(nullptr)
+{}
+
+
+Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
+)
+:
+ epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(ptf, p, iF, mapper),
+ z0_(ptf.z0_.clone(p.patch()))
+{}
+
+
+Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+ epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF, dict),
+ z0_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(p.patch(), "z0", dict))
+{}
+
+
+Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& ewfpsf
+)
+:
+ epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(ewfpsf),
+ z0_(ewfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& ewfpsf,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(ewfpsf, iF),
+ z0_(ewfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
+(
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
+)
+{
+ epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
+ z0_->autoMap(m);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap
+(
+ const fvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const labelList& addr
+)
+{
+ epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap(ptf, addr);
+
+ const atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& atmpsf =
+ refCast<const atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
+
+ z0_->rmap(atmpsf.z0_(), addr);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write
+(
+ Ostream& os
+) const
+{
+ epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(os);
+ z0_->writeData(os);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+ makePatchTypeField
+ (
+ fvPatchScalarField,
+ atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ );
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmEpsilonWallFunction/atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmEpsilonWallFunction/atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16db3aae49f1503e01b937d72b726faa63f94b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmEpsilonWallFunction/atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+
+Group
+ grpAtmWallFunctions
+
+Description
+ This boundary condition provides a wall constraint on turbulent kinetic
+ energy dissipation rate, i.e. \c epsilon, for atmospheric boundary layer
+ flows in neutral stratification conditions.
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ epsilon | Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate [m2/s3]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Theoretical expressions (tags:PGVB, RH):
+ Parente, A., Gorlé, C., Van Beeck, J., & Benocci, C. (2011).
+ Improved k–ε model and wall function formulation
+ for the RANS simulation of ABL flows.
+ J. of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 99(4), 267-278.
+ DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2010.12.017
+
+ Richards, P. J., & Hoxey, R. P. (1993).
+ Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind
+ engineering models using the k-ε turbulence model.
+ In Computational Wind Engineering 1 (pp. 145-153).
+ DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-81688-7.50018-8
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example of the boundary condition specification:
+ \verbatim
+ <patchName>
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmEpsilonWallFunction;
+
+ // Mandatory entries (runtime modifiable)
+ z0 uniform 0.001;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmEpsilonWallFunction | word | yes | -
+ z0 | Surface roughness length [m] | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H \endlink
+ - \link nutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H \endlink
+ - \link PatchFunction1 \endlink
+
+See also
+ - Foam::epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+#define atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+
+#include "epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "PatchFunction1.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+:
+ public epsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+{
+protected:
+
+ // Protected Data
+
+ //- Surface roughness length field [m]
+ autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> z0_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Calculate the epsilon and G
+ virtual void calculate
+ (
+ const turbulenceModel& turbulence,
+ const List<scalar>& cornerWeights,
+ const fvPatch& patch,
+ scalarField& G,
+ scalarField& epsilon
+ ) override final;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmEpsilonWallFunction");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from patch and internal field
+ atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
+ atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const dictionary&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct by mapping given
+ //- atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ //- onto a new patch
+ atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct as copy
+ atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this)
+ );
+ }
+
+ //- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
+ atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
+ (
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+ ) const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmEpsilonWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ // Mapping functions
+
+ //- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
+ virtual void autoMap(const fvPatchFieldMapper&);
+
+ //- Reverse map the given fvPatchField onto this fvPatchField
+ virtual void rmap
+ (
+ const fvPatchScalarField&,
+ const labelList&
+ );
+
+
+ // I-O
+
+ //- Write
+ virtual void write(Ostream&) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutUWallFunction/atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutUWallFunction/atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9715f8db8a9147b601d5fc55229193fa8d33c188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutUWallFunction/atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "turbulenceModel.H"
+#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+tmp<scalarField> atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::calcNut() const
+{
+ const label patchi = patch().index();
+
+ const turbulenceModel& turbModel = db().lookupObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ IOobject::groupName
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+ internalField().group()
+ )
+ );
+
+ const scalarField& y = turbModel.y()[patchi];
+
+ const fvPatchVectorField& Uw = U(turbModel).boundaryField()[patchi];
+ const vectorField Up(Uw.patchInternalField() - Uw);
+ const scalarField magUpn(mag(Up - (Up & patch().nf())*patch().nf()));
+
+ const tmp<scalarField> tnuw = turbModel.nu(patchi);
+ const scalarField& nuw = tnuw();
+
+ const scalar t = db().time().timeOutputValue();
+ const scalarField z0(z0_->value(t));
+
+ #ifdef FULLDEBUG
+ for (const auto& z : z0)
+ {
+ if (z < VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "z0 field can only contain positive values. "
+ << "Please check input field z0."
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+ }
+ #endif
+
+ tmp<scalarField> tnutw(new scalarField(*this));
+ scalarField& nutw = tnutw.ref();
+
+ forAll(nutw, facei)
+ {
+ const scalar Edash = (y[facei] + z0[facei])/(z0[facei] + 1e-4);
+ const scalar uStar = magUpn[facei]*kappa_/log(max(Edash, 1.0 + 1e-4));
+
+ nutw[facei] = sqr(uStar)/max(magUpn[facei], 1e-6)*y[facei] - nuw[facei];
+ }
+
+ if (boundNut_)
+ {
+ nutw = max(nutw, 0.0);
+ }
+
+ return tnutw;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+ boundNut_(true),
+ z0_(nullptr)
+{}
+
+
+atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
+)
+:
+ nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(ptf, p, iF, mapper),
+ boundNut_(ptf.boundNut_),
+ z0_(ptf.z0_.clone(p.patch()))
+{}
+
+
+atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+ nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF, dict),
+ boundNut_(dict.getOrDefault<Switch>("boundNut", true)),
+ z0_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(p.patch(), "z0", dict))
+{}
+
+
+atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& rwfpsf
+)
+:
+ nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(rwfpsf),
+ boundNut_(rwfpsf.boundNut_),
+ z0_(rwfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& rwfpsf,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(rwfpsf, iF),
+ boundNut_(rwfpsf.boundNut_),
+ z0_(rwfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
+(
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
+)
+{
+ nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
+ z0_->autoMap(m);
+}
+
+
+void atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap
+(
+ const fvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const labelList& addr
+)
+{
+ nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap(ptf, addr);
+
+ const atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& nrwfpsf =
+ refCast<const atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
+
+ z0_->rmap(nrwfpsf.z0_(), addr);
+}
+
+
+void atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
+{
+ nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(os);
+ os.writeEntry("boundNut", boundNut_);
+ z0_->writeData(os);
+ writeEntry("value", os);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+makePatchTypeField
+(
+ fvPatchScalarField,
+ atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+);
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutUWallFunction/atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
similarity index 55%
rename from src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
rename to src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutUWallFunction/atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
index ee626bd9e8b8b2d2bc7cc2adc6ef5f07f572a6ee..4f0998013c5cac2d237107f1615c39e2a302f879 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutUWallFunction/atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
\\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -24,57 +25,82 @@ License
along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Class
- Foam::nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ Foam::atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
Group
- grpWallFunctions
+ grpAtmWallFunctions
Description
- This boundary condition provides a turbulent kinematic viscosity for
- atmospheric velocity profiles. It is designed to be used in conjunction
- with the atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity boundary condition. The values
- are calculated using:
+ This boundary condition provides a wall constraint on the turbulent
+ viscosity, i.e. \c nut, based on velocity, \c U, for atmospheric boundary
+ layer modelling. It is designed to be used in conjunction with the
+ \c atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity boundary condition.
+
+ The governing equation of the boundary condition:
\f[
- U = \frac{U_f}{K} ln \left(\frac{z + z_0}{z_0}\right)
+ \u = \frac{\u^*}{\kappa} ln \left(\frac{z + z_0}{z_0}\right)
\f]
where
-
\vartable
- U_f | frictional velocity
- K | Von Karman's constant
- z_0 | surface roughness length
- z | vertical coordinate
+ \u^* | Friction velocity
+ \kappa | von Kármán constant
+ z_0 | Surface roughness length [m]
+ z | Ground-normal coordinate
\endvartable
-Usage
- \table
- Property | Description | Required | Default value
- z0 | surface roughness length| yes |
- \endtable
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ nut | Turbulent viscosity [m2/s]
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ \endverbatim
+Usage
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
<patchName>
{
- type nutkAtmRoughWallFunction;
- z0 uniform 0;
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmNutUWallFunction;
+
+ // Mandatory entries (runtime modifiable)
+ z0 uniform 0.001;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ boundNut true;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
}
\endverbatim
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmNutUWallFunction | word | yes | -
+ z0 | Surface roughness length [m] | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ boundNut | Flag: zero-bound nut at the wall | bool | no | true
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H \endlink
+ - \link PatchFunction1.H \endlink
+
See also
- Foam::nutkWallFunctionFvPatchField
+ - Foam::nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
SourceFiles
- nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+ atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-#ifndef nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
-#define nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+#ifndef atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+#define atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
-#include "nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "PatchFunction1.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
@@ -82,45 +108,48 @@ namespace Foam
{
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
- Class nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField Declaration
+ Class atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-class nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+class atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
:
- public nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ public nutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
{
-protected:
+ // Private Data
- // Protected data
+ //- Flag to zero-bound nut to prevent negative nut
+ //- at the wall arising from negative heat fluxes
+ const Switch boundNut_;
- //- Surface roughness length
- scalarField z0_;
+ //- Surface roughness length field [m]
+ autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> z0_;
- // Protected Member Functions
+protected:
+ // Protected Member Functions
- //- Calculate the turbulence viscosity
+ //- Calculate the turbulent viscosity
virtual tmp<scalarField> calcNut() const;
public:
//- Runtime type information
- TypeName("nutkAtmRoughWallFunction");
+ TypeName("atmNutUWallFunction");
// Constructors
//- Construct from patch and internal field
- nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
);
//- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
- nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
@@ -128,20 +157,20 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
- // nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
- // onto a new patch
- nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ //- atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ //- onto a new patch
+ atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
- const nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
const fvPatch&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
const fvPatchFieldMapper&
);
//- Construct as copy
- nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
- const nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&
+ const atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&
);
//- Construct and return a clone
@@ -149,14 +178,14 @@ public:
{
return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
(
- new nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this)
+ new atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this)
);
}
//- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
- nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
- const nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
);
@@ -168,21 +197,12 @@ public:
{
return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
(
- new nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
+ new atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
);
}
- // Member functions
-
- // Access functions
-
- // Return z0
- scalarField& z0()
- {
- return z0_;
- }
-
+ // Member Functions
// Mapping functions
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutWallFunction/atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutWallFunction/atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9e31e756fcc06fd9149cc52497eaf6f2742fa91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutWallFunction/atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 CENER
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "turbulenceModel.H"
+#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "bound.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+tmp<scalarField> atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::calcNut() const
+{
+ const label patchi = patch().index();
+
+ const turbulenceModel& turbModel = db().lookupObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ IOobject::groupName
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+ internalField().group()
+ )
+ );
+ const scalarField& y = turbModel.y()[patchi];
+
+ const tmp<volScalarField> tk = turbModel.k();
+ const volScalarField& k = tk();
+
+ const tmp<scalarField> tnuw = turbModel.nu(patchi);
+ const scalarField& nuw = tnuw();
+
+ tmp<scalarField> tnutw(new scalarField(*this));
+ scalarField& nutw = tnutw.ref();
+
+ const scalar Cmu25 = pow025(Cmu_);
+
+ const fvPatchVectorField& Uw = turbModel.U().boundaryField()[patchi];
+ const scalarField magUp(mag(Uw.patchInternalField() - Uw));
+
+ const scalar t = db().time().timeOutputValue();
+ const scalarField z0(z0_->value(t));
+
+ #ifdef FULLDEBUG
+ for (const auto& z : z0)
+ {
+ if (z < VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "z0 field can only contain positive values. "
+ << "Please check input field z0."
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+ }
+ #endif
+
+ const labelList& faceCells = patch().faceCells();
+
+ forAll(nutw, facei)
+ {
+ const label celli = faceCells[facei];
+
+ // (RH:Eq. 6)
+ const scalar Edash = (y[facei] + z0[facei])/(z0[facei] + z0Min_);
+
+ // (RH:Eq. 6)
+ const scalar uStarU = magUp[facei]*kappa_/log(max(Edash, 1 + SMALL));
+
+ // (RH:Eq. 7)
+ const scalar uStarK = Cmu25*Foam::sqrt(k[celli]);
+
+ // (SBJM:Eq. 7; SM:Eq. 25)
+ const scalar tauw = uStarU*uStarK;
+
+ nutw[facei] =
+ max(tauw*y[facei]/(max(magUp[facei], SMALL)) - nuw[facei], 0.0);
+ }
+
+ return tnutw;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+ z0Min_(SMALL),
+ z0_(nullptr)
+{}
+
+
+atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
+)
+:
+ nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(ptf, p, iF, mapper),
+ z0Min_(ptf.z0Min_),
+ z0_(ptf.z0_.clone(p.patch()))
+{}
+
+
+atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+ nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF, dict),
+ z0Min_
+ (
+ dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "z0Min",
+ SMALL,
+ scalarMinMax::ge(0)
+ )
+ ),
+ z0_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(p.patch(), "z0", dict))
+{}
+
+
+atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& rwfpsf
+)
+:
+ nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(rwfpsf),
+ z0Min_(rwfpsf.z0Min_),
+ z0_(rwfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& rwfpsf,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(rwfpsf, iF),
+ z0Min_(rwfpsf.z0Min_),
+ z0_(rwfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
+(
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
+)
+{
+ nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
+ z0_->autoMap(m);
+}
+
+
+void atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap
+(
+ const fvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const labelList& addr
+)
+{
+ nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap(ptf, addr);
+
+ const atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& nrwfpsf =
+ refCast<const atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
+
+ z0_->rmap(nrwfpsf.z0_(), addr);
+}
+
+
+void atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
+{
+ nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(os);
+ os.writeEntry("z0Min", z0Min_);
+ z0_->writeData(os);
+ writeEntry("value", os);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+makePatchTypeField
+(
+ fvPatchScalarField,
+ atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+);
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutWallFunction/atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutWallFunction/atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4cca662edd7a914360a7eba09d3785f30b75af0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutWallFunction/atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 CENER
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+
+Group
+ grpAtmWallFunctions
+
+Description
+ This boundary condition provides a wall constraint on the turbulent
+ viscosity, i.e. \c nut, based on turbulent kinetic energy, \c k, and
+ velocity, i.e. \c U, for atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ The governing equation of the boundary condition:
+
+ \f[
+ \tau_w = {U^*_u} {U^*_k}
+ \f]
+
+ with
+
+ \f[
+ {U^*_u} = \frac{\kappa U_w}{ln(z_p / z_0)}
+ \f]
+
+ \f[
+ {U^*_k} = C_{\mu}^{1/4} \sqrt{k}
+ \f]
+
+ where
+ \vartable
+ \tau_w | wall shear stress
+ U^*_u | local friction velocity based on near-ground velocity
+ U^*_k | local friction velocity based on near-ground k
+ \kappa | von Kármán constant
+ U_w | near-ground velocity
+ z_p | vertical coordinate
+ z_0 | surface roughness length [m]
+ C_mu | empirical model constant
+ k | turbulent kinetic energy
+ \endvartable
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ nut | Turbulent viscosity [m2/s]
+ k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Richards, P. J., & Hoxey, R. P. (1993).
+ Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind
+ engineering models using the k-ε turbulence model.
+ In Computational Wind Engineering 1 (pp. 145-153).
+ DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-81688-7.50018-8
+
+ Sørensen, N. N., Bechmann, A., Johansen, J., Myllerup, L.,
+ Botha, P., Vinther, S., & Nielsen, B. S. (2007).
+ Identification of severe wind conditions using
+ a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes solver.
+ In Journal of Physics: Conference series (Vol. 75, No. 1, p. 012053).
+ DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/75/1/012053
+
+ Sumner, J., & Masson, C. (2012).
+ k− ε simulations of the neutral atmospheric boundary layer:
+ analysis and correction of discretization errors on practical grids.
+ International journal for numerical methods in fluids, 70(6), 724-741.
+ DOI:10.1002/fld.2709
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example of the boundary condition specification:
+ \verbatim
+ <patchName>
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmNutWallFunction;
+ z0Min 0.001;
+
+ // Mandatory entries (runtime modifiable)
+ z0 uniform 0.001;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: nutAtmWallFunction | word | yes | -
+ z0Min | Minimum surface roughness length [m] | scalar | yes | -
+ z0 | Surface roughness length [m] | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H \endlink
+ - \link PatchFunction1.H \endlink
+
+See also
+ - Foam::nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmNutUWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+#define atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+
+#include "nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "PatchFunction1.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+:
+ public nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+{
+
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Minimum surface roughness length [m]
+ const scalar z0Min_;
+
+ //- Surface roughness length field [m]
+ autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> z0_;
+
+
+protected:
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Calculate the turbulent viscosity
+ virtual tmp<scalarField> calcNut() const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmNutWallFunction");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from patch and internal field
+ atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
+ atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const dictionary&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct by mapping given
+ //- atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ //- onto a new patch
+ atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct as copy
+ atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this)
+ );
+ }
+
+ //- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
+ atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
+ (
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+ ) const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmNutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ // Mapping functions
+
+ //- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
+ virtual void autoMap(const fvPatchFieldMapper&);
+
+ //- Reverse map the given fvPatchField onto this fvPatchField
+ virtual void rmap
+ (
+ const fvPatchScalarField&,
+ const labelList&
+ );
+
+
+ // I-O
+
+ //- Write
+ virtual void write(Ostream&) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutkWallFunction/atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
similarity index 59%
rename from src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
rename to src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutkWallFunction/atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
index 5b43cb58071d6d3dc8ff74252a4d8f86bea73826..45c8f4614e44961633dd11271947b7cc74060c1d 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutkWallFunction/atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -25,10 +27,11 @@ License
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-#include "nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
#include "turbulenceModel.H"
#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
#include "volFields.H"
+#include "bound.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ namespace Foam
// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
-tmp<scalarField> nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::calcNut() const
+tmp<scalarField> atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::calcNut() const
{
const label patchi = patch().index();
@@ -51,35 +54,51 @@ tmp<scalarField> nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::calcNut() const
)
);
const scalarField& y = turbModel.y()[patchi];
+
const tmp<volScalarField> tk = turbModel.k();
const volScalarField& k = tk();
+
const tmp<scalarField> tnuw = turbModel.nu(patchi);
const scalarField& nuw = tnuw();
- const scalar Cmu25 = pow025(Cmu_);
-
tmp<scalarField> tnutw(new scalarField(*this));
scalarField& nutw = tnutw.ref();
- forAll(nutw, facei)
+ const scalar Cmu25 = pow025(Cmu_);
+
+ const scalar t = db().time().timeOutputValue();
+ const scalarField z0(z0_->value(t));
+
+ #ifdef FULLDEBUG
+ for (const auto& z : z0)
{
- label celli = patch().faceCells()[facei];
+ if (z < VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "z0 field can only contain positive values. "
+ << "Please check input field z0."
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+ }
+ #endif
- scalar uStar = Cmu25*sqrt(k[celli]);
- scalar yPlus = uStar*y[facei]/nuw[facei];
+ const labelList& faceCells = patch().faceCells();
- scalar Edash = (y[facei] + z0_[facei])/z0_[facei];
+ // (HW:Eq. 5)
+ forAll(nutw, facei)
+ {
+ const label celli = faceCells[facei];
- nutw[facei] =
- nuw[facei]*(yPlus*kappa_/log(max(Edash, 1+1e-4)) - 1);
+ const scalar uStar = Cmu25*sqrt(k[celli]);
+ const scalar yPlus = uStar*y[facei]/nuw[facei];
+ const scalar Edash = (y[facei] + z0[facei])/z0[facei];
- if (debug)
- {
- Info<< "yPlus = " << yPlus
- << ", Edash = " << Edash
- << ", nutw = " << nutw[facei]
- << endl;
- }
+ nutw[facei] = nuw[facei]*(yPlus*kappa_/log(max(Edash, 1 + 1e-4)) - 1);
+ }
+
+ if (boundNut_)
+ {
+ nutw = max(nutw, 0.0);
}
return tnutw;
@@ -88,34 +107,33 @@ tmp<scalarField> nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::calcNut() const
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
)
:
nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
- z0_(p.size(), Zero)
+ boundNut_(true),
+ z0_(nullptr)
{}
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
- const nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& ptf,
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
)
:
nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(ptf, p, iF, mapper),
- z0_(ptf.z0_, mapper)
+ boundNut_(ptf.boundNut_),
+ z0_(ptf.z0_.clone(p.patch()))
{}
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
@@ -123,46 +141,47 @@ nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
)
:
nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF, dict),
- z0_("z0", dict, p.size())
+ boundNut_(dict.getOrDefault<Switch>("boundNut", false)),
+ z0_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(p.patch(), "z0", dict))
{}
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
- const nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& rwfpsf
+ const atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& rwfpsf
)
:
nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(rwfpsf),
- z0_(rwfpsf.z0_)
+ boundNut_(rwfpsf.boundNut_),
+ z0_(rwfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
{}
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
-nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
(
- const nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& rwfpsf,
+ const atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& rwfpsf,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
)
:
nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(rwfpsf, iF),
- z0_(rwfpsf.z0_)
+ boundNut_(rwfpsf.boundNut_),
+ z0_(rwfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
{}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-void nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
+void atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
(
const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
)
{
nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
- z0_.autoMap(m);
+ z0_->autoMap(m);
}
-void nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap
+void atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap
(
const fvPatchScalarField& ptf,
const labelList& addr
@@ -170,18 +189,18 @@ void nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap
{
nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap(ptf, addr);
- const nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& nrwfpsf =
- refCast<const nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
+ const atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& nrwfpsf =
+ refCast<const atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
- z0_.rmap(nrwfpsf.z0_, addr);
+ z0_->rmap(nrwfpsf.z0_(), addr);
}
-void nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
+void atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
- fvPatchField<scalar>::write(os);
- writeLocalEntries(os);
- z0_.writeEntry("z0", os);
+ nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(os);
+ os.writeEntry("boundNut", boundNut_);
+ z0_->writeData(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}
@@ -191,7 +210,7 @@ void nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
makePatchTypeField
(
fvPatchScalarField,
- nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
);
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutkWallFunction/atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutkWallFunction/atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f85358a353bc77433d4b09ee6205aaf5580c6d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmNutkWallFunction/atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+
+Group
+ grpAtmWallFunctions
+
+Description
+ This boundary condition provides a wall constraint on turbulent
+ viscosity, i.e. \c nut, based on turbulent kinetic energy, \c k
+ for atmospheric boundary layer modelling. It is designed to be used in
+ conjunction with the \c atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity boundary condition.
+
+ The governing equation of the boundary condition:
+
+ \f[
+ \u = \frac{\u^*}{\kappa} ln \left(\frac{z + z_0}{z_0}\right)
+ \f]
+
+ where
+ \vartable
+ \u^* | Friction velocity
+ \kappa | von Kármán constant
+ z_0 | Surface roughness length [m]
+ z | Ground-normal coordinate
+ \endvartable
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ nut | Turbulent viscosity [m2/s]
+ k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Theoretical expressions (tag:HW):
+ Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+ On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software to model
+ the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+ J. of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+ DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example of the boundary condition specification:
+ \verbatim
+ <patchName>
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmNutkWallFunction;
+
+ // Mandatory entries (runtime modifiable)
+ z0 uniform 0.001;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ boundNut false;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmNutkWallFunction | word | yes | -
+ z0 | Surface roughness length [m] | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ boundNut | Flag: zero-bound nut at the wall | bool | no | false
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H \endlink
+ - \link PatchFunction1.H \endlink
+
+Note
+ - \c boundNut entry is set \c false for backward compatibility reasons.
+
+See also
+ - Foam::nutkWallFunctionFvPatchField
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+#define atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+
+#include "nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "PatchFunction1.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+:
+ public nutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+{
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Flag to zero-bound nut to prevent negative nut
+ //- at the wall arising from negative heat fluxes
+ const Switch boundNut_;
+
+ //- Surface roughness length field [m]
+ autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> z0_;
+
+
+protected:
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Calculate the turbulent viscosity
+ virtual tmp<scalarField> calcNut() const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmNutkWallFunction");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from patch and internal field
+ atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
+ atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const dictionary&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct by mapping given
+ //- atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ //- onto a new patch
+ atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct as copy
+ atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this)
+ );
+ }
+
+ //- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
+ atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
+ (
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+ ) const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmNutkWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ // Mapping functions
+
+ //- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
+ virtual void autoMap(const fvPatchFieldMapper&);
+
+ //- Reverse map the given fvPatchField onto this fvPatchField
+ virtual void rmap
+ (
+ const fvPatchScalarField&,
+ const labelList&
+ );
+
+
+ // I-O
+
+ //- Write
+ virtual void write(Ostream&) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmOmegaWallFunction/atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmOmegaWallFunction/atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a2d8409a4fd8beee1b66d1a5a3407122c625b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmOmegaWallFunction/atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "nutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "turbulenceModel.H"
+#include "fvMatrix.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::calculate
+(
+ const turbulenceModel& turbModel,
+ const List<scalar>& cornerWeights,
+ const fvPatch& patch,
+ scalarField& G0,
+ scalarField& omega0
+)
+{
+ const label patchi = patch.index();
+
+ const nutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& nutw =
+ nutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::nutw(turbModel, patchi);
+
+ const scalarField& y = turbModel.y()[patchi];
+
+ const tmp<scalarField> tnuw = turbModel.nu(patchi);
+ const scalarField& nuw = tnuw();
+
+ const tmp<volScalarField> tk = turbModel.k();
+ const volScalarField& k = tk();
+
+ const fvPatchVectorField& Uw = turbModel.U().boundaryField()[patchi];
+
+ const scalarField magGradUw(mag(Uw.snGrad()));
+
+ const scalar Cmu25 = pow025(nutw.Cmu());
+
+ const scalar t = db().time().timeOutputValue();
+ const scalarField z0(z0_->value(t));
+
+ #ifdef FULLDEBUG
+ for (const auto& z : z0)
+ {
+ if (z < VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "z0 field can only contain positive values. "
+ << "Please check input field z0."
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+ }
+ #endif
+
+ const labelUList& faceCells = patch.faceCells();
+
+ // Set omega and G
+ forAll(nutw, facei)
+ {
+ const label celli = faceCells[facei];
+
+ const scalar w = cornerWeights[facei];
+
+ omega0[celli] +=
+ w*sqrt(k[celli])/(Cmu25*nutw.kappa()*(y[facei] + z0[facei]));
+
+ G0[celli] +=
+ w
+ *(nutw[facei] + nuw[facei])
+ *magGradUw[facei]
+ *Cmu25*sqrt(k[celli])
+ /(nutw.kappa()*(y[facei] + z0[facei]));
+ }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+ z0_(nullptr)
+{}
+
+
+Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
+)
+:
+ omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(ptf, p, iF, mapper),
+ z0_(ptf.z0_.clone(p.patch()))
+{}
+
+
+Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+ omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(p, iF, dict),
+ z0_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(p.patch(), "z0", dict))
+{}
+
+
+Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& owfpsf
+)
+:
+ omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(owfpsf),
+ z0_(owfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::
+atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& owfpsf,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(owfpsf, iF),
+ z0_(owfpsf.z0_.clone(this->patch().patch()))
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
+(
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
+)
+{
+ omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
+ z0_->autoMap(m);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap
+(
+ const fvPatchScalarField& ptf,
+ const labelList& addr
+)
+{
+ omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::rmap(ptf, addr);
+
+ const atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField& atmpsf =
+ refCast<const atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
+
+ z0_->rmap(atmpsf.z0_(), addr);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write
+(
+ Ostream& os
+) const
+{
+ omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::write(os);
+ z0_->writeData(os);
+ writeEntry("value", os);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+ makePatchTypeField
+ (
+ fvPatchScalarField,
+ atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ );
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmOmegaWallFunction/atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmOmegaWallFunction/atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67b95f60e8c41f4db58f809e2f4e6ac8236b7142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/wallFunctions/atmOmegaWallFunction/atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+
+Group
+ grpAtmWallFunctions
+
+Description
+ This boundary condition provides a wall constraint on specific dissipation
+ rate, i.e. \c omega, for atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ omega | Specific dissipation rate [1/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Theoretical expressions (tags:PGVB, B):
+ Parente, A., Gorlé, C., Van Beeck, J., & Benocci, C. (2011).
+ Improved k–ε model and wall function formulation
+ for the RANS simulation of ABL flows.
+ J. of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 99(4), 267-278.
+ DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2010.12.017
+
+ Bredberg, J. (2000).
+ On the wall boundary condition for turbulence models.
+ Chalmers University of Technology, Depart. of Thermo and Fluid Dyn.
+ Internal Report 00/4. Sweden: Göteborg.
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example of the boundary condition specification:
+ \verbatim
+ <patchName>
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmOmegaWallFunction;
+
+ // Mandatory entries (runtime modifiable)
+ z0 uniform 0.001;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmOmegaWallFunction | word | yes | -
+ z0 | Surface roughness length [m] | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H \endlink
+ - \link nutWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H \endlink
+ - \link PatchFunction1.H \endlink
+
+See also
+ - Foam::omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+#define atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField_H
+
+#include "omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "PatchFunction1.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+:
+ public omegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+{
+protected:
+
+ // Protected Data
+
+ //- Surface roughness length field [m]
+ autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> z0_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Calculate the omega and G
+ virtual void calculate
+ (
+ const turbulenceModel& turbulence,
+ const List<scalar>& cornerWeights,
+ const fvPatch& patch,
+ scalarField& G,
+ scalarField& omega
+ ) override final;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmOmegaWallFunction");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from patch and internal field
+ atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
+ atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const dictionary&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct by mapping given
+ //- atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ //- onto a new patch
+ atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct as copy
+ atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this)
+ );
+ }
+
+ //- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
+ atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
+ (
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+ ) const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmOmegaWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ // Mapping functions
+
+ //- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
+ virtual void autoMap(const fvPatchFieldMapper&);
+
+ //- Reverse map the given fvPatchField onto this fvPatchField
+ virtual void rmap
+ (
+ const fvPatchScalarField&,
+ const labelList&
+ );
+
+
+ // I-O
+
+ //- Write
+ virtual void write(Ostream&) const override;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/functionObjects/ObukhovLength/ObukhovLength.C b/src/atmosphericModels/functionObjects/ObukhovLength/ObukhovLength.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..247e787620dc2dae95cca0bc233de045ffc33ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/functionObjects/ObukhovLength/ObukhovLength.C
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "ObukhovLength.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "dictionary.H"
+#include "Time.H"
+#include "mapPolyMesh.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "zeroGradientFvPatchField.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace functionObjects
+{
+ defineTypeNameAndDebug(ObukhovLength, 0);
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(functionObject, ObukhovLength, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+bool Foam::functionObjects::ObukhovLength::calcOL()
+{
+ const auto* rhoPtr = mesh_.findObject<volScalarField>("rho");
+ const volScalarField& nut = mesh_.lookupObject<volScalarField>("nut");
+ const volVectorField& U = mesh_.lookupObject<volVectorField>(UName_);
+ const volScalarField& alphat = mesh_.lookupObject<volScalarField>("alphat");
+ const volScalarField& T = mesh_.lookupObject<volScalarField>("T");
+
+ volScalarField* result1 = mesh_.getObjectPtr<volScalarField>(resultName1_);
+ volScalarField* result2 = mesh_.getObjectPtr<volScalarField>(resultName2_);
+
+ const bool isNew = !result1;
+
+ if (!result1)
+ {
+ result1 = new volScalarField
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ resultName1_,
+ mesh_.time().timeName(),
+ mesh_,
+ IOobject::NO_READ,
+ IOobject::NO_WRITE,
+ true
+ ),
+ mesh_,
+ dimLength,
+ zeroGradientFvPatchField<scalar>::typeName
+ );
+
+ result1->store();
+
+ result2 = new volScalarField
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ resultName2_,
+ mesh_.time().timeName(),
+ mesh_,
+ IOobject::NO_READ,
+ IOobject::NO_WRITE,
+ true
+ ),
+ mesh_,
+ dimVelocity,
+ zeroGradientFvPatchField<scalar>::typeName
+ );
+
+ result2->store();
+ }
+
+ volScalarField B(alphat*beta_*(fvc::grad(T) & g_));
+ if (rhoPtr)
+ {
+ const auto& rho = *rhoPtr;
+ B /= rho;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ const dimensionedScalar rho(dimless, rhoRef_);
+ B /= rho;
+ }
+
+ *result2 = // Ustar
+ sqrt
+ (
+ max
+ (
+ nut*sqrt(2*magSqr(symm(fvc::grad(U)))),
+ dimensionedScalar(sqr(U.dimensions()), VSMALL)
+ )
+ );
+
+ // (O:Eq. 26)
+ *result1 = // ObukhovLength
+ -min
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar(dimLength, ROOTVGREAT), // neutral stratification
+ pow3(*result2)/
+ (
+ sign(B)*kappa_
+ *max(mag(B), dimensionedScalar(B.dimensions(), VSMALL))
+ )
+ );
+
+ return isNew;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::functionObjects::ObukhovLength::ObukhovLength
+(
+ const word& name,
+ const Time& runTime,
+ const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+ fvMeshFunctionObject(name, runTime, dict),
+ UName_("U"),
+ resultName1_("ObukhovLength"),
+ resultName2_("Ustar"),
+ rhoRef_(1.0),
+ kappa_(0.40),
+ beta_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ dimless/dimTemperature,
+ dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "beta",
+ 3e-3,
+ [&](const scalar x){ return x > SMALL; }
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ g_
+ (
+ "g",
+ dimLength/sqr(dimTime),
+ meshObjects::gravity::New(mesh_.time()).value()
+ )
+{
+ read(dict);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+bool Foam::functionObjects::ObukhovLength::read(const dictionary& dict)
+{
+ fvMeshFunctionObject::read(dict),
+
+ UName_ = dict.getOrDefault<word>("U", "U");
+ resultName1_ = dict.getOrDefault<word>("ObukhovLength", "ObukhovLength");
+ resultName2_ = dict.getOrDefault<word>("Ustar", "Ustar");
+
+ if (UName_ != "U" && resultName1_ == "ObukhovLength")
+ {
+ resultName1_ += '(' + UName_ + ')';
+ }
+
+ if (UName_ != "U" && resultName1_ == "Ustar")
+ {
+ resultName2_ += '(' + UName_ + ')';
+ }
+
+ rhoRef_ = dict.getOrDefault<scalar>("rhoRef", 1.0);
+ kappa_ = dict.getOrDefault<scalar>("kappa", 0.4);
+ beta_.value() = dict.getOrDefault<scalar>("beta", 3e-3);
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::functionObjects::ObukhovLength::execute()
+{
+ Log << type() << " " << name() << " execute:" << endl;
+
+ bool isNew = false;
+
+ isNew = calcOL();
+
+ if (isNew) Log << " (new)" << nl << endl;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+
+bool Foam::functionObjects::ObukhovLength::write()
+{
+ const auto* ioptr1 = mesh_.cfindObject<regIOobject>(resultName1_);
+ const auto* ioptr2 = mesh_.cfindObject<regIOobject>(resultName2_);
+
+ if (ioptr1)
+ {
+ Log << type() << " " << name() << " write:" << nl
+ << " writing field " << ioptr1->name() << nl
+ << " writing field " << ioptr2->name() << endl;
+
+ ioptr1->write();
+ ioptr2->write();
+ }
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+
+void Foam::functionObjects::ObukhovLength::removeObukhovLength()
+{
+ mesh_.thisDb().checkOut(resultName1_);
+ mesh_.thisDb().checkOut(resultName2_);
+}
+
+
+void Foam::functionObjects::ObukhovLength::updateMesh(const mapPolyMesh& mpm)
+{
+ if (&mpm.mesh() == &mesh_)
+ {
+ removeObukhovLength();
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::functionObjects::ObukhovLength::movePoints(const polyMesh& m)
+{
+ if (&m == &mesh_)
+ {
+ removeObukhovLength();
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/functionObjects/ObukhovLength/ObukhovLength.H b/src/atmosphericModels/functionObjects/ObukhovLength/ObukhovLength.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..948bd238db8591a05013f030595b1d028e299e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/functionObjects/ObukhovLength/ObukhovLength.H
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::functionObjects::ObukhovLength
+
+Group
+ grpFieldFunctionObjects
+
+Description
+ Computes the Obukhov length field and associated friction velocity field.
+
+ When scaled by the ground-normal height, i.e. z, the Obukhov length becomes
+ a dimensionless stability parameter, i.e. z/L, for atmospheric boundary
+ layer modelling, expressing the relative roles of buoyancy and shear in the
+ production and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy.
+
+ \f[
+ u^* = \sqrt{\max (\nu_t \sqrt{2 |\symm{\grad{\u}}|^2}, VSMALL)}
+ \f]
+
+ \f[
+ L_o = - \frac{(u^*)^3}{sign(B) \kappa \max (|B|, VSMALL)}
+ \f]
+
+ with
+ \f[
+ B = \alpha_t \beta \frac{\grad{T} \cdot \vec{g}}{\rho}
+ \f]
+
+ where
+ \vartable
+ u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
+ \nu_t | Turbulent viscosity [m2/s]
+ \u | Velocity [m/s]
+ L_o | Obukhov length [m]
+ B | Buoyancy production term [m2/s3]
+ \alpha_t | Kinematic turbulent thermal conductivity [m2/s]/[kg/m/s]
+ \rho | Density of fluid [-]/[kg/m3]
+ \beta | Thermal expansion coefficient [1/K]
+ T | Temperature [K]
+ g | Gravitational acceleration [m/s2]
+ VSMALL | A very small number to avoid floating point exceptions
+ \endvartable
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Definition of the Obukhov length (tag:O):
+ Obukhov, A. M. (1946).
+ Turbulentnost'v temperaturnoj-neodnorodnoj atmosfere.
+ Trudy Inst. Theor. Geofiz. AN SSSR, 1, 95-115.
+
+ Obukhov, A. M. (1971).
+ Turbulence in an atmosphere with a non-uniform temperature.
+ Boundary-layer meteorology, 2(1), 7-29.
+ DOI:10.1007/BF00718085
+
+ Obukhov length. (2016).
+ In American Meteorological Society - Glossary of meteorology.
+ Retrieved Apr 1, 2020, from glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Obukhov_length
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ T | Temperature [K]
+ nut | Turbulent viscosity [m2/s]
+ alphat | Kinematic turbulent thermal conductivity [m2/s]/[kg/m/s]
+ g | Gravitational acceleration [m/s2]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ \table
+ Operand | Type | Location
+ input | - | -
+ output file | - | -
+ output field 1 | volScalarField | $FOAM_CASE/\<time\>/\<ObukhovLength\>
+ output field 2 | volScalarField | $FOAM_CASE/\<time\>/\<Ustar\>
+ \endtable
+
+Usage
+ Minimal example by using \c system/controlDict.functions:
+ \verbatim
+ ObukhovLength1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type ObukhovLength;
+ libs (fieldFunctionObjects);
+
+ // Optional entries (runtime modifiable)
+ U U;
+ result1 ObukhovLength;
+ result2 Ustar;
+ rhoRef 1.0;
+ kappa 0.4;
+ beta 3e-3;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: ObukhovLength | word | yes | -
+ libs | Library name: fieldFunctionObjects | word | yes | -
+ U | Name of the velocity field | word | no | U
+ result1 | Name of the output field for ObukhovLength | word | no <!--
+ --> | ObukhovLength
+ result2 | Name of the output field for Ustar | word | no | Ustar
+ rhoRef | Reference density (to convert from kinematic to static <!--
+ --> pressure) | scalar | no | 1.0
+ kappa | von Kármán constant | scalar | no | 0.40
+ beta | Thermal expansion coefficient [1/K] | scalar | no | 3e-3
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link functionObject.H \endlink
+
+ Minimal example by using the \c postProcess utility:
+ \verbatim
+ postProcess -func "ObukhovLength(<UField>)"
+ \endverbatim
+
+See also
+ - Foam::functionObjects::fvMeshFunctionObject
+ - ExtendedCodeGuide::atmosphericModels::functionObjects::ObukhovLength
+
+SourceFiles
+ ObukhovLength.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef functionObjects_ObukhovLength_H
+#define functionObjects_ObukhovLength_H
+
+#include "fvMeshFunctionObject.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+#include "gravityMeshObject.H"
+#include "Enum.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace functionObjects
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class ObukhovLength Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class ObukhovLength
+:
+ public fvMeshFunctionObject
+{
+protected:
+
+ // Protected Data
+
+ //- Name of velocity field
+ word UName_;
+
+ //- Name of the output field for ObukhovLength
+ word resultName1_;
+
+ //- Name of the output field for Ustar
+ word resultName2_;
+
+ //- Reference density (to convert from kinematic to static pressure)
+ scalar rhoRef_;
+
+ //- von Kármán constant [-]
+ scalar kappa_;
+
+ //- Thermal expansion coefficient [1/K]
+ dimensionedScalar beta_;
+
+ //- Gravitational acceleration vector [m/s2]
+ const dimensionedVector g_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Hard-coded Obukhov length field and friction velocity
+ // \return true if fields did not previously exist
+ bool calcOL();
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Run-time type information
+ TypeName("ObukhovLength");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from Time and dictionary
+ ObukhovLength
+ (
+ const word& name,
+ const Time& runTime,
+ const dictionary& dict
+ );
+
+ //- No copy construct
+ ObukhovLength(const ObukhovLength&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const ObukhovLength&) = delete;
+
+
+ //- Destructor
+ virtual ~ObukhovLength() = default;
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Remove (checkOut) the output fields from the object registry
+ void removeObukhovLength();
+
+ //- Read the data
+ virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict);
+
+ //- Calculate the output fields
+ virtual bool execute();
+
+ //- Write the output fields
+ virtual bool write();
+
+ //- Update for changes of mesh
+ virtual void updateMesh(const mapPolyMesh& mpm);
+
+ //- Update for mesh point-motion
+ virtual void movePoints(const polyMesh& m);
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace functionObjects
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSource.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSource.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..932942adc73f224238e91c5872071a70745ea97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSource.C
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmAmbientTurbSource.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+ defineTypeNameAndDebug(atmAmbientTurbSource, 0);
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, atmAmbientTurbSource, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::fv::atmAmbientTurbSource::atmAmbientTurbSource
+(
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+)
+:
+ cellSetOption(sourceName, modelType, dict, mesh),
+ isEpsilon_(true),
+ rhoName_(coeffs_.getOrDefault<word>("rho", "rho")),
+ kAmb_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ sqr(dimLength)/sqr(dimTime),
+ coeffs_.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "kAmb",
+ SMALL,
+ [&](const scalar k){ return k > -VSMALL; }
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ epsilonAmb_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ sqr(dimLength)/pow3(dimTime),
+ coeffs_.getOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "epsilonAmb",
+ Zero
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ omegaAmb_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ dimless/dimTime,
+ coeffs_.getOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "omegaAmb",
+ Zero
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ Cmu_(Zero),
+ C2_(Zero)
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ if (!turbPtr)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find a turbulence model."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ fieldNames_.setSize(2, "undefined");
+
+ tmp<volScalarField> tepsilon = turbPtr->epsilon();
+ tmp<volScalarField> tomega = turbPtr->omega();
+
+ if (!tepsilon.isTmp())
+ {
+ fieldNames_[0] = tepsilon().name();
+
+ const dictionary& turbDict = turbPtr->coeffDict();
+
+ C2_.read("C2", turbDict);
+ }
+ else if (!tomega.isTmp())
+ {
+ isEpsilon_ = false;
+ fieldNames_[0] = tomega().name();
+
+ const dictionary& turbDict = turbPtr->coeffDict();
+
+ Cmu_.read("betaStar", turbDict);
+ C2_.read("C2", turbDict);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find neither epsilon nor omega field." << nl
+ << "atmAmbientTurbSource needs either epsilon or omega field."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ fieldNames_[1] = turbPtr->k()().name();
+
+ applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false);
+
+ Log << " Applying atmAmbientTurbSource to: "
+ << fieldNames_[0] << " and " << fieldNames_[1]
+ << endl;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::atmAmbientTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (fieldi == 1)
+ {
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceK
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceEpsilon
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceOmega
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmAmbientTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (fieldi == 1)
+ {
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceK(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceEpsilon(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceOmega(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmAmbientTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (fieldi == 1)
+ {
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceK(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceEpsilon(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceOmega(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSource.H b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSource.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de1261fded94628a67d733a590223cf29e890593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSource.H
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::fv::atmAmbientTurbSource
+
+Group
+ grpFvOptionsSources
+
+Description
+ Applies sources on \c k and either \c epsilon or \c omega to prevent them
+ droping below a specified ambient value for atmospheric boundary
+ layer modelling. Such adjustment reportedly increases numerical
+ stability for very stable atmospheric conditions, and prevents
+ nonphysical oscillations in regions of low shear at higher altitudes.
+
+ Corrections applied to:
+ \verbatim
+ k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Corrections applied to either of the below, if exist:
+ \verbatim
+ epsilon | Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate [m2/s3]
+ omega | Specific dissipation rate [1/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]
+ epsilon/omega | Dissipation rate OR Specific dissipation rate [m2/s3]/[1/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Background turbulence (tag:RS):
+ Rumsey, C. L., & Spalart, P. R. (2009).
+ Turbulence model behavior in low Reynolds number
+ regions of aerodynamic flowfields.
+ AIAA journal, 47(4), 982-993.
+ DOI:10.2514/1.39947
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
+ \verbatim
+ atmAmbientTurbSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmAmbientTurbSource;
+
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ selectionMode all;
+
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ kAmb 0.0;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ rho rho;
+ epsilonAmb 0.0;
+ omegaAmb 0.0;
+ }
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmAmbientTurbSource | word | yes | -
+ kAmb | Ambient value for k | scalar | yes | -
+ rho | Name of density field | word | no | rho
+ epsilonAmb | Ambient value for epsilon | scalar | no | 0.0
+ omegaAmb | Ambient value for omega | scalar | no | 0.0
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmAmbientTurbSource.C
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceTemplates.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef fv_atmAmbientTurbSource_H
+#define fv_atmAmbientTurbSource_H
+
+#include "cellSetOption.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmAmbientTurbSource Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmAmbientTurbSource
+:
+ public cellSetOption
+{
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Internal flag to determine the working field is epsilon or omega
+ Switch isEpsilon_;
+
+ //- Name of density field
+ const word rhoName_;
+
+ //- Ambient turbulent kinetic energy value [m2/s2]
+ const dimensionedScalar kAmb_;
+
+ //- Ambient turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate value [m2/s3]
+ const dimensionedScalar epsilonAmb_;
+
+ //- Ambient specific dissipation rate value [1/s]
+ const dimensionedScalar omegaAmb_;
+
+ //- Required turbulence model coefficients (copied from turb model)
+ dimensionedScalar Cmu_;
+ dimensionedScalar C2_;
+
+
+ // Private Member Functions
+
+ //- Apply atmAmbientTurbSource to epsilon field
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmAmbientTurbSourceEpsilon
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Apply atmAmbientTurbSource to omega field
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmAmbientTurbSourceOmega
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Apply atmAmbientTurbSource to k field
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmAmbientTurbSourceK
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmAmbientTurbSource");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from explicit source name and mesh
+ atmAmbientTurbSource
+ (
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+ );
+
+ //- No copy construct
+ atmAmbientTurbSource(const atmAmbientTurbSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const atmAmbientTurbSource&) = delete;
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for incompressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for compressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for multiphase flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Read source dictionary (effectively no-op)
+ virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict)
+ {
+ return true;
+ }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace fv
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+ #include "atmAmbientTurbSourceTemplates.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSourceTemplates.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSourceTemplates.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..600e411a1578b2f00d446d9ace75d6ce9e346f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmAmbientTurbSource/atmAmbientTurbSourceTemplates.C
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmAmbientTurbSource.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmAmbientTurbSource::atmAmbientTurbSourceEpsilon
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+ const volScalarField& epsilon = turbPtr->epsilon();
+
+ // (Heuristically derived from RS:Eq. 4, rhs-term:5)
+ eqn +=
+ fvm::Sp(alpha()*rho()*C2_*sqr(epsilonAmb_)/(kAmb_*epsilon()), epsilon);
+}
+
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmAmbientTurbSource::atmAmbientTurbSourceOmega
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+ const volScalarField& omega = turbPtr->omega();
+ const volScalarField::Internal& beta =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":beta")
+ );
+
+ // (RS:Eq. 4, rhs-term:5)
+ eqn += fvm::Sp(alpha()*rho()*Cmu_*beta*sqr(omegaAmb_)/omega(), omega);
+}
+
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmAmbientTurbSource::atmAmbientTurbSourceK
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+ const volScalarField& k = turbPtr->k();
+
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ // (Heuristically derived from RS:Eq. 3, rhs-term:4)
+ eqn += fvm::Sp(alpha()*rho()*epsilonAmb_/k(), k);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // (RS:Eq. 3, rhs-term:4)
+ eqn += fvm::Sp(alpha()*rho()*Cmu_*omegaAmb_*kAmb_/k(), k);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSource.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSource.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..afa1a1da720526dd6298d11e6b3ad81345eecf02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSource.C
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmBuoyancyTurbSource.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+ defineTypeNameAndDebug(atmBuoyancyTurbSource, 0);
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, atmBuoyancyTurbSource, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::calcB()
+{
+ //- Temperature field [K]
+ const volScalarField& T = mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField>("T");
+
+ //- Turbulent heat transfer coefficient field [m2/s]
+ const volScalarField& alphat =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField>("alphat");
+
+ // (ARAL:Eq. 7)
+ B_ = beta_*alphat()*(fvc::grad(T) & g_)();
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField::Internal>
+Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::calcC3
+(
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& epsilon,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& G
+) const
+{
+ // Gradient Richardson number (ARAL:p. 4)
+ const volScalarField::Internal Rig
+ (
+ -B_/(G + dimensionedScalar(G.dimensions(), SMALL))
+ );
+
+ // Mixing-length scale estimation (P:Eq. 10.37 & p. 374) normalised by Lmax_
+ const volScalarField::Internal LbyLmax
+ (
+ (pow(Cmu_, 0.75)/Lmax_)*pow(k, 1.5)/epsilon
+ );
+
+ // (ARAL:Eq. 10), with a typo of (C2_) instead of using (C2_ - 1.0)
+ volScalarField::Internal alphaB(1.0 - LbyLmax);
+
+ alphaB ==
+ neg0(Rig)*(1.0 - (1.0 + (C2_ - 1.0)/(C2_ - C1_))*LbyLmax)
+ + pos(Rig)*(1.0 - LbyLmax);
+
+ // (SKL:Eq. 18, rhs-term:3); (ARAL:Eq. 5, rhs-term:3) has a typo
+ return (C1_ - C2_)*alphaB + 1.0;
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField::Internal>
+Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::calcC3
+(
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& omega,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& G,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& gamma,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& beta
+) const
+{
+ // Gradient Richardson number (ARAL:p. 4)
+ const volScalarField::Internal Rig
+ (
+ -B_/(G + dimensionedScalar(G.dimensions(), SMALL))
+ );
+
+ // Mixing-length scale estimation (L:Eq. 3.20) normalised by Lmax_
+ const volScalarField::Internal LbyLmax
+ (
+ (1.0/(pow025(Cmu_)*Lmax_))*sqrt(k)/omega
+ );
+
+ // (ARAL:Eq. 10)
+ volScalarField::Internal alphaB(1.0 - LbyLmax);
+
+ alphaB ==
+ neg0(Rig)*(1.0 - (1.0 + beta/(beta - gamma))*LbyLmax)
+ + pos(Rig)*(1.0 - LbyLmax);
+
+ // (SKL:Eq. 19, rhs-term:3); (ARAL:Eq. 5, rhs-term:3) has a typo
+ return (gamma - beta)*alphaB;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::atmBuoyancyTurbSource
+(
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+)
+:
+ cellSetOption(sourceName, modelType, dict, mesh),
+ isEpsilon_(true),
+ rhoName_(coeffs_.getOrDefault<word>("rho", "rho")),
+ Lmax_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ dimLength,
+ coeffs_.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "Lmax",
+ 41.575,
+ [&](const scalar Lmax){ return Lmax > SMALL; }
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ n_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ dimless,
+ coeffs_.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "n",
+ 3.0,
+ [&](const scalar n){ return n > SMALL; }
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ beta_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ dimless/dimTemperature,
+ coeffs_.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "beta",
+ 3.3e-3,
+ [&](const scalar x){ return x > SMALL; }
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ Cmu_(Zero),
+ C1_(Zero),
+ C2_(Zero),
+ g_
+ (
+ "g",
+ dimLength/sqr(dimTime),
+ meshObjects::gravity::New(mesh_.time()).value()
+ ),
+ B_
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ "B",
+ mesh.time().timeName(),
+ mesh,
+ IOobject::NO_READ,
+ IOobject::NO_WRITE
+ ),
+ mesh,
+ dimensionedScalar(sqr(dimLength)/pow3(dimTime), Zero)
+ )
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ if (!turbPtr)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find a turbulence model."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ fieldNames_.setSize(2, "undefined");
+
+ tmp<volScalarField> tepsilon = turbPtr->epsilon();
+ tmp<volScalarField> tomega = turbPtr->omega();
+
+ if (!tepsilon.isTmp())
+ {
+ fieldNames_[0] = tepsilon().name();
+
+ const dictionary& turbDict = turbPtr->coeffDict();
+
+ Cmu_.read("Cmu", turbDict);
+ C1_.read("C1", turbDict);
+ C2_.read("C2", turbDict);
+ }
+ else if (!tomega.isTmp())
+ {
+ isEpsilon_ = false;
+ fieldNames_[0] = tomega().name();
+
+ const dictionary& turbDict = turbPtr->coeffDict();
+
+ Cmu_.read("betaStar", turbDict);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find neither epsilon nor omega field." << nl
+ << "atmBuoyancyTurbSource needs either epsilon or omega field."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ fieldNames_[1] = turbPtr->k()().name();
+
+ applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false);
+
+ Log << " Applying atmBuoyancyTurbSource to: "
+ << fieldNames_[0] << " and " << fieldNames_[1]
+ << endl;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (fieldi == 1)
+ {
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceK
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ return;
+ }
+
+ calcB();
+
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceEpsilon
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceOmega
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (fieldi == 1)
+ {
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceK(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ calcB();
+
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceEpsilon(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceOmega(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (fieldi == 1)
+ {
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceK(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ calcB();
+
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceEpsilon(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceOmega(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSource.H b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSource.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c34f05e23bfc3e201fafe1d3462443c744f1f203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSource.H
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource
+
+Group
+ grpFvOptionsSources
+
+Description
+ Applies sources on \c k and either \c epsilon or \c omega to incorporate
+ effects of buoyancy for atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ Corrections applied to:
+ \verbatim
+ k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Corrections applied to either of the below, if exist:
+ \verbatim
+ epsilon | Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate [m2/s3]
+ omega | Specific dissipation rate [1/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m2/s2]
+ epsilon/omega | Dissipation rate OR Specific dissipation rate [m2/s3]/[1/s]
+ T | Temperature [K]
+ alphat | Turbulent heat tranfer coefficient [m2/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Buoyancy effects (tags:SKL, ARAL):
+ Sogachev, A., Kelly, M., & Leclerc, M. Y. (2012).
+ Consistent two-equation closure modelling for atmospheric
+ research: buoyancy and vegetation implementations.
+ Boundary-layer meteorology, 145(2), 307-327.
+ DOI: 10.1007/s10546-012-9726-5
+
+ Alletto, M., Radi, A., Adib, J., Langner, J.,
+ Peralta, C., Altmikus, A., & Letzel, M. (2018).
+ E-Wind: Steady state CFD approach for stratified flows
+ used for site assessment at Enercon.
+ In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1037(7).
+ DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1037/7/072020
+
+ Mixing-length scale limiter for omega (tag:L):
+ Langner, J. (2016).
+ Implementierung und validierung von RANS-modellen der
+ thermisch geschichteten, atmosphärischen grenzschicht.
+ Masterarbeit zum thema, Technische Universität Berlin.
+
+ Mixing-length scale estimation (tag:P):
+ Pope, S. B. (2000).
+ Turbulent flows.
+ Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
+ DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511840531
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
+ \verbatim
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmBuoyancyTurbSource;
+
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ selectionMode all;
+
+ // Optional (unmodifiable)
+ rho rho;
+ Lmax 41.575;
+ n 3.0;
+ beta 3.3e-03;
+ }
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmBuoyancyTurbSource | word | yes | -
+ rho | Name of density field | word | no | rho
+ Lmax | Maximum mixing-length scale | scalar | no | 41.575
+ n | Mixing-length scale exponent | scalar | no | 3.0
+ beta | Thermal expansion coefficient | scalar | no | 3.3e-03
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSource.C
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceTemplates.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef fv_atmBuoyancyTurbSource_H
+#define fv_atmBuoyancyTurbSource_H
+
+#include "cellSetOption.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+#include "gravityMeshObject.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmBuoyancyTurbSource Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmBuoyancyTurbSource
+:
+ public cellSetOption
+{
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Internal flag to determine the working field is epsilon or omega
+ Switch isEpsilon_;
+
+ //- Name of density field
+ const word rhoName_;
+
+ //- Maximum mixing-length scale [m]
+ const dimensionedScalar Lmax_;
+
+ //- Mixing-length scale exponent
+ const dimensionedScalar n_;
+
+ //- Thermal expansion coefficient [1/K]
+ const dimensionedScalar beta_;
+
+ //- Required turbulence model coefficients (copied from turb model)
+ dimensionedScalar Cmu_;
+ dimensionedScalar C1_;
+ dimensionedScalar C2_;
+
+ //- Gravitational acceleration vector [m/s2]
+ const dimensionedVector g_;
+
+
+ // Fields
+
+ //- Buoyancy production term [m2/s3]
+ volScalarField::Internal B_;
+
+
+ // Private Member Functions
+
+ //- Compute the buoyancy production term B_
+ void calcB();
+
+ //- Return the buoyancy-effect modifier for epsilon-based models
+ tmp<volScalarField::Internal> calcC3
+ (
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& epsilon,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& G
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Return the buoyancy-effect modifier for omega-based models
+ tmp<volScalarField::Internal> calcC3
+ (
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& omega,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& G,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& gamma,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& beta
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Apply atmBuoyancyTurbSource to epsilon field
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmBuoyancyTurbSourceEpsilon
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Apply atmBuoyancyTurbSource to omega field
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmBuoyancyTurbSourceOmega
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Apply atmBuoyancyTurbSource to k field
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmBuoyancyTurbSourceK
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmBuoyancyTurbSource");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from explicit source name and mesh
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSource
+ (
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+ );
+
+ //- No copy construct
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSource(const atmBuoyancyTurbSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const atmBuoyancyTurbSource&) = delete;
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for incompressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for compressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for multiphase flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Read source dictionary (effectively no-op)
+ virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict)
+ {
+ return true;
+ }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace fv
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+ #include "atmBuoyancyTurbSourceTemplates.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSourceTemplates.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSourceTemplates.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..054d2ec09c9b8b9d0138c6bb21a15cf660ae8fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmBuoyancyTurbSource/atmBuoyancyTurbSourceTemplates.C
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmBuoyancyTurbSource.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::atmBuoyancyTurbSourceEpsilon
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ // Fetch required fields from the epsilon-based model
+ const volScalarField& k = turbPtr->k();
+ const volScalarField& epsilon = turbPtr->epsilon();
+ const volScalarField::Internal& GbyNu =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":GbyNu")
+ );
+ const volScalarField::Internal G(GbyNu*Cmu_*sqr(k())/epsilon());
+
+ // (ARAL:Eq. 5, rhs-term:3)
+ eqn += fvm::Sp(alpha()*rho()*calcC3(k(), epsilon(), G)*B_/k(), epsilon);
+}
+
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::atmBuoyancyTurbSourceOmega
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ // Fetch required fields from the omega-based model
+ const volScalarField& k = turbPtr->k();
+ const volScalarField& omega = turbPtr->omega();
+ const volScalarField::Internal& GbyNu =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":GbyNu")
+ );
+ const volScalarField::Internal G(GbyNu*Cmu_*k()/omega());
+ const volScalarField::Internal& gamma =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":gamma")
+ );
+ const volScalarField::Internal& beta =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":beta")
+ );
+
+ // (ARAL:Eq. 5, rhs-term:3)
+ eqn +=
+ fvm::Sp
+ (
+ alpha()*rho()*calcC3(k(), omega(), G, gamma, beta)*B_/k(),
+ omega
+ );
+}
+
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmBuoyancyTurbSource::atmBuoyancyTurbSourceK
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ const volScalarField& k = turbPtr->k();
+
+ eqn += fvm::Sp(alpha()*rho()*B_/k(), k);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmCoriolisUSource/atmCoriolisUSource.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmCoriolisUSource/atmCoriolisUSource.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04e6c1cf3bb6f79cda14193f1e1efec57389c734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmCoriolisUSource/atmCoriolisUSource.C
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 CENER
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmCoriolisUSource.H"
+#include "fvMatrices.H"
+#include "unitConversion.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+using namespace Foam::constant::mathematical;
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+ defineTypeNameAndDebug(atmCoriolisUSource, 0);
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, atmCoriolisUSource, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::vector Foam::fv::atmCoriolisUSource::planetaryRotationVector() const
+{
+ return vector
+ (
+ Zero,
+ twoPi/(planetaryRotationPeriod_*3600.0)*cos(degToRad(latitude_)),
+ twoPi/(planetaryRotationPeriod_*3600.0)*sin(degToRad(latitude_))
+ );
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::fv::atmCoriolisUSource::atmCoriolisUSource
+(
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+)
+:
+ cellSetOption(sourceName, modelType, dict, mesh),
+ latitude_
+ (
+ coeffs_.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "latitude",
+ 0.0,
+ [&](const scalar x){ return (90 >= mag(x)) && (mag(x) >= 0); }
+ )
+ ),
+ planetaryRotationPeriod_
+ (
+ coeffs_.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "planetaryRotationPeriod",
+ 23.9344694,
+ [&](const scalar x){ return x > SMALL; }
+ )
+ ),
+ Omega_
+ (
+ dimensionedVector
+ (
+ dimless/dimTime,
+ coeffs_.getOrDefault<vector>
+ (
+ "Omega",
+ planetaryRotationVector()
+ )
+ )
+ )
+{
+ if (mag(Omega_.value()) < SMALL)
+ {
+ WarningInFunction
+ << "The magnitude of the rotation vector in atmCoriolisUSource is "
+ << "effectively zero, mag(Omega) = " << mag(Omega_.value()) << nl
+ << "Please check input values in atmCoriolisUSource settings."
+ << endl;
+ }
+
+ fieldNames_.setSize(1, "U");
+
+ applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false);
+
+ Log << " Applying atmCoriolisUSource to: " << fieldNames_[0] << endl;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::atmCoriolisUSource::addSup
+(
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ const volVectorField& U = eqn.psi();
+
+ if (V_ > VSMALL)
+ {
+ eqn -= (2.0*Omega_)^U;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmCoriolisUSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ const volVectorField& U = eqn.psi();
+
+ if (V_ > VSMALL)
+ {
+ eqn -= rho*((2.0*Omega_)^U);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmCoriolisUSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ const volVectorField& U = eqn.psi();
+
+ if (V_ > VSMALL)
+ {
+ eqn -= alpha*rho*((2.0*Omega_)^U);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmCoriolisUSource/atmCoriolisUSource.H b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmCoriolisUSource/atmCoriolisUSource.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..707fa79acb6f65f03df50e92336e2327b914501d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmCoriolisUSource/atmCoriolisUSource.H
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 CENER
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::fv::atmCoriolisUSource
+
+Group
+ grpAtmFvOptions
+
+Description
+ Applies corrections to incorporate the horizontal and vertical components
+ of the Coriolis force for which the rotating frame is Earth.
+
+ Corrections applied on:
+ \verbatim
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ The Coriolis force is an inertial or fictitious force that acts on
+ objects that are in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with
+ respect to an inertial frame.
+
+ In the atmospheric boundary layer context, for the "Coriolis effect",
+ the rotating reference frame implied is almost always Earth.
+ Because Earth spins, Earth-bound observers need to account for the
+ Coriolis force to correctly analyze the motion of objects. Earth
+ completes one rotation per day, so for motions of everyday objects the
+ Coriolis force is usually quite small compared with other forces; its
+ effects generally become noticeable only for motions occurring over large
+ distances and long periods of time, such as large-scale movement of air in
+ the atmosphere or water in the ocean. Such motions are constrained by the
+ surface of Earth, so only the horizontal component of the Coriolis
+ force is generally important.
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Coriolis force. (n.d.).
+ In Wikipedia. Retrieved Feb 26, 2020, from https://w.wiki/JE5
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
+ \verbatim
+ atmCoriolisUSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmCoriolisUSource;
+
+ atmCoriolisUSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ selectionMode all;
+
+ // Conditional mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ // Option-1: to directly input rotation vector
+ Omega (0 0 5.65156e-5);
+
+ // Option-2: to indirectly input rotation vector
+ // by a latitude-period pair
+ latitude 51.971;
+ planetaryRotationPeriod 23.9344694;
+ }
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmCoriolisUSource | word | yes | -
+ latitude | Geographic coordinate specifying the north–south <!--
+ --> position of a point on the surface of a planetary <!--
+ --> body [degree] | scalar | conditional | 0.0
+ planetaryRotationPeriod | Rotation period of the planetary body <!--
+ --> [h] | scalar | conditional | 23.9344694
+ Omega | Rotation vector of the rotating reference frame <!--
+ --> relative to the inertial frame [rad/s] <!--
+ --> | vector | conditional | (0 0 0)
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+
+Note
+ - Dimensional consistencies are hard-coded; therefore, no internal
+ check is performed for potential dimension inconsistencies.
+ - The magnitude of the \c latitude is limited to [0, 90], yet its value
+ is allowed to be negative for the southern hemisphere.
+ - The Coriolis force for cell whose volume is less than \c VSMALL is
+ equated to zero.
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmCoriolisUSource.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef atmCoriolisUSource_H
+#define atmCoriolisUSource_H
+
+#include "cellSetOption.H"
+#include "dimensionedVector.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmCoriolisUSource Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmCoriolisUSource
+:
+ public cellSetOption
+{
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Latitude on the planetary body
+ const scalar latitude_;
+
+ //- Rotation period of the planetary body
+ const scalar planetaryRotationPeriod_;
+
+ //- Planetary rotation vector
+ const dimensionedVector Omega_;
+
+
+ // Private Member Functions
+
+ //- Rotation vector of the planetary body
+ vector planetaryRotationVector() const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmCoriolisUSource");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from explicit source name and mesh
+ atmCoriolisUSource
+ (
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+ );
+
+ //- No copy construct
+ atmCoriolisUSource(const atmCoriolisUSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const atmCoriolisUSource&) = delete;
+
+
+ //- Destructor
+ virtual ~atmCoriolisUSource() = default;
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to incompressible momentum equation
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to compressible momentum equation
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to phase momentum equation
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Read source dictionary
+ virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict)
+ {
+ return true;
+ }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace fv
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSource.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSource.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f22c8886f2b26713fa068eca44fbd0e9fdf5ccba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSource.C
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmLengthScaleTurbSource.H"
+#include "geometricOneField.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+ defineTypeNameAndDebug(atmLengthScaleTurbSource, 0);
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, atmLengthScaleTurbSource, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField::Internal>Foam::fv::atmLengthScaleTurbSource::
+calcC1Star
+(
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& epsilon
+) const
+{
+ // Mixing-length scale estimation (P:Eq. 10.37 & p. 374)
+ tmp<volScalarField::Internal> L_(pow(Cmu_, 0.75)*pow(k, 1.5)/epsilon);
+
+ // (AC:Eq. 16) wherein the exponentiation "n_" is not present.
+ // "n_" is an ad-hoc implementation.
+ return (C2_ - C1_)*pow(L_/Lmax_, n_);
+}
+
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField::Internal> Foam::fv::atmLengthScaleTurbSource::
+calcGammaStar
+(
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& omega,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& gamma,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& beta
+) const
+{
+ // (L:Eq. 3.20)
+ tmp<volScalarField::Internal> L_(sqrt(k)/(pow025(Cmu_)*omega));
+
+ // (L:Eq. 3.34)
+ return (gamma - beta)*pow(L_/Lmax_, n_);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::fv::atmLengthScaleTurbSource::atmLengthScaleTurbSource
+(
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+)
+:
+ cellSetOption(sourceName, modelType, dict, mesh),
+ isEpsilon_(true),
+ rhoName_(coeffs_.getOrDefault<word>("rho", "rho")),
+ Lmax_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ dimLength,
+ coeffs_.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "Lmax",
+ 41.575,
+ [&](const scalar Lmax){ return Lmax > SMALL; }
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ n_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ dimless,
+ coeffs_.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "n",
+ 3.0,
+ [&](const scalar n){ return n > SMALL; }
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ Cmu_(Zero),
+ C1_(Zero),
+ C2_(Zero),
+ C3_(Zero)
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ if (!turbPtr)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find a turbulence model."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ fieldNames_.setSize(1, "undefined");
+
+ tmp<volScalarField> tepsilon = turbPtr->epsilon();
+ tmp<volScalarField> tomega = turbPtr->omega();
+
+ if (!tepsilon.isTmp())
+ {
+ fieldNames_[0] = tepsilon().name();
+
+ const dictionary& turbDict = turbPtr->coeffDict();
+ Cmu_.read("Cmu", turbDict);
+ C1_.read("C1", turbDict);
+ C2_.read("C2", turbDict);
+ C3_.read("C3", turbDict);
+ }
+ else if (!tomega.isTmp())
+ {
+ isEpsilon_ = false;
+ fieldNames_[0] = tomega().name();
+
+ const dictionary& turbDict = turbPtr->coeffDict();
+ Cmu_.read("betaStar", turbDict);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find neither epsilon nor omega field." << nl
+ << "atmLengthScaleTurbSource needs either epsilon or omega field."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false);
+
+ Log << " Applying atmLengthScaleTurbSource to: " << fieldNames_[0]
+ << endl;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::atmLengthScaleTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceEpsilon
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceOmega
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmLengthScaleTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceEpsilon(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceOmega(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmLengthScaleTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceEpsilon(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceOmega(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSource.H b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSource.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a164887f869db9cad599fc6bcd8286ad0a452e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSource.H
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::fv::atmLengthScaleTurbSource
+
+Group
+ grpFvOptionsSources
+
+Description
+ Applies sources on either \c epsilon or \c omega to correct
+ mixing-length scale estimations for atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ Corrections applied to either of the below, if exist:
+ \verbatim
+ epsilon | Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate [m2/s3]
+ omega | Specific dissipation rate [1/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields, either of the below:
+ \verbatim
+ epsilon | Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate [m2/s3]
+ omega | Specific dissipation rate [1/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Mixing-length scale limiter for epsilon (tag:AC):
+ Apsley, D. D., & Castro, I. P. (1997).
+ A limited-length-scale k-ε model for the neutral and
+ stably-stratified atmospheric boundary layer.
+ Boundary-layer meteorology, 83(1), 75-98.
+ DOI:10.1023/A:100025221
+
+ Mixing-length scale limiter for omega (tag:L):
+ Langner, J. (2016).
+ Implementierung und validierung von RANS-modellen der
+ thermisch geschichteten, atmosphärischen grenzschicht.
+ Masterarbeit zum thema, Technische Universität Berlin.
+
+ Mixing-length scale estimation (tag:P):
+ Pope, S. B. (2000).
+ Turbulent flows.
+ Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
+ DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511840531
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
+ \verbatim
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmLengthScaleTurbSource;
+
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ selectionMode all;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ rho rho;
+ Lmax 41.575;
+ n 3.0;
+ }
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmLengthScaleTurbSource | word | yes | -
+ rho | Name of density field | word | no | rho
+ Lmax | Maximum mixing-length scale [m] | scalar | no | 41.575
+ n | Mixing-length scale exponent | scalar | no | 3.0
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+
+See also
+ - cellSetOption.H
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSource.C
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceTemplates.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef fv_atmLengthScaleTurbSource_H
+#define fv_atmLengthScaleTurbSource_H
+
+#include "cellSetOption.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmLengthScaleTurbSource Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmLengthScaleTurbSource
+:
+ public cellSetOption
+{
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Internal flag to determine the working field is epsilon or omega
+ bool isEpsilon_;
+
+ //- Name of density field
+ const word rhoName_;
+
+ //- Maximum mixing-length scale [m]
+ const dimensionedScalar Lmax_;
+
+ //- Mixing-length scale exponent
+ const dimensionedScalar n_;
+
+ //- Required turbulence model coefficients (copied from turb model)
+ dimensionedScalar Cmu_;
+ dimensionedScalar C1_;
+ dimensionedScalar C2_;
+ dimensionedScalar C3_;
+
+
+ // Private Member Functions
+
+ //- Return mixing-length scale modifier for epsilon-based models
+ tmp<volScalarField::Internal> calcC1Star
+ (
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& epsilon
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Return mixing-length scale modifier for omega-based models
+ tmp<volScalarField::Internal> calcGammaStar
+ (
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& omega,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& gamma,
+ const volScalarField::Internal& beta
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Apply atmLengthScaleTurbSource to epsilon
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmLengthScaleTurbSourceEpsilon
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Apply atmLengthScaleTurbSource to omega
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmLengthScaleTurbSourceOmega
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmLengthScaleTurbSource");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from explicit source name and mesh
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSource
+ (
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+ );
+
+ //- No copy construct
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSource(const atmLengthScaleTurbSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const atmLengthScaleTurbSource&) = delete;
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for incompressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for compressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for multiphase flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Read source dictionary (effectively no-op)
+ virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict)
+ {
+ return true;
+ }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace fv
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+ #include "atmLengthScaleTurbSourceTemplates.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSourceTemplates.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSourceTemplates.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..507bbd3578a35f5ca9bf4431d4aecd9775f311e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmLengthScaleTurbSource/atmLengthScaleTurbSourceTemplates.C
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmLengthScaleTurbSource.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmLengthScaleTurbSource::atmLengthScaleTurbSourceEpsilon
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ // Fetch required fields from the epsilon-based model
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k = turbPtr->k()();
+ const volScalarField::Internal& epsilon = turbPtr->epsilon()();
+ const volScalarField::Internal& GbyNu =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":GbyNu")
+ );
+
+ eqn += alpha()*rho()*calcC1Star(k, epsilon)*GbyNu*Cmu_*k;
+}
+
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmLengthScaleTurbSource::atmLengthScaleTurbSourceOmega
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ // Fetch required fields from the omega-based model
+ const volScalarField::Internal& k = turbPtr->k()();
+ const volScalarField::Internal& omega = turbPtr->omega()();
+ const volScalarField::Internal& GbyNu =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":GbyNu")
+ );
+ const volScalarField::Internal& gamma =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":gamma")
+ );
+ const volScalarField::Internal& beta =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":beta")
+ );
+
+ eqn += alpha()*rho()*calcGammaStar(k, omega, gamma, beta)*GbyNu;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmNutSource/atmNutSource.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmNutSource/atmNutSource.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a558d9678107cae05f602e7c1a502fb6d10b656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmNutSource/atmNutSource.C
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmNutSource.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+ defineTypeNameAndDebug(atmNutSource, 0);
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, atmNutSource, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::fv::atmNutSource::atmNutSource
+(
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+)
+:
+ cellSetOption(sourceName, modelType, dict, mesh),
+ artNutName_(dict.getOrDefault<word>("nut", "artNut")),
+ artNut_
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ artNutName_,
+ mesh.time().timeName(),
+ mesh,
+ IOobject::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+ IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+ ),
+ mesh,
+ dimensionedScalar(sqr(dimLength)/dimTime, Zero)
+ )
+{
+ if (!(artNut_.headerOk()))
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find artificial turbulent viscosity field." << nl
+ << "atmNutSource requires an artificial nut field."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ if (!turbPtr)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find a turbulence model."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ fieldNames_.setSize(1, "undefined");
+
+ const tmp<volScalarField>& tnut = turbPtr->nut();
+
+ if (!tnut.isTmp())
+ {
+ fieldNames_[0] = tnut().name();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find nut field." << nl
+ << "atmNutSource requires nut field."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false);
+
+ Log << " Applying atmNutSource to: " << fieldNames_[0] << endl;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::atmNutSource::correct(volScalarField& field)
+{
+ Log << this->name() << ": correcting " << field.name() << endl;
+
+ field += artNut_;
+
+ field.correctBoundaryConditions();
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmNutSource/atmNutSource.H b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmNutSource/atmNutSource.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60b562a966ffcc08fe8a83c398f396b4617f8edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmNutSource/atmNutSource.H
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::fv::atmNutSource
+
+Group
+ grpFvOptionsSources
+
+Description
+ Adds/subtracts a given artificial turbulent viscosity field to/from \c nut
+ for atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ Corrections applied to:
+ \verbatim
+ nut | Turbulent viscosity [m2/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ nut | Turbulent viscosity [m2/s]
+ artNut | Artificial turbulent viscosity [m2/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
+ \verbatim
+ atmNutSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmNutSource;
+
+ atmNutSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ selectionMode all;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ nut artNut;
+ }
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmNutSource | word | yes | -
+ nut | Field name of artificial nut | word | no | artNut
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmNutSource.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef fv_atmNutSource_H
+#define fv_atmNutSource_H
+
+#include "cellSetOption.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmNutSource Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmNutSource
+:
+ public cellSetOption
+{
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Name of the artificial turbulent viscosity field
+ const word artNutName_;
+
+
+ // Fields
+
+ //- Artificial turbulent viscosity field [m2/s]
+ volScalarField artNut_;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmNutSource");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from explicit source name and mesh
+ atmNutSource
+ (
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+ );
+
+ //- No copy construct
+ atmNutSource(const atmNutSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const atmNutSource&) = delete;
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Correct the turbulent viscosity
+ virtual void correct(volScalarField& field);
+
+ //- Read source dictionary (effectively no-op)
+ virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict)
+ {
+ return true;
+ }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace fv
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTSource/atmPlantCanopyTSource.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTSource/atmPlantCanopyTSource.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae907dc9bd93fada68810c74d794fe0e7e5085cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTSource/atmPlantCanopyTSource.C
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmPlantCanopyTSource.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+ defineTypeNameAndDebug(atmPlantCanopyTSource, 0);
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, atmPlantCanopyTSource, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTSource::atmPlantCanopyTSource
+(
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+)
+:
+ cellSetOption(sourceName, modelType, dict, mesh),
+ rhoName_(coeffs_.getOrDefault<word>("rho", "rho")),
+ Cp0_
+ (
+ dimensionedScalar
+ (
+ sqr(dimLength)/sqr(dimTime)/dimTemperature,
+ coeffs_.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>
+ (
+ "Cp0",
+ 1005.0,
+ scalarMinMax::ge(SMALL)
+ )
+ )
+ ),
+ qPlant_
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ "qPlant",
+ mesh.time().timeName(),
+ mesh,
+ IOobject::MUST_READ,
+ IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+ ),
+ mesh
+ )
+{
+ fieldNames_.setSize(1, "T");
+
+ applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false);
+
+ Log << " Applying atmPlantCanopyTSource to: " << fieldNames_[0] << endl;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTSource::addSup
+(
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (V_ > VSMALL)
+ {
+ eqn -= -qPlant_/Cp0_;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (V_ > VSMALL)
+ {
+ eqn -= -rho*qPlant_/Cp0_;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (V_ > VSMALL)
+ {
+ eqn -= -alpha*rho*qPlant_/Cp0_;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTSource/atmPlantCanopyTSource.H b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTSource/atmPlantCanopyTSource.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5305ab41e17603d28e8c18cd0ff58068f95c7c02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTSource/atmPlantCanopyTSource.H
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTSource
+
+Group
+ grpFvOptionsSources
+
+Description
+ Applies sources on temperature \c T to incorporate effects
+ of plant canopy for atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ Corrections applied to:
+ \verbatim
+ T | Temperature [K]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ T | Temperature [K]
+ qPlant | Heat flux [m2/s3]
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
+ \verbatim
+ atmPlantCanopyTSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmPlantCanopyTSource;
+
+ atmPlantCanopyTSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ selectionMode all;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ rho rho;
+ Cp0 1005.0;
+ }
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmPlantCanopyTSource | word | yes | -
+ rho | Name of density field | word | no | rho
+ Cp0 | Specific heat capacity [m2/s2/K] | scalar | no | 1005.0
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmPlantCanopyTSource.C
+ atmPlantCanopyTSourceTemplates.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef fv_atmPlantCanopyTSource_H
+#define fv_atmPlantCanopyTSource_H
+
+#include "cellSetOption.H"
+#include "fvMatrices.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmPlantCanopyTSource Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmPlantCanopyTSource
+:
+ public cellSetOption
+{
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Name of density field
+ const word rhoName_;
+
+ //- Specific heat capacity
+ const dimensionedScalar Cp0_;
+
+ // Fields
+
+ //- Heat flux
+ volScalarField qPlant_;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmPlantCanopyTSource");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from explicit source name and mesh
+ atmPlantCanopyTSource
+ (
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+ );
+
+ //- No copy construct
+ atmPlantCanopyTSource(const atmPlantCanopyTSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const atmPlantCanopyTSource&) = delete;
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to temperature equation
+ //- for incompressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to temperature equation
+ //- for compressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to temperature equation
+ //- for multiphase flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Read source dictionary (effectively no-op)
+ virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict)
+ {
+ return true;
+ }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace fv
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..548b4dff83c05920ef36d7f6c5d1768b642a9fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.C
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+ defineTypeNameAndDebug(atmPlantCanopyTurbSource, 0);
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, atmPlantCanopyTurbSource, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::tmp<Foam::volScalarField::Internal>
+Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTurbSource::calcPlantCanopyTerm
+(
+ const volVectorField::Internal& U
+) const
+{
+ // (SP:Eq. 42)
+ return 12.0*Foam::sqrt(Cmu_)*plantCd_()*leafAreaDensity_()*mag(U);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTurbSource::atmPlantCanopyTurbSource
+(
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+)
+:
+ cellSetOption(sourceName, modelType, dict, mesh),
+ isEpsilon_(true),
+ rhoName_(coeffs_.getOrDefault<word>("rho", "rho")),
+ Cmu_(Zero),
+ C1_(Zero),
+ C2_(Zero),
+ plantCd_
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ "plantCd",
+ mesh.time().timeName(),
+ mesh,
+ IOobject::MUST_READ,
+ IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+ ),
+ mesh
+ ),
+ leafAreaDensity_
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ "leafAreaDensity",
+ mesh.time().timeName(),
+ mesh,
+ IOobject::MUST_READ,
+ IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+ ),
+ mesh
+ )
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+
+ if (!turbPtr)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find a turbulence model."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ fieldNames_.setSize(1, "undefined");
+
+ tmp<volScalarField> tepsilon = turbPtr->epsilon();
+ tmp<volScalarField> tomega = turbPtr->omega();
+
+ if (!tepsilon.isTmp())
+ {
+ fieldNames_[0] = tepsilon().name();
+
+ const dictionary& turbDict = turbPtr->coeffDict();
+ Cmu_.read("Cmu", turbDict);
+ C1_.read("C1", turbDict);
+ C2_.read("C2", turbDict);
+ }
+ else if (!tomega.isTmp())
+ {
+ isEpsilon_ = false;
+ fieldNames_[0] = tomega().name();
+
+ const dictionary& turbDict = turbPtr->coeffDict();
+ Cmu_.read("betaStar", turbDict);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unable to find neither epsilon nor omega field." << nl
+ << "atmPlantCanopyTurbSource needs either epsilon or omega field."
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false);
+
+ Log << " Applying atmPlantCanopyTurbSource to: " << fieldNames_[0]
+ << endl;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceEpsilon
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceOmega
+ (
+ geometricOneField(),
+ geometricOneField(),
+ eqn,
+ fieldi
+ );
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceEpsilon(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceOmega(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTurbSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ if (isEpsilon_)
+ {
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceEpsilon(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceOmega(alpha, rho, eqn, fieldi);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.H b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..432289c088341b61e13c00b2bc220ec8a862e29e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.H
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTurbSource
+
+Group
+ grpFvOptionsSources
+
+Description
+ Applies sources on either \c epsilon or \c omega to incorporate effects
+ of plant canopy for atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ Corrections applied to either of the below, if exist:
+ \verbatim
+ epsilon | Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate [m2/s3]
+ omega | Specific dissipation rate [1/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ epsilon/omega | Dissipation rate OR specific dissipation rate [m2/s3]/[1/s]
+ plantCd | Plant canopy drag coefficient [-]
+ leafAreaDensity | Leaf area density [1/m]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Influence of forest (tag:SP):
+ Sogachev, A., & Panferov, O. (2006).
+ Modification of two-equation models to account for plant drag.
+ Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 121(2), 229-266.
+ DOI:10.1007/s10546-006-9073-5
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
+ \verbatim
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmPlantCanopyTurbSource;
+
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ selectionMode all;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ rho rho;
+ }
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmPlantCanopyTurbSource | word | yes | -
+ rho | Name of density field | word | no | rho
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.C
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceTemplates.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef fv_atmPlantCanopyTurbSource_H
+#define fv_atmPlantCanopyTurbSource_H
+
+#include "cellSetOption.H"
+#include "turbulentTransportModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmPlantCanopyTurbSource Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmPlantCanopyTurbSource
+:
+ public cellSetOption
+{
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Internal flag to determine the working field is epsilon or omega
+ Switch isEpsilon_;
+
+ //- Name of density field
+ const word rhoName_;
+
+ //- Required turbulence model coefficients (copied from turb model)
+ dimensionedScalar Cmu_;
+ dimensionedScalar C1_;
+ dimensionedScalar C2_;
+
+
+ // Fields
+
+ //- Plant canopy drag coefficient field [-]
+ volScalarField plantCd_;
+
+ //- Leaf area density field [1/m]
+ volScalarField leafAreaDensity_;
+
+
+ // Private Member Functions
+
+ //- Return the modifier for plant canopy effects
+ tmp<volScalarField::Internal> calcPlantCanopyTerm
+ (
+ const volVectorField::Internal& U
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Apply atmPlantCanopyTurbSource to epsilon
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceEpsilon
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Apply atmPlantCanopyTurbSource to omega
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceOmega
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ ) const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmPlantCanopyTurbSource");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from explicit source name and mesh
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSource
+ (
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+ );
+
+ //- No copy construct
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSource(const atmPlantCanopyTurbSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const atmPlantCanopyTurbSource&) = delete;
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for incompressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for compressible flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to epsilon or omega equation
+ //- for multiphase flow computations
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Read source dictionary (effectively no-op)
+ virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict)
+ {
+ return true;
+ }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace fv
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+ #include "atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceTemplates.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceTemplates.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceTemplates.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f95c3553645ee4e98157d3b7505751a37389fd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyTurbSource/atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceTemplates.C
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmPlantCanopyTurbSource.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTurbSource::atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceEpsilon
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+ const volScalarField& epsilon = turbPtr->epsilon();
+ const volVectorField::Internal& U = turbPtr->U()();
+
+ eqn -= fvm::Sp(alpha()*rho()*(C1_ - C2_)*calcPlantCanopyTerm(U), epsilon);
+}
+
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyTurbSource::atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceOmega
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<scalar>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+) const
+{
+ const auto* turbPtr =
+ mesh_.findObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName
+ );
+ const volScalarField& omega = turbPtr->omega();
+ const volVectorField::Internal& U = turbPtr->U()();
+ const volScalarField::Internal& gamma =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":gamma")
+ );
+ const volScalarField::Internal& beta =
+ mesh_.lookupObjectRef<volScalarField::Internal>
+ (
+ word(turbPtr->type() + ":beta")
+ );
+
+ eqn -= fvm::Sp(alpha()*rho()*(gamma - beta)*calcPlantCanopyTerm(U), omega);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyUSource/atmPlantCanopyUSource.C b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyUSource/atmPlantCanopyUSource.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ad1fdc3c610a51fb7983565183121a05451ad58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyUSource/atmPlantCanopyUSource.C
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmPlantCanopyUSource.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+ defineTypeNameAndDebug(atmPlantCanopyUSource, 0);
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, atmPlantCanopyUSource, dictionary);
+}
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyUSource::atmPlantCanopyUSource
+(
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+)
+:
+ cellSetOption(sourceName, modelType, dict, mesh),
+ rhoName_(coeffs_.getOrDefault<word>("rho", "rho")),
+ plantCd_
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ "plantCd",
+ mesh.time().timeName(),
+ mesh,
+ IOobject::MUST_READ,
+ IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+ ),
+ mesh
+ ),
+ leafAreaDensity_
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ "leafAreaDensity",
+ mesh.time().timeName(),
+ mesh,
+ IOobject::MUST_READ,
+ IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+ ),
+ mesh
+ )
+{
+ fieldNames_.setSize(1, "U");
+
+ applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false);
+
+ Log << " Applying atmPlantCanopyUSource to: " << fieldNames_[0] << endl;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyUSource::addSup
+(
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ const volVectorField& U = eqn.psi();
+
+ if (V_ > VSMALL)
+ {
+ // (SP:Eq. 42)
+ eqn -= (plantCd_*leafAreaDensity_*mag(U))*U;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyUSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ const volVectorField& U = eqn.psi();
+
+ if (V_ > VSMALL)
+ {
+ eqn -= rho*(plantCd_*leafAreaDensity_*mag(U))*U;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyUSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
+ const volVectorField& U = eqn.psi();
+
+ if (V_ > VSMALL)
+ {
+ eqn -= alpha*rho*(plantCd_*leafAreaDensity_*mag(U))*U;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyUSource/atmPlantCanopyUSource.H b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyUSource/atmPlantCanopyUSource.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db247f1c448581b141b5bceb1d584a6852e96a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/fvOptions/atmPlantCanopyUSource/atmPlantCanopyUSource.H
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::fv::atmPlantCanopyUSource
+
+Group
+ grpFvOptionsSources
+
+Description
+ Applies sources on velocity \c U to incorporate effects
+ of plant canopy for atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ Corrections applied to:
+ \verbatim
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ plantCd | Plant canopy drag coefficient [-]
+ leafAreaDensity | Leaf area density [1/m]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ References:
+ \verbatim
+ Influence of forest (tag:SP):
+ Sogachev, A., & Panferov, O. (2006).
+ Modification of two-equation models to account for plant drag.
+ Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 121(2), 229-266.
+ DOI:10.1007/s10546-006-9073-5
+ \endverbatim
+
+Usage
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
+ \verbatim
+ atmPlantCanopyUSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmPlantCanopyUSource;
+
+ atmPlantCanopyUSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ selectionMode all;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ rho rho;
+ }
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: atmPlantCanopyUSource | word | yes | -
+ rho | Name of density field | word | no | rho
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmPlantCanopyUSource.C
+ atmPlantCanopyUSourceTemplates.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef fv_atmPlantCanopyUSource_H
+#define fv_atmPlantCanopyUSource_H
+
+#include "cellSetOption.H"
+#include "fvMatrices.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace fv
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmPlantCanopyUSource Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmPlantCanopyUSource
+:
+ public cellSetOption
+{
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- Name of density field
+ const word rhoName_;
+
+
+ // Fields
+
+ //- Plant canopy drag coefficient field [-]
+ volScalarField plantCd_;
+
+ //- Leaf area density field [1/m]
+ volScalarField leafAreaDensity_;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmPlantCanopyUSource");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from explicit source name and mesh
+ atmPlantCanopyUSource
+ (
+ const word& sourceName,
+ const word& modelType,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ const fvMesh& mesh
+ );
+
+ //- No copy construct
+ atmPlantCanopyUSource(const atmPlantCanopyUSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const atmPlantCanopyUSource&) = delete;
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to momentum equation
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to compressible momentum equation
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Add explicit contribution to phase momentum equation
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
+ //- Read source dictionary (effectively no-op)
+ virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict)
+ {
+ return true;
+ }
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace fv
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSource.C b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSource.C
index 41573a47fc59bb9c3b51bd07d95b00df258338d2..5a76d847bcfaa1843feef6f52dc0ede8b8d7c6b8 100644
--- a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSource.C
+++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSource.C
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
\\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2018-2020 OpenCFD Ltd
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -26,8 +27,6 @@ License
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "actuationDiskSource.H"
-#include "fvMesh.H"
-#include "fvMatrix.H"
#include "geometricOneField.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
@@ -38,43 +37,113 @@ namespace Foam
namespace fv
{
defineTypeNameAndDebug(actuationDiskSource, 0);
- addToRunTimeSelectionTable
- (
- option,
- actuationDiskSource,
- dictionary
- );
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, actuationDiskSource, dictionary);
}
}
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+const Foam::Enum
+<
+ Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::forceMethodType
+>
+Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::forceMethodTypeNames
+({
+ { forceMethodType::FROUDE, "Froude" },
+ { forceMethodType::VARIABLE_SCALING, "variableScaling" },
+});
+
+
+const Foam::Enum
+<
+ Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::monitorMethodType
+>
+Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::monitorMethodTypeNames
+({
+ { monitorMethodType::POINTS, "points" },
+ { monitorMethodType::CELLSET, "cellSet" },
+});
-void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::checkData() const
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::writeFileHeader(Ostream& os)
{
- if (magSqr(diskArea_) <= VSMALL)
- {
- FatalErrorInFunction
- << "diskArea is approximately zero"
- << exit(FatalIOError);
- }
- if (Cp_ <= VSMALL || Ct_ <= VSMALL)
+ writeFile::writeHeader(os, "Actuation disk source");
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "Time");
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "Uref");
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "Cp");
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "Ct");
+
+ if (forceMethod_ == forceMethodType::FROUDE)
{
- FatalErrorInFunction
- << "Cp and Ct must be greater than zero"
- << exit(FatalIOError);
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "a");
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "T");
}
- if (mag(diskDir_) < VSMALL)
+ else if (forceMethod_ == forceMethodType::VARIABLE_SCALING)
{
- FatalErrorInFunction
- << "disk direction vector is approximately zero"
- << exit(FatalIOError);
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "Udisk");
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "CpStar");
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "CtStar");
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "T");
+ writeFile::writeCommented(os, "P");
}
- if (returnReduce(upstreamCellId_, maxOp<label>()) == -1)
+
+ os << endl;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::setMonitorCells(const dictionary& subDict)
+{
+ switch (monitorMethod_)
{
- FatalErrorInFunction
- << "upstream location " << upstreamPoint_ << " not found in mesh"
- << exit(FatalIOError);
+ case monitorMethodType::POINTS:
+ {
+ Info<< " - selecting cells using points" << endl;
+
+ labelHashSet selectedCells;
+
+ List<point> monitorPoints;
+ subDict.readEntry("points", monitorPoints);
+
+ for (const auto& monitorPoint : monitorPoints)
+ {
+ const label celli = mesh_.findCell(monitorPoint);
+ if (celli >= 0)
+ {
+ selectedCells.insert(celli);
+ }
+
+ const label globalCelli = returnReduce(celli, maxOp<label>());
+ if (globalCelli < 0)
+ {
+ WarningInFunction
+ << "Unable to find owner cell for point "
+ << monitorPoint << endl;
+ }
+ }
+
+ monitorCells_ = selectedCells.sortedToc();
+ break;
+ }
+ case monitorMethodType::CELLSET:
+ {
+ Info<< " - selecting cells using cellSet "
+ << cellSetName_ << endl;
+
+ monitorCells_ = cellSet(mesh_, cellSetName_).sortedToc();
+ break;
+ }
+ default:
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Unknown type for monitoring of incoming velocity"
+ << monitorMethodTypeNames[monitorMethod_]
+ << ". Valid monitor method types : "
+ << monitorMethodTypeNames
+ << exit(FatalError);
+ }
}
}
@@ -90,22 +159,64 @@ Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::actuationDiskSource
)
:
cellSetOption(name, modelType, dict, mesh),
- diskDir_(coeffs_.get<vector>("diskDir")),
- Cp_(coeffs_.get<scalar>("Cp")),
- Ct_(coeffs_.get<scalar>("Ct")),
- diskArea_(coeffs_.get<scalar>("diskArea")),
- upstreamPoint_(coeffs_.get<point>("upstreamPoint")),
- upstreamCellId_(-1)
+ writeFile(mesh, name, modelType, dict),
+ forceMethod_
+ (
+ forceMethodTypeNames.getOrDefault
+ (
+ "variant",
+ dict,
+ forceMethodType::FROUDE
+ )
+ ),
+ monitorMethod_
+ (
+ monitorMethodTypeNames.get
+ (
+ "monitorMethod",
+ dict
+ )
+ ),
+ sink_
+ (
+ dict.getOrDefault<bool>("sink", true)
+ ? 1
+ : -1
+ ),
+ writeFileStart_(dict.getOrDefault<scalar>("writeFileStart", 0)),
+ writeFileEnd_(dict.getOrDefault<scalar>("writeFileEnd", VGREAT)),
+ diskArea_
+ (
+ dict.getCheck<scalar>
+ (
+ "diskArea",
+ scalarMinMax::ge(VSMALL)
+ )
+ ),
+ diskDir_
+ (
+ dict.getCheck<vector>
+ (
+ "diskDir",
+ [&](const vector& vec){ return mag(vec) > VSMALL; }
+ ).normalise()
+ ),
+ UvsCpPtr_(Function1<scalar>::New("Cp", dict)),
+ UvsCtPtr_(Function1<scalar>::New("Ct", dict)),
+ monitorCells_()
{
- coeffs_.readEntry("fields", fieldNames_);
+ setMonitorCells((dict.subDict("monitorCoeffs")));
+
+ fieldNames_.setSize(1, "U");
+
applied_.setSize(fieldNames_.size(), false);
- Info<< " - creating actuation disk zone: "
- << this->name() << endl;
+ Info<< " - creating actuation disk zone: " << this->name() << endl;
- upstreamCellId_ = mesh.findCell(upstreamPoint_);
+ Info<< " - force computation method: "
+ << forceMethodTypeNames[forceMethod_] << endl;
- checkData();
+ writeFileHeader(file());
}
@@ -117,20 +228,9 @@ void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::addSup
const label fieldi
)
{
- const scalarField& cellsV = mesh_.V();
- vectorField& Usource = eqn.source();
- const vectorField& U = eqn.psi();
-
if (V() > VSMALL)
{
- addActuationDiskAxialInertialResistance
- (
- Usource,
- cells_,
- cellsV,
- geometricOneField(),
- U
- );
+ calc(geometricOneField(), geometricOneField(), eqn);
}
}
@@ -142,34 +242,53 @@ void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::addSup
const label fieldi
)
{
- const scalarField& cellsV = mesh_.V();
- vectorField& Usource = eqn.source();
- const vectorField& U = eqn.psi();
+ if (V() > VSMALL)
+ {
+ calc(geometricOneField(), rho, eqn);
+ }
+}
+
+void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::addSup
+(
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+)
+{
if (V() > VSMALL)
{
- addActuationDiskAxialInertialResistance
- (
- Usource,
- cells_,
- cellsV,
- rho,
- U
- );
+ calc(alpha, rho, eqn);
}
}
bool Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::read(const dictionary& dict)
{
- if (cellSetOption::read(dict))
+ if (cellSetOption::read(dict) && writeFile::read(dict))
{
- coeffs_.readIfPresent("diskDir", diskDir_);
- coeffs_.readIfPresent("Cp", Cp_);
- coeffs_.readIfPresent("Ct", Ct_);
- coeffs_.readIfPresent("diskArea", diskArea_);
+ dict.readIfPresent("sink", sink_);
+ dict.readIfPresent("writeFileStart", writeFileStart_);
+ dict.readIfPresent("writeFileEnd", writeFileEnd_);
+ dict.readIfPresent("diskArea", diskArea_);
+ if (diskArea_ < VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Actuator disk has zero area: "
+ << "diskArea = " << diskArea_
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
- checkData();
+ dict.readIfPresent("diskDir", diskDir_);
+ diskDir_.normalise();
+ if (mag(diskDir_) < VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Actuator disk surface-normal vector is zero: "
+ << "diskDir = " << diskDir_
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
return true;
}
diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSource.H b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSource.H
index 26aee3c976162a29993566b775848e37542cfa74..dac5801c8d213af178370a21a37dc3c100f64039 100644
--- a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSource.H
+++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSource.H
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
\\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -30,36 +31,175 @@ Group
grpFvOptionsSources
Description
- Actuation disk source
+ Applies sources on \c U to enable actuator disk models for aero/hydro thrust
+ loading of horizontal axis turbines on surrounding flow field in
+ terms of energy conversion processes.
- Constant values for momentum source for actuation disk
+ Corrections applied to:
+ \verbatim
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ \endverbatim
+
+ Available options for force computations:
+ \verbatim
+ Froude | Froude's one-dimensional ideal actuator disk method
+ variableScaling | Variable-scaling actuator disk method
+ \endverbatim
+
+ The expressions for \c Froude method:
\f[
- T = 2 \rho A U_{o}^2 a (1-a)
+ T = 2 \rho A | \vec{U_o} \cdot \vec{n} |^2 a (1-a)
\f]
- and
+ with
\f[
- U_1 = (1 - a)U_{o}
+ a = 1 - \frac{C_p}{C_T}
\f]
+ where
+ \vartable
+ T | Thrust magnitude
+ \rho | Monitored incoming fluid density
+ A | Actuator disk planar surface area
+ \vec{U_o} | Incoming velocity spatial-averaged on monitored region
+ \vec{n} | Surface-normal vector of the actuator disk pointing upstream
+ a | Axial induction factor
+ C_p | Power coefficient
+ C_T | Thrust coefficient
+ \endvartable
- where:
+ The expressions for \c variableScaling method:
+ \f[
+ T = 0.5 \rho A | \vec{U_m} \cdot \vec{n} |^2 C_T^*
+ \f]
+ with
+ \f[
+ C_T^* = C_T \left( \frac{ |\vec{U_{ref}}| }{ |\vec{U_m}| } \right)^2
+ \f]
+ where
\vartable
- A | disk area
- U_o | upstream velocity
- a | 1 - Cp/Ct
- U_1 | velocity at the disk
+ T | Thrust magnitude
+ \rho | Monitored incoming fluid density
+ A | Actuator disk planar surface area
+ \vec{U_m} | Incoming velocity spatial-averaged on actuator disk
+ \vec{n} | Surface-normal vector of the actuator disk pointing upstream
+ \vec{U_{ref}} | Incoming velocity spatial-averaged on monitored region
+ C_T | Thrust coefficient
+ C_T^* | Calibrated thrust coefficient
\endvartable
+ Reference
+ \verbatim
+ Froude's one-dimensional ideal actuator disk (tags:F,BJSB):
+ Froude, R. E. (1889).
+ On the part played in propulsion by differences of fluid pressure.
+ Trans. Inst. Naval Architects, 30, 390.
+
+ Burton, T., Jenkins, N., Sharpe, D., & Bossanyi, E. (2011).
+ Wind energy handbook, 2nd edition.
+ Chichester, the United Kingdom. John Wiley & Sons.
+ Print ISBN:978-0-470-69975-1
+ DOI:10.1002/9781119992714
+
+ Variable-scaling method (tags:LSRMKT,LS):
+ van der Laan, M. P., Sørensen, N. N., Réthoré, P. E.,
+ Mann, J., Kelly, M. C., & Troldborg, N. (2015).
+ The kâ€Îµâ€fP model applied to double wind turbine
+ wakes using different actuator disk force methods.
+ Wind Energy, 18(12), 2223-2240.
+ DOI:10.1002/we.1816
+
+ van der Laan, M. P., Sørensen, N. N., Réthoré, P. E., Mann, J.,
+ Kelly, M. C., Troldborg, N., Hansen, K. S., & Murcia, J. P. (2015).
+ The kâ€Îµâ€fP model applied to wind farms.
+ Wind Energy, 18(12), 2065-2084.
+ DOI:10.1002/we.1804
+ \endverbatim
+
Usage
- Example usage:
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
+ \verbatim
+ actuationDiskSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type actuationDiskSource;
+ monitorMethod <points|cellSet>;
+ monitorCoeffs
+ {
+ // Option-1
+ points
+ (
+ (p1x p1y p1z)
+ (p2x p2y p2z)
+ ...
+ );
+
+ // Option-2
+ cellSet <monitorCellSet>;
+ }
+
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ selectionMode <mode>; // e.g. cellSet as shown below
+ cellSet <cellSetName>;
+
+ // Mandatory entries (runtime modifiable)
+ diskArea 40.0;
+ diskDir (1 0 0);
+ Cp <Function1>;
+ Ct <Function1>;
+
+ // Optional entries (unmodifiable)
+ variant <forceMethod>;
+
+ // Optional entries (runtime modifiable)
+ sink true;
+ writeFileStart 0;
+ writeFileEnd 100;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: actuationDiskSource | word | yes | -
+ diskArea | Actuator disk planar surface area [m2] | scalar | yes | -
+ diskDir | Surface-normal vector of the actuator disk <!--
+ --> pointing upstream | vector | yes | -
+ Cp | Power coefficient | Function1 | yes | -
+ Ct | Thrust coefficient | Function1 | yes | -
+ monitorMethod | Type of incoming velocity monitoring method <!--
+ --> - see below | word | yes | -
+ variant | Type of the force computation method - see below <!--
+ --> | word | no | Froude
+ sink | Flag for body forces to act as a source (true) <!--
+ --> or a sink (false) | bool | no | true
+ writeFileStart | Start time for file output | scalar | no | 0
+ writeFileEnd | End time for file output | scalar | no | VGREAT
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+ - \link writeFile.H \endlink
+ - \link Function1.H \endlink
+
+ Options for the \c monitorMethod entry:
\verbatim
- fields (U); // names of fields to apply source
- diskDir (-1 0 0); // disk direction
- Cp 0.1; // power coefficient
- Ct 0.5; // thrust coefficient
- diskArea 5.0; // disk area
- upstreamPoint (0 0 0); // upstream point
+ points | Monitor incoming velocity field at a given set of points
+ cellSet | Monitor incoming velocity field at a given cellSet
\endverbatim
+ Options for the \c variant entry:
+ \verbatim
+ Froude | Froude's one-dimensional ideal actuator disk method
+ variableScaling | Variable-scaling actuator disk method
+ \endverbatim
SourceFiles
actuationDiskSource.C
@@ -71,6 +211,8 @@ SourceFiles
#define actuationDiskSource_H
#include "cellSetOption.H"
+#include "writeFile.H"
+#include "Function1.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
@@ -85,55 +227,107 @@ namespace fv
class actuationDiskSource
:
- public cellSetOption
+ public cellSetOption,
+ public functionObjects::writeFile
{
protected:
- // Protected data
+ // Protected Enumerations
- //- Disk area normal
- vector diskDir_;
+ //- Options for the force computation method types
+ enum forceMethodType
+ {
+ FROUDE, //!< "Froude's ideal actuator disk method"
+ VARIABLE_SCALING, //!< "Variable-scaling actuator disk method"
+ };
+
+ //- Names for forceMethodType
+ static const Enum<forceMethodType> forceMethodTypeNames;
+
+ //- Options for the incoming velocity monitoring method types
+ enum monitorMethodType
+ {
+ POINTS, //!< "A set of points"
+ CELLSET //!< "A cellSet"
+ };
+
+ //- Names for monitorMethodType
+ static const Enum<monitorMethodType> monitorMethodTypeNames;
+
+
+ // Protected Data
+
+ //- The type of the force computation method
+ const enum forceMethodType forceMethod_;
- //- Power coefficient
- scalar Cp_;
+ //- The type of incoming velocity monitoring method
+ const enum monitorMethodType monitorMethod_;
- //- Thrust coefficient
- scalar Ct_;
+ //- Flag for body forces to act as a source (true) or a sink (false)
+ label sink_;
- //- Disk area
+ //- Start time for file output
+ scalar writeFileStart_;
+
+ //- End time for file output
+ scalar writeFileEnd_;
+
+ //- Actuator disk planar surface area [m2]
scalar diskArea_;
- //- Upstream point sample
- point upstreamPoint_;
+ //- Surface-normal vector of the actuator disk pointing upstream
+ vector diskDir_;
+
+ //- Velocity vs power coefficients
+ autoPtr<Function1<scalar>> UvsCpPtr_;
+
+ //- Velocity vs thrust coefficients
+ autoPtr<Function1<scalar>> UvsCtPtr_;
- //- Upstream cell ID
- label upstreamCellId_;
+ //- Set of cells whereat the incoming velocity is monitored
+ labelList monitorCells_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Output file header information
+ virtual void writeFileHeader(Ostream& os);
private:
// Private Member Functions
- //- Check data
- void checkData() const;
+ //- Locate the set of cells whereat the incoming velocity is monitored
+ void setMonitorCells(const dictionary& subDict);
- //- Add resistance to the UEqn
- template<class RhoFieldType>
- void addActuationDiskAxialInertialResistance
+ //- Compute the selected force computation method type
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void calc
(
- vectorField& Usource,
- const labelList& cells,
- const scalarField& V,
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
const RhoFieldType& rho,
- const vectorField& U
- ) const;
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn
+ );
- //- No copy construct
- actuationDiskSource(const actuationDiskSource&) = delete;
+ //- Compute Froude's ideal actuator disk method
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void calcFroudeMethod
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn
+ );
- //- No copy assignment
- void operator=(const actuationDiskSource&) = delete;
+ //- Compute variable-scaling actuator disk method
+ template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+ void calcVariableScalingMethod
+ (
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn
+ );
public:
@@ -153,6 +347,12 @@ public:
const fvMesh& mesh
);
+ //- No copy construct
+ actuationDiskSource(const actuationDiskSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const actuationDiskSource&) = delete;
+
//- Destructor
virtual ~actuationDiskSource() = default;
@@ -162,18 +362,6 @@ public:
// Access
- //- Return Cp
- scalar Cp() const
- {
- return Cp_;
- }
-
- //- Return Ct
- scalar Ct() const
- {
- return Ct_;
- }
-
//- Normal disk direction
const vector& diskDir() const
{
@@ -204,6 +392,15 @@ public:
const label fieldi
);
+ //- Source term to phase-compressible momentum equation
+ virtual void addSup
+ (
+ const volScalarField& alpha,
+ const volScalarField& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn,
+ const label fieldi
+ );
+
// IO
diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSourceTemplates.C b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSourceTemplates.C
index 779587aa7aaf74a1c1c49787bef41a16a95a9791..1d87ac2edcfd0ce812b1e4b91409ec5da42ede05 100644
--- a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSourceTemplates.C
+++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/actuationDiskSource/actuationDiskSourceTemplates.C
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
\\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
- Copyright (C) 2018 OpenCFD Ltd
+ Copyright (C) 2020 ENERCON GmbH
+ Copyright (C) 2018-2020 OpenCFD Ltd
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -27,38 +27,219 @@ License
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "actuationDiskSource.H"
+#include "fvMesh.H"
+#include "fvMatrix.H"
#include "volFields.H"
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
-template<class RhoFieldType>
-void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::addActuationDiskAxialInertialResistance
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::calc
(
- vectorField& Usource,
- const labelList& cells,
- const scalarField& Vcells,
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
const RhoFieldType& rho,
- const vectorField& U
-) const
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn
+)
{
- scalar a = 1.0 - Cp_/Ct_;
- vector uniDiskDir = diskDir_/mag(diskDir_);
+ switch (forceMethod_)
+ {
+ case forceMethodType::FROUDE:
+ {
+ calcFroudeMethod(alpha, rho, eqn);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case forceMethodType::VARIABLE_SCALING:
+ {
+ calcVariableScalingMethod(alpha, rho, eqn);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::calcFroudeMethod
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn
+)
+{
+ const vectorField& U = eqn.psi();
+ vectorField& Usource = eqn.source();
+ const scalarField& cellsV = mesh_.V();
+
+ // Compute upstream U and rho, spatial-averaged over monitor-region
+ vector Uref(Zero);
+ scalar rhoRef = 0.0;
+ label szMonitorCells = monitorCells_.size();
+
+ for (const auto& celli : monitorCells_)
+ {
+ Uref += U[celli];
+ rhoRef = rhoRef + rho[celli];
+ }
+ reduce(Uref, sumOp<vector>());
+ reduce(rhoRef, sumOp<scalar>());
+ reduce(szMonitorCells, sumOp<label>());
- vector upU = vector(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT);
- scalar upRho = VGREAT;
- if (upstreamCellId_ != -1)
+ if (szMonitorCells == 0)
{
- upU = U[upstreamCellId_];
- upRho = rho[upstreamCellId_];
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "No cell is available for incoming velocity monitoring."
+ << exit(FatalError);
}
- reduce(upU, minOp<vector>());
- reduce(upRho, minOp<scalar>());
- scalar T = 2.0*upRho*diskArea_*sqr(mag(upU & uniDiskDir))*a*(1 - a);
+ Uref /= szMonitorCells;
+ rhoRef /= szMonitorCells;
- for (const label celli : cells)
+ const scalar Ct = sink_*UvsCtPtr_->value(mag(Uref));
+ const scalar Cp = sink_*UvsCpPtr_->value(mag(Uref));
+
+ if (Cp <= VSMALL || Ct <= VSMALL)
{
- Usource[celli] += ((Vcells[celli]/V())*T)*uniDiskDir;
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Cp and Ct must be greater than zero." << nl
+ << "Cp = " << Cp << ", Ct = " << Ct
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+
+ // (BJSB:Eq. 3.9)
+ const scalar a = 1.0 - Cp/Ct;
+ const scalar T = 2.0*rhoRef*diskArea_*magSqr(Uref & diskDir_)*a*(1 - a);
+
+ for (const label celli : cells_)
+ {
+ Usource[celli] += ((cellsV[celli]/V())*T)*diskDir_;
+ }
+
+ if
+ (
+ mesh_.time().timeOutputValue() >= writeFileStart_
+ && mesh_.time().timeOutputValue() <= writeFileEnd_
+ )
+ {
+ Ostream& os = file();
+ writeCurrentTime(os);
+
+ os << Uref << tab << Cp << tab << Ct << tab << a << tab << T << tab
+ << endl;
+ }
+}
+
+
+template<class AlphaFieldType, class RhoFieldType>
+void Foam::fv::actuationDiskSource::calcVariableScalingMethod
+(
+ const AlphaFieldType& alpha,
+ const RhoFieldType& rho,
+ fvMatrix<vector>& eqn
+)
+{
+ const vectorField& U = eqn.psi();
+ vectorField& Usource = eqn.source();
+ const scalarField& cellsV = mesh_.V();
+
+ // Monitor and average monitor-region U and rho
+ vector Uref(Zero);
+ scalar rhoRef = 0.0;
+ label szMonitorCells = monitorCells_.size();
+
+ for (const auto& celli : monitorCells_)
+ {
+ Uref += U[celli];
+ rhoRef = rhoRef + rho[celli];
+ }
+ reduce(Uref, sumOp<vector>());
+ reduce(rhoRef, sumOp<scalar>());
+ reduce(szMonitorCells, sumOp<label>());
+
+ if (szMonitorCells == 0)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "No cell is available for incoming velocity monitoring."
+ << exit(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ Uref /= szMonitorCells;
+ const scalar magUref = mag(Uref);
+ rhoRef /= szMonitorCells;
+
+ // Monitor and average U and rho on actuator disk
+ vector Udisk(Zero);
+ scalar rhoDisk = 0.0;
+ scalar totalV = 0.0;
+
+ for (const auto& celli : cells_)
+ {
+ Udisk += U[celli]*cellsV[celli];
+ rhoDisk += rho[celli]*cellsV[celli];
+ totalV += cellsV[celli];
+ }
+ reduce(Udisk, sumOp<vector>());
+ reduce(rhoDisk, sumOp<scalar>());
+ reduce(totalV, sumOp<scalar>());
+
+ if (totalV < SMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "No cell in the actuator disk."
+ << exit(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ Udisk /= totalV;
+ const scalar magUdisk = mag(Udisk);
+ rhoDisk /= totalV;
+
+ if (mag(Udisk) < SMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Velocity spatial-averaged on actuator disk is zero." << nl
+ << "Please check if the initial U field is zero."
+ << exit(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ // Interpolated thrust/power coeffs from power/thrust curves
+ const scalar Ct = sink_*UvsCtPtr_->value(magUref);
+ const scalar Cp = sink_*UvsCpPtr_->value(magUref);
+
+ if (Cp <= VSMALL || Ct <= VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Cp and Ct must be greater than zero." << nl
+ << "Cp = " << Cp << ", Ct = " << Ct
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+
+ // Calibrated thrust/power coeffs from power/thrust curves (LSRMTK:Eq. 6)
+ const scalar CtStar = Ct*sqr(magUref/magUdisk);
+ const scalar CpStar = Cp*pow3(magUref/magUdisk);
+
+ // Compute calibrated thrust/power (LSRMTK:Eq. 5)
+ const scalar T = 0.5*rhoRef*diskArea_*magSqr(Udisk & diskDir_)*CtStar;
+ const scalar P = 0.5*rhoRef*diskArea_*pow3(mag(Udisk & diskDir_))*CpStar;
+
+ for (const label celli : cells_)
+ {
+ Usource[celli] += (cellsV[celli]/totalV*T)*diskDir_;
+ }
+
+ if
+ (
+ mesh_.time().timeOutputValue() >= writeFileStart_
+ && mesh_.time().timeOutputValue() <= writeFileEnd_
+ )
+ {
+ Ostream& os = file();
+ writeCurrentTime(os);
+
+ os << Uref << tab << Cp << tab << Ct
+ << Udisk << tab << CpStar << tab << CtStar << tab << T << tab << P
+ << endl;
}
}
diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSource.C b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSource.C
index fd39067440a9bbb37f325e273131ad3889ace305..64e02aa0117324cc2e22dfab1ed80bcdf4ca9f07 100644
--- a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSource.C
+++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSource.C
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -36,12 +37,7 @@ namespace Foam
namespace fv
{
defineTypeNameAndDebug(radialActuationDiskSource, 0);
- addToRunTimeSelectionTable
- (
- option,
- radialActuationDiskSource,
- dictionary
- );
+ addToRunTimeSelectionTable(option, radialActuationDiskSource, dictionary);
}
}
diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSource.H b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSource.H
index 0ca7912ca419916cd5984be9602dcb1627eb36f3..1c7fe745ceadb3f476fb78503b15a0df1726e0e1 100644
--- a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSource.H
+++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSource.H
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -30,43 +31,66 @@ Group
grpFvOptionsSources
Description
- Actuation disk source including radial thrust
+ Applies sources on \c U to enable actuator disk models with radial thrust
+ distribution for aero/hydro thrust loading of horizontal axis turbines
+ on surrounding flow field in terms of energy conversion processes.
- Constant values for momentum source for actuation disk
- \f[
- T = 2 \rho A U_{o}^2 a (1-a)
- \f]
- and
- \f[
- U_1 = (1 - a)U_{o}
- \f]
+ Corrections applied to:
+ \verbatim
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ \endverbatim
- where:
- \vartable
- A | disk area
- U_o | upstream velocity
- a | 1 - Cp/Ct
- U_1 | velocity at the disk
- \endvartable
+ Required fields:
+ \verbatim
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ \endverbatim
+ Thrust, which is computed by \link actuationDiskSource.H \endlink is
+ distributed as a function of actuator disk radius through a given forth
+ order polynomial function:
- The thrust is distributed by a radial function:
\f[
- thrust(r) = T (C_0 + C_1 r^2 + C_2 r^4)
+ T(r) = T (C_0 + C_1 r^2 + C_2 r^4)
\f]
+ where
+ \vartable
+ T | Thrust magnitude computed by actuationDiskSource setup
+ T(r) | Thrust magnitude as a function of "r"
+ r | Local actuator disk radius
+ C_* | Polynomial coefficients
+ \endvartable
Usage
- Example usage:
+ Example by using \c constant/fvOptions:
\verbatim
- fields (U); // names of fields to apply source
- diskDir (-1 0 0); // disk direction
- Cp 0.1; // power coefficient
- Ct 0.5; // thrust coefficient
- diskArea 5.0; // disk area
- coeffs (0.1 0.5 0.01); // radial distribution coefficients
- upstreamPoint (0 0 0); // upstream point
+ radialActuationDiskSource1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type radialActuationDiskSource;
+ coeffs (0.1 0.5 0.01);
+
+ // Mandatory and optional (inherited) entries
+ ...
+ }
\endverbatim
+ where the entries mean:
+ \table
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Dflt
+ type | Type name: radialActuationDiskSource | word | yes | -
+ coeffs | Radial distribution function coefficients | vector | yes | -
+ \endtable
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link fvOption.H \endlink
+ - \link cellSetOption.H \endlink
+ - \link writeFile.H \endlink
+ - \link Function1.H \endlink
+ - \link actuationDiskSource.H \endlink
+
+Note
+ - \c radialActuationDiskSource computes only \c Froude force computation
+ method of \c actuationDiskSource.
SourceFiles
radialActuationDiskSource.C
@@ -95,7 +119,7 @@ class radialActuationDiskSource
:
public actuationDiskSource
{
- // Private data
+ // Private Data
//- Coefficients for the radial distribution
FixedList<scalar, 3> radialCoeffs_;
@@ -112,13 +136,7 @@ class radialActuationDiskSource
const scalarField& V,
const RhoFieldType& rho,
const vectorField& U
- ) const;
-
- //- No copy construct
- radialActuationDiskSource(const radialActuationDiskSource&) = delete;
-
- //- No copy assignment
- void operator=(const radialActuationDiskSource&) = delete;
+ );
public:
@@ -138,6 +156,12 @@ public:
const fvMesh& mesh
);
+ //- No copy construct
+ radialActuationDiskSource(const radialActuationDiskSource&) = delete;
+
+ //- No copy assignment
+ void operator=(const radialActuationDiskSource&) = delete;
+
//- Destructor
virtual ~radialActuationDiskSource() = default;
diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSourceTemplates.C b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSourceTemplates.C
index 1dddd3d96650e900860d1a7d377c939ffabaa20b..ed58d88b41af733b881c5e0494e33ac81644687c 100644
--- a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSourceTemplates.C
+++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/radialActuationDiskSource/radialActuationDiskSourceTemplates.C
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -42,16 +43,14 @@ addRadialActuationDiskAxialInertialResistance
const scalarField& Vcells,
const RhoFieldType& rho,
const vectorField& U
-) const
+)
{
- scalar a = 1.0 - Cp_/Ct_;
scalarField Tr(cells.size());
- const vector uniDiskDir = diskDir_/mag(diskDir_);
tensor E(Zero);
- E.xx() = uniDiskDir.x();
- E.yy() = uniDiskDir.y();
- E.zz() = uniDiskDir.z();
+ E.xx() = diskDir_.x();
+ E.yy() = diskDir_.y();
+ E.zz() = diskDir_.z();
const Field<vector> zoneCellCentres(mesh().cellCentres(), cells);
const Field<scalar> zoneCellVolumes(mesh().cellVolumes(), cells);
@@ -59,32 +58,80 @@ addRadialActuationDiskAxialInertialResistance
const vector avgCentre = gSum(zoneCellVolumes*zoneCellCentres)/V();
const scalar maxR = gMax(mag(zoneCellCentres - avgCentre));
- scalar intCoeffs =
+ const scalar intCoeffs =
radialCoeffs_[0]
+ radialCoeffs_[1]*sqr(maxR)/2.0
+ radialCoeffs_[2]*pow4(maxR)/3.0;
- vector upU = vector(VGREAT, VGREAT, VGREAT);
- scalar upRho = VGREAT;
- if (upstreamCellId_ != -1)
+ if (mag(intCoeffs) < VSMALL)
{
- upU = U[upstreamCellId_];
- upRho = rho[upstreamCellId_];
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Radial distribution coefficients lead to zero polynomial." << nl
+ << "radialCoeffs = " << radialCoeffs_
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
}
- reduce(upU, minOp<vector>());
- reduce(upRho, minOp<scalar>());
- scalar T = 2.0*upRho*diskArea_*mag(upU)*a*(1.0 - a);
+ // Compute upstream U and rho, spatial-averaged over monitor-region
+ vector Uref(Zero);
+ scalar rhoRef = 0.0;
+ label szMonitorCells = monitorCells_.size();
+
+ for (const auto& celli : monitorCells_)
+ {
+ Uref += U[celli];
+ rhoRef = rhoRef + rho[celli];
+ }
+ reduce(Uref, sumOp<vector>());
+ reduce(rhoRef, sumOp<scalar>());
+ reduce(szMonitorCells, sumOp<label>());
+
+ if (szMonitorCells == 0)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "No cell is available for incoming velocity monitoring."
+ << exit(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ Uref /= szMonitorCells;
+ rhoRef /= szMonitorCells;
+
+ const scalar Ct = sink_*UvsCtPtr_->value(mag(Uref));
+ const scalar Cp = sink_*UvsCpPtr_->value(mag(Uref));
+
+ if (Cp <= VSMALL || Ct <= VSMALL)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Cp and Ct must be greater than zero." << nl
+ << "Cp = " << Cp << ", Ct = " << Ct
+ << exit(FatalIOError);
+ }
+
+ const scalar a = 1.0 - Cp/Ct;
+ const scalar T = 2.0*rhoRef*diskArea_*mag(Uref)*a*(1.0 - a);
+
forAll(cells, i)
{
- scalar r2 = magSqr(mesh().cellCentres()[cells[i]] - avgCentre);
+ const scalar r2 = magSqr(mesh().cellCentres()[cells[i]] - avgCentre);
Tr[i] =
T
*(radialCoeffs_[0] + radialCoeffs_[1]*r2 + radialCoeffs_[2]*sqr(r2))
/intCoeffs;
- Usource[cells[i]] += ((Vcells[cells[i]]/V_)*Tr[i]*E) & upU;
+ Usource[cells[i]] += ((Vcells[cells[i]]/V_)*Tr[i]*E) & Uref;
+ }
+
+ if
+ (
+ mesh_.time().timeOutputValue() >= writeFileStart_
+ && mesh_.time().timeOutputValue() <= writeFileEnd_
+ )
+ {
+ Ostream& os = file();
+ writeCurrentTime(os);
+
+ os << Uref << tab << Cp << tab << Ct << tab << a << tab << T << tab
+ << endl;
}
if (debug)
diff --git a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/include/initialConditions b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/include/initialConditions
index d30a15d48e1f9ae752d5277a2c68b2745cab351e..60855717dfa023ec065a6371341b2f9bf7ec99de 100644
--- a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/include/initialConditions
+++ b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/include/initialConditions
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-flowVelocity (0 0 0);
+flowVelocity (10 0 0);
pressure 0;
turbulentKE 1.3;
turbulentEpsilon 0.01;
diff --git a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/nut b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/nut
index aa772bc020f08c7f183e1070e84051ef0d9eb7dd..e9d54fcb418339e12d7d0a9724ee94993cc80dbd 100644
--- a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/nut
+++ b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/nut
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ boundaryField
terrain
{
- type nutkAtmRoughWallFunction;
+ type atmNutkWallFunction;
+ boundNut false;
z0 $z0;
value uniform 0.0;
}
diff --git a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/constant/fvOptions b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/constant/fvOptions
index 98cc0dcf65990a0ba97da5b49d34060e612bd296..590931b11261a237c94c7080b76d40b28a9a5f23 100644
--- a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/constant/fvOptions
+++ b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/constant/fvOptions
@@ -18,31 +18,50 @@ FoamFile
disk1
{
type actuationDiskSource;
-
- fields (U);
-
+ variant Froude; // variableScaling;
selectionMode cellSet;
cellSet actuationDisk1;
- diskDir (1 0 0); // Orientation of the disk
+ diskArea 40;
+ diskDir (1 0 0);
+ writeToFile true;
+ sink true;
Cp 0.386;
Ct 0.58;
- diskArea 40;
- upstreamPoint (581849 4785810 1065);
+
+ monitorMethod points;
+
+ monitorCoeffs
+ {
+ points
+ (
+ (581849 4785810 1065)
+ );
+ }
}
+
disk2
{
type actuationDiskSource;
-
- fields (U);
-
+ variant Froude; // variableScaling;
selectionMode cellSet;
cellSet actuationDisk2;
- diskDir (1 0 0); // Orientation of the disk
+ writeToFile true;
+ sink true;
Cp 0.53;
Ct 0.58;
diskArea 40;
- upstreamPoint (581753 4785663 1070);
+ diskDir (1 0 0);
+
+ monitorMethod points;
+
+ monitorCoeffs
+ {
+ points
+ (
+ (581753 4785663 1070)
+ );
+ }
}
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015/kNorm-zNorm.dat b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015/kNorm-zNorm.dat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72c569ec0601ae42df452515068f14e185b52205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015/kNorm-zNorm.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Stratification = Very stable
+# k/k@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+5.050476682 2.0032
+4.708841902 2.94998
+4.016252759 4.00501
+3.328857722 4.90112
+3.317729463 6.00696
+3.383228433 6.88859
+# Stratification = Stable
+# k/k@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+4.24970097 2.0032
+4.149517291 2.94998
+3.859303812 4.00501
+3.463663054 4.90112
+3.124025564 6.00696
+3.103046306 6.88859
+# Stratification = Slightly stable
+# k/k@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+3.897762917 2.0032
+3.816771933 2.94998
+3.707861851 4.00501
+3.54779421 4.90112
+3.310490034 6.00696
+3.179855803 6.88859
+# Stratification = Neutral
+# k/k@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+3.788680963 2.0032
+3.715671223 2.94998
+3.59401204 4.00501
+3.465226229 4.90112
+3.251834724 6.00696
+3.130716879 6.88859
+# Stratification = Slightly unstable
+# k/k@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+4.038160328 2.0032
+4.012134117 2.94998
+3.768972354 4.00501
+3.6049338 4.90112
+3.364303911 6.00696
+3.252063911 6.88859
+# Stratification = Unstable
+# k/k@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+4.198358216 2.0032
+4.008932555 2.94998
+3.752031 4.00501
+3.566299621 4.90112
+3.274208456 6.00696
+3.154213326 6.88859
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015/uNorm-zNorm.dat b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015/uNorm-zNorm.dat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64beb0668391e08690e0dda64373cc4cfd83f410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015/uNorm-zNorm.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Stratification = Very stable
+# U/U@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+13.8953 2
+20.0349 2.95
+25.3372 4
+28.3023 4.9
+31.7907 6
+33.8488 6.88571
+# Stratification = Stable
+# U/U@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+8.13953 2
+10.5814 2.95
+13.3721 4
+15.0465 4.9
+17.3488 6.00714
+18.7791 6.88571
+# Stratification = Slightly stable
+# U/U@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+6.36047 1.99286
+8 2.95
+9.60465 4
+10.5465 4.89286
+11.9419 5.99286
+12.814 6.87857
+# Stratification = Neutral
+# U/U@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+5.62791 2
+6.95349 2.95
+8.13953 4
+8.76744 4.9
+9.63953 6
+10.2674 6.88571
+# Stratification = Slightly unstable
+# U/U@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+5.31395 2
+6.43023 2.95
+7.26744 4
+7.65116 4.9
+8.2093 6
+8.66279 6.88571
+# Stratification = Unstable
+# U/U@(zRef=40m) z/zRef=20[m]
+5.06977 2
+6.04651 2.95
+6.74419 4
+7.05814 4.9
+7.44186 6
+7.75581 6.88571
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015/veer-zNorm.dat b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015/veer-zNorm.dat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..718741104cd96c07466b7c76b86bbe83834d6ce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015/veer-zNorm.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Stratification = Very stable
+# veer z/zRef=20[m]
+-8.88e-16 2
+5.08854 2.96326
+7.19998 4.00448
+9.45163 4.89879
+13.7953 6.00217
+17.954 6.88183
+# Stratification = Stable
+# veer z/zRef=20[m]
+-8.88178e-16 2
+3.57695 2.95679
+4.31625 4.00548
+5.42837 4.9002
+8.91164 5.99688
+12.3262 6.87681
+# Stratification = Slightly stable
+# veer z/zRef=20[m]
+-8.88e-16 2
+2.60026 2.94315
+2.75811 4.00603
+3.12604 4.901
+5.6326 5.99104
+8.39595 6.87119
+# Stratification = Neutral
+# veer z/zRef=20[m]
+1.89764 4.00633
+1.90249 2.96437
+2.05627 4.90138
+4.12094 5.99856
+6.69821 6.88577
+# Stratification = Slightly unstable
+# veer z/zRef=20[m]
+-8.88e-16 2
+1.75811 4.00638
+2.06528 2.96431
+2.07953 4.90137
+4.05117 5.99858
+6.2796 6.88592
+# Stratification = Unstable
+# veer z/zRef=20[m]
+-8.88e-16 2
+1.3395 4.00652
+1.83272 2.96439
+1.89348 4.90144
+4.16745 5.99854
+6.41914 6.88587
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Koblitz-2013/u-z-Leipzig.dat b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Koblitz-2013/u-z-Leipzig.dat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a401f16ce38b5b076145273438855c80a9eec15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-Koblitz-2013/u-z-Leipzig.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Lettau, H. (1950).
+# A re-examination of the “Leipzig wind profile†considering some
+# relations between wind and turbulence in the frictional layer.
+# Tellus, 2(2), 125-129.
+# DOI:10.3402/tellusa.v2i2.8534
+#
+# Koblitz, T. (2013).
+# CFD Modeling of Non-Neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer Conditions.
+# DTU Wind Energy. DTU Wind Energy PhD, No. 0019(EN).
+# Figure 4.1
+## u z
+10.5946 97.6744
+11.7838 146.512
+12.6486 209.302
+13.6216 258.14
+14.2703 293.023
+14.8108 348.837
+15.6757 397.674
+16.4324 453.488
+16.7568 502.326
+17.4054 551.163
+17.6216 600
+17.9459 655.814
+18.2703 704.651
+18.3784 746.512
+18.5946 802.326
+18.7027 865.116
+18.7027 865.116
+## v z
+1.66276 947.331
+2.00115 892.363
+2.35544 854.784
+2.61341 799.676
+2.95172 751.652
+3.19357 699.989
+3.46747 658.798
+3.74155 600.246
+3.99944 552.082
+4.25741 496.975
+4.56363 441.951
+4.6 49.6528
+4.80535 400.704
+4.8567 112.598
+4.96882 157.932
+4.99894 348.956
+5.0488 199.737
+5.08 290.069
+5.08041 251.876
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/Allclean b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/Allclean
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83414be78084899601e9dd75e28f43b15a2b07a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/Allclean
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions # Tutorial clean functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(cd precursor && ./Allclean)
+
+(cd successor && ./Allclean)
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/Allrun b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/Allrun
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9dfc9c85121334cb28fee600302ad24911f7713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/Allrun
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+(cd precursor && foamRunTutorials)
+
+(cd successor && foamRunTutorials)
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..deed5e8994d091d39654dc80ac0d88cc92fdac9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/T
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object T;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 300;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature;
+ heatSource flux;
+ alphaEff alphaEff;
+ Cp0 1005.0;
+ q uniform 0.0001;
+ value uniform 300;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform 300;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1bfbe45e63733a30c1b092b72ce5bb323e33aa4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/U
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volVectorField;
+ object U;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform (17.5 0.0 0.0);
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform (0 0 0);
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4af0e147c6b4991a9a0b97c6ef6dd0dc5bd9993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/alphat
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object alphat;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmAlphatkWallFunction;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ kappa 0.40;
+ Pr 0.90;
+ z0 uniform 0.30;
+ Prt uniform 0.74;
+ value uniform 0.30;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type calculated;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9de773e05f87c6107f7ffc43608246081a51ef1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/epsilon
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object epsilon;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -3 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.1;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmEpsilonWallFunction;
+ kappa 0.40;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ z0 uniform 0.3;
+ value uniform 0.3;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a273683cd397a647c21d5351e4b731e79039cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/k
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object k;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 1.285;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type kqRWallFunction;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/leafAreaDensity b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/leafAreaDensity
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f4890db788be273af9cd259b7a6c96944141efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/leafAreaDensity
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object leafAreaDensity;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 -1 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "bottom|top"
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba3ebaec65b7a92ac80f5c226da4e4ab1faa9602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/nut
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object nut;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmNutkWallFunction;
+ kappa 0.40;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ z0 uniform 0.3;
+ value uniform 0.3;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type calculated;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/omega b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/omega
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c34070fceed5b96e7436fe31eb789f62667f810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/omega
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object omega;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 0 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.07782;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmOmegaWallFunction;
+ kappa 0.40;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ z0 uniform 0.3;
+ value uniform 0.3;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/p_rgh b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/p_rgh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35f2b71d211da3b60d36ae0fd949dabd598921d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/p_rgh
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object p_rgh;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "bottom|top"
+ {
+ type fixedFluxPressure;
+ rho rhok;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/plantCd b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/plantCd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..972e8b50163a6f9dcc82750f6d1538ddab76a2b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/plantCd
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object plantCd;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "bottom|top"
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/qPlant.temp b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/qPlant.temp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ebc5b78652556b98dd3fc4c9e8388afa959820f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/0.orig/qPlant.temp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object qPlant;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -3 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform Q_PLANT;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "bottom|top"
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/Allclean b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/Allclean
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f77b68726fad879760662abf72cd8a49aabfd639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/Allclean
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions # Tutorial clean functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+cleanCase0
+
+rm -f constant/fvOptions
+rm -f constant/turbulenceProperties
+rm -rf system/atm-Koblitz-2013
+rm -rf plots
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/Allrun b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/Allrun
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c384dfbd01bc879724358e4e94786df45c53942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/Allrun
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions # Tutorial clean functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+./Allrun.pre
+
+# Settings
+RASmodel="kEpsilon" # "kOmegaSST"
+stability="neutral"
+Lmax="41.8"
+qPlant="0.0"
+
+echo " # Computations for the atmopsheric stability = $stability:"
+echo " ## Lmax = $Lmax [m], qPlant = $qPlant [-]"
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+sed -e "s|RAS_MODEL|$RASmodel|g" constant/turbulenceProperties.temp > \
+ constant/turbulenceProperties
+sed -e "s|L_MAX|$Lmax|g" constant/fvOptions.temp > constant/fvOptions
+sed -e "s|Q_PLANT|$qPlant|g" 0.orig/qPlant.temp > 0/qPlant
+
+runApplication renumberMesh -overwrite
+
+runApplication $(getApplication)
+
+# Scale up all the dimensions of the precursor computational domain
+# to encapsulate the successor domain, so that mapFields can be used
+runApplication transformPoints -scale '(10 10 1)' -translate '(0 0 20)'
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/Allrun.pre b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/Allrun.pre
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a4afe27d1b3fdb0e3716d391d165acdd67c3a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/Allrun.pre
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+restore0Dir
+
+runApplication blockMesh
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/fvOptions.temp b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/fvOptions.temp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c97c2d9ec5174e8a3ef39a1297c8d528c653aa62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/fvOptions.temp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ location "constant";
+ object fvOptions;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+pressureGradient
+{
+ type vectorSemiImplicitSource;
+ volumeMode specific;
+ selectionMode all;
+ injectionRateSuSp
+ {
+ U ((0 1.978046e-03 0) 0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmCoriolisUSource1
+{
+ type atmCoriolisUSource;
+ atmCoriolisUSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ Omega (0 0 5.65156e-05);
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmAmbientTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmAmbientTurbSource;
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ kAmb 0.001;
+ epsilonAmb 7.208e-08;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmBuoyancyTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmBuoyancyTurbSource;
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ rho rho;
+ Lmax L_MAX;
+ n 3.0;
+ beta 3.3e-03;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmLengthScaleTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmLengthScaleTurbSource;
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ Lmax L_MAX;
+ n 3.0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmPlantCanopyUSource1
+{
+ type atmPlantCanopyUSource;
+ atmPlantCanopyUSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmPlantCanopyTSource1
+{
+ type atmPlantCanopyTSource;
+ atmPlantCanopyTSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmPlantCanopyTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmPlantCanopyTurbSource;
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ rho rho;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/g b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/g
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab48a5a4f9097326e3ab4cd02bf62a3405e69625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/g
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class uniformDimensionedVectorField;
+ location "constant";
+ object g;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+value (0 0 -9.81);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
+
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/transportProperties b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/transportProperties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ab9aa514ef61eedf303562a5780dcaeeb85bfd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/transportProperties
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object transportProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+transportModel Newtonian;
+
+nu 1.5e-05;
+
+// Thermal expansion coefficient
+beta 3e-03;
+
+// Reference temperature
+TRef 300;
+
+// Laminar Prandtl number
+Pr 0.9;
+
+// Turbulent Prandtl number
+Prt 0.74;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/turbulenceProperties.temp b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/turbulenceProperties.temp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ba92869a0ebdc3f87d4732273ed080f945ad9c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/constant/turbulenceProperties.temp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object turbulenceProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType RAS;
+
+RAS
+{
+ RASModel RAS_MODEL;
+ turbulence on;
+ printCoeffs on;
+
+ RAS_MODELCoeffs
+ {
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ betaStar 0.09;
+ sigmaEps 1.30;
+ sigmaK 1;
+ C1 1.44;
+ C2 1.92;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
+
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/plot b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/plot
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c9aef5ac7e923c925071fd0407e39ca3b419d9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/plot
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Benchmark dataset:
+# Lettau, H. (1950).
+# A re-examination of the "Leipzig wind profile" considering some
+# relations between wind and turbulence in the frictional layer.
+# Tellus, 2(2), 125-129.
+# DOI:10.3402/tellusa.v2i2.8534
+#
+# Koblitz, T. (2013).
+# CFD Modeling of Non-Neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer Conditions.
+# DTU Wind Energy. DTU Wind Energy PhD, No. 0019(EN).
+# Figure 4.1
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+plotU() {
+ sample=$1
+
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile."
+
+ outName="plots/u-z.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_U
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 600, 1000
+ set xrange [0:25]
+ set yrange [0:3000]
+ set grid
+ set key left top
+ set key samplen 2
+ set key spacing 0.75
+ set xlabel "u [m/s]"
+ set ylabel "z [m]"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ bench="system/atm-Koblitz-2013/u-z-Leipzig.dat"
+ sample="$sample"
+
+ plot \
+ bench every ::0::16 u 1:2 t "Leipzig" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ sample u 2:1 t "Neutral" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00"
+PLT_U
+}
+
+
+plotV() {
+ sample=$1
+
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal spanwise flow speed profile."
+
+ outName="plots/v-z.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_V
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 600, 1000
+ set xrange [-1:6]
+ set yrange [0:3000]
+ set grid
+ set key right top
+ set key samplen 2
+ set key spacing 0.75
+ set xlabel "v [m/s]"
+ set ylabel "z [m]"
+ set offset .2, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ bench="system/atm-Koblitz-2013/u-z-Leipzig.dat"
+ sample="$sample"
+
+ plot \
+ bench every ::17::35 u 1:2 t "Leipzig" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ sample u 3:1 t "Neutral" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00"
+PLT_V
+}
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Requires gnuplot
+command -v gnuplot >/dev/null || {
+ echo "gnuplot not found - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+# Requires awk
+command -v awk >/dev/null || {
+ echo "awk not found - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+# The latestTime in postProcessing/samples
+timeDir=$(foamListTimes -case postProcessing/samples -latestTime 2>/dev/null)
+[ -n "$timeDir" ] || {
+ echo "No results found in postProcessing - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+timeDir="postProcessing/samples/$timeDir"
+
+# Settings
+sample="$timeDir/lineZ1_U.xy"
+stability="neutral"
+
+# Postprocessing
+mkdir -p plots
+cp -rf $FOAM_TUTORIALS/resources/dataset/atm-Koblitz-2013 system/.
+plotU $sample
+plotV $sample
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/blockMeshDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/blockMeshDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e03d3c3e8242069ec1601b4b11e8fd1cc4423f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/blockMeshDict
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+scale 1;
+
+vertices
+(
+ (-1000 -1000 0)
+ ( 1000 -1000 0)
+ ( 1000 1000 0)
+ (-1000 1000 0)
+ (-1000 -1000 6000)
+ ( 1000 -1000 6000)
+ ( 1000 1000 6000)
+ (-1000 1000 6000)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+ hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) (2 2 160) simpleGrading (1 1 80)
+);
+
+edges
+(
+);
+
+boundary
+(
+ top
+ {
+ type patch;
+ faces
+ (
+ (4 5 6 7)
+ );
+ }
+ bottom
+ {
+ type wall;
+ faces
+ (
+ (0 1 2 3)
+ );
+ }
+ inlet
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ neighbourPatch outlet;
+ faces
+ (
+ (0 4 7 3)
+ );
+ }
+ outlet
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ neighbourPatch inlet;
+ faces
+ (
+ (1 2 6 5)
+ );
+ }
+ left
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ neighbourPatch right;
+ faces
+ (
+ (0 4 5 1)
+ );
+ }
+ right
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ neighbourPatch left;
+ faces
+ (
+ (3 7 6 2)
+ );
+ }
+);
+
+mergePatchPairs
+(
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/controlDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/controlDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ebd4714791c9d184998c6a73cacc38a4c6a6f93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/controlDict
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+application buoyantBoussinesqSimpleFoam;
+
+startFrom latestTime;
+
+startTime 0;
+
+stopAt endTime;
+
+endTime 150000;
+
+deltaT 1;
+
+writeControl timeStep;
+
+writeInterval 50000;
+
+purgeWrite 0;
+
+writeFormat ascii;
+
+writePrecision 16;
+
+writeCompression off;
+
+timeFormat general;
+
+timePrecision 6;
+
+runTimeModifiable false;
+
+
+functions
+{
+ #includeFunc "samples"
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
+
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/fvSchemes b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/fvSchemes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..888f57b0be9d0cd24e549c5242c9e16cbe1d4dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/fvSchemes
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+ default steadyState;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+ default Gauss linear;
+ grad(U) cellMDLimited Gauss linear 1;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+ default none;
+ div(phi,T) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,U) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,k) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,epsilon) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,omega) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div((nuEff*dev(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+ div((nuEff*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+ default Gauss linear uncorrected;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+ default linear;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+ default uncorrected;
+}
+
+fluxRequired
+{
+ default no;
+ p_rgh;
+ p_rghPotential;
+}
+
+wallDist
+{
+ method meshWave;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/fvSolution b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/fvSolution
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd77473640bff558bac3e7405a62ef9461d32b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/fvSolution
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+ p_rgh
+ {
+ solver PCG;
+ preconditioner DIC;
+ tolerance 1e-15;
+ relTol 0.1;
+ maxIter 10;
+ }
+
+ "(U|k|epsilon|omega)"
+ {
+ solver PBiCG;
+ preconditioner DILU;
+ tolerance 1e-12;
+ relTol 0.1;
+ }
+
+ T
+ {
+ solver PBiCG;
+ preconditioner DILU;
+ tolerance 1e-15;
+ relTol 0.1;
+ maxIter 10;
+ }
+}
+
+SIMPLE
+{
+ nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+ pRefCell 0;
+ pRefValue 0;
+}
+
+relaxationFactors
+{
+ fields
+ {
+ p_rgh 0.15;
+ }
+ equations
+ {
+ U 0.1;
+ k 0.3;
+ omega 0.3;
+ epsilon 0.3;
+ T 0.015;
+ }
+}
+
+cache
+{
+ grad(U);
+ grad(T);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/samples b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/samples
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b872c40b8680b1316296a3bf762846efaf9d598d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/precursor/system/samples
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*/
+
+type sets;
+libs (sampling);
+interpolationScheme cellPoint;
+setFormat raw;
+
+writeControl writeTime;
+
+fields (U);
+
+sets
+(
+ lineZ1
+ {
+ type midPoint;
+ axis z;
+ start (0 0 0);
+ end (0 0 6001);
+ nPoints 200;
+ }
+);
+
+
+// *********************************************************************** //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3dd72aa3aa9ea8e6ccf436430b9c02810479168a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/T
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object T;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 300.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "p[0-9]+"
+ {
+ type freestream;
+ freestreamBC
+ {
+ type timeVaryingMappedFixedValue;
+ offset 0;
+ setAverage off;
+ mapMethod nearest;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ terrain
+ {
+ type atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature;
+ heatSource flux;
+ alphaEff alphaEff;
+ Cp0 1005.0;
+ q uniform 0;
+ value uniform 300;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "upperInterface|lowerInterface"
+ {
+ type cyclicAMI;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26a4efebe1724280fca190a7ddce4b027837bec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/U
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volVectorField;
+ object U;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform (0 15 0);
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "p[0-9]+"
+ {
+ type freestream;
+ freestreamBC
+ {
+ type timeVaryingMappedFixedValue;
+ offset (0 0 0);
+ setAverage off;
+ mapMethod nearest;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ terrain
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform (0 0 0);
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "upperInterface|lowerInterface"
+ {
+ type cyclicAMI;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e421c8131bc6b613dab73900fc443294a4a0fb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/alphat
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object alphat;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.1;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "p[0-9]+"
+ {
+ type freestream;
+ freestreamBC
+ {
+ type timeVaryingMappedFixedValue;
+ offset 0;
+ setAverage off;
+ mapMethod nearest;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ terrain
+ {
+ type atmAlphatkWallFunction;
+ kappa 0.4;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ Pr 0.9;
+ Prt uniform 0.74;
+ z0 uniform 0.05;
+ value uniform 0.0;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "upperInterface|lowerInterface"
+ {
+ type cyclicAMI;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3e3f4a6d7d229f39fca8e0865bb6120ae9d9c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/epsilon
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object epsilon;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -3 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.01;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "p[0-9]+"
+ {
+ type freestream;
+ freestreamBC
+ {
+ type timeVaryingMappedFixedValue;
+ offset 0;
+ setAverage off;
+ mapMethod nearest;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ terrain
+ {
+ type atmEpsilonWallFunction;
+ kappa 0.4;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ z0 uniform 0.05;
+ value uniform 0.0;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "upperInterface|lowerInterface"
+ {
+ type cyclicAMI;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31beced2611178b3938ad6e80db3ba992672fe8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/k
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object k;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.3;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "p[0-9]+"
+ {
+ type freestream;
+ freestreamBC
+ {
+ type timeVaryingMappedFixedValue;
+ offset 0;
+ setAverage off;
+ mapMethod nearest;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ terrain
+ {
+ type kqRWallFunction;
+ value uniform 0.1;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "upperInterface|lowerInterface"
+ {
+ type cyclicAMI;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4edb30aa2077093e1d97157fbb1cb4818d0cab0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/nut
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object nut;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 1.1;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "p[0-9]+"
+ {
+ type freestream;
+ freestreamBC
+ {
+ type timeVaryingMappedFixedValue;
+ offset 0;
+ setAverage off;
+ mapMethod nearest;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ terrain
+ {
+ type atmNutkWallFunction;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ kappa 0.4;
+ z0 uniform 0.05;
+ value uniform 0.0;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "upperInterface|lowerInterface"
+ {
+ type cyclicAMI;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/omega b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/omega
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..622a7d9927ce302a607d584b7e449621c66f6916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/omega
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object omega;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 0 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.003;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "p[0-9]+"
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ terrain
+ {
+ type atmOmegaWallFunction;
+ kappa 0.4;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ z0 uniform 0.05;
+ value uniform 0.0;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "upperInterface|lowerInterface"
+ {
+ type cyclicAMI;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/p_rgh b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/p_rgh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79c8c563ce475391a4a68d644dd0f4bd5fc50dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/0.orig/p_rgh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object p_rgh;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 10.1233;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "p[0-9]+"
+ {
+ type zeroGradient;
+ }
+
+ terrain
+ {
+ type fixedFluxPressure;
+ rho rhok;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform 10.123;
+ }
+
+ "upperInterface|lowerInterface"
+ {
+ type cyclicAMI;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/Allclean b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/Allclean
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b11d3fab6d399b20325653a99001c932dea36cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/Allclean
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions # Tutorial clean functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+cleanCase0
+
+rm -rf constant/polyMesh
+rm -r constant/turbulenceProperties
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/Allrun b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/Allrun
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad602cdb422a423eb226acd39b04a780f06dc3e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/Allrun
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+RASModel="kEpsilon" # "kOmegaSST"
+
+sed -e "s|RAS_MODEL|$RASModel|g" constant/turbulenceProperties.temp > \
+ constant/turbulenceProperties
+
+restore0Dir
+
+cp -rf constant/polyMesh.orig constant/polyMesh
+
+runApplication mapFields ../precursor -sourceTime latestTime
+
+runApplication decomposePar -force
+
+runParallel renumberMesh -overwrite
+
+runParallel $(getApplication)
+
+runParallel redistributePar -reconstruct -latestTime
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+(
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
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+300
+300
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+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
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+300
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+300
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+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+300
+)
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3125817d1314b01adad43a5b4c796ff7f60d8573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+(
+(4.52435 1.83107 0)
+(6.03706 2.43191 0)
+(6.83083 2.74192 0)
+(7.37136 2.94964 0)
+(7.78141 3.10475 0)
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+(17.5 -2.44614e-10 0)
+(17.5 -1.89729e-10 0)
+(17.5 -1.89729e-10 0)
+);
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/alphat
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+(
+0.37728
+1.0511
+1.73406
+2.4586
+3.2082
+3.97473
+4.75373
+5.54234
+6.33847
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+9.56582
+10.376
+11.1845
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+17.8873
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+15.5782
+15.0988
+14.614
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9d13f31106a50b3ec829562f19f260cf9a76c05
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/p_rgh b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/0/p_rgh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fbd9ce1791dcddb31ffa657ea0b6792643c05c6
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p1/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/U
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/epsilon
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/0/nut
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p10/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/alphat
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p11/points
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p12/points
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p13/points
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/U
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p14/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p15/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p15/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p15/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p15/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p15/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p15/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p15/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p15/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p15/0/nut
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new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/epsilon
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/0/nut
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p16/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/alphat
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p17/points
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/epsilon
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p18/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p19/points
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p2/0/nut
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p20/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/alphat
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/0/nut
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p21/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p22/points
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/epsilon
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p23/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p24/points
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p25/0/nut
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/U
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/alphat
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/epsilon
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/0/nut
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p26/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/alphat
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p27/points
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p28/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/epsilon
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/0/nut
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p29/points
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p3/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p30/0/nut
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/U
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/alphat
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/epsilon
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p31/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/alphat
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p32/points
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p33/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/0/nut
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p34/points
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/U
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p35/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p36/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p36/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p36/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p36/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p36/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p36/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p36/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/epsilon
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/0/nut
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p4/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/U
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a037bf40b31e5a476a84c9f18ac797fab8da9b
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p5/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/epsilon
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467584ca4a2929a7c45d04653ad0113f058c5bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p6/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/U
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65339caeb6ed62b31921b1c7b10af3b15d7d3f20
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/0/nut
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/points b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/points
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cca7a17f41e48a5c81b8aa45480c2a792f0def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p7/points
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/T
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/U
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/epsilon
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/k
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p8/0/nut
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p9/0/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p9/0/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..911878fea841cb980a6d357365c9d877abf1ccf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p9/0/T
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p9/0/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p9/0/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a6fba115695e240b3479e631f7f65cadd0016d
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p9/0/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p9/0/k
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039bfb5b7698b5b4cd98b28404bffe9fb9236f4f
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diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p9/0/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/boundaryData/p9/0/nut
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 7.47405E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 7.69795E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 7.92810E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 8.16469E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 8.40789E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 8.65788E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 8.91486E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 9.17902E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 9.45056E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 9.72969E+02 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.00166E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.03116E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.06148E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.09264E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.12468E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.15761E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.19146E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.22626E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.26203E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.29880E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.33660E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.37545E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.41539E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.45645E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.49865E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.54203E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.58663E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.63247E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.67959E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.72803E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.77782E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.82900E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.88162E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.93570E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 1.99129E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.04844E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.10719E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.16757E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.22965E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.29346E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.35905E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.42647E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.49578E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.56702E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.64026E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.71554E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.79293E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.87248E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 2.95425E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.03830E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.12471E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.21353E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.30483E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.39868E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.49516E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.59433E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.69627E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.80106E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 3.90878E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 4.01951E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 4.13333E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 4.25034E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 4.37061E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 4.49424E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 4.62133E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 4.75197E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 4.88626E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 5.02430E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 5.16620E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 5.31207E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 5.46201E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 5.61614E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 5.77458E+03 )
+( 0.00000E+00 0.00000E+00 5.93745E+03 )
+)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/fvOptions b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/fvOptions
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1082e9564159e156f9caf0a4452cf1274fa09680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/fvOptions
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ location "constant";
+ object fvOptions;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+pressureGradient
+{
+ type vectorSemiImplicitSource;
+ selectionMode all;
+ volumeMode specific;
+ injectionRateSuSp
+ {
+ U ((0 1.978046e-03 0) 0);
+ }
+}
+
+atmCoriolisUSource1
+{
+ type atmCoriolisUSource;
+ atmCoriolisUSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ Omega (0 0 5.65156e-5);
+ }
+}
+
+atmAmbientTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmAmbientTurbSource;
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ kAmb 1.0e-04;
+ epsilonAmb 7.208e-08;
+ }
+}
+
+atmBuoyancyTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmBuoyancyTurbSource;
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ rho rho;
+ Lmax 41.0;
+ n 3.0;
+ beta 3.3e-03;
+ }
+}
+
+atmLengthScaleTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmLengthScaleTurbSource;
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ Lmax 41.0;
+ n 3.0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/g b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/g
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56554e9c340fb109c2b3204d419b57bf3a5089ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/g
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class uniformDimensionedVectorField;
+ location "constant";
+ object g;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+value (0 0 -9.81);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/boundary.gz b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/boundary.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2413e6fa606fd158ea45b5f137cfffd81cb57b2
Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/boundary.gz differ
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/cellZones.gz b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/cellZones.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..015046cc1bb75c527c1af1c7be50afbf2e01c0ae
Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/cellZones.gz differ
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/faceZones.gz b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/faceZones.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..beb6945800a59a37a2c6aeadd3013ff297ec4016
Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/faceZones.gz differ
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/faces.gz b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/faces.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae5f765726d65962e1dfa1e88289339e81591edb
Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/faces.gz differ
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/neighbour.gz b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/neighbour.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9ca0e91d9e1dd03910494b3c41b1d40371f5968
Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/neighbour.gz differ
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/owner.gz b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/owner.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6bf739059862dfa6018e84ee9121576ea61156c0
Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/owner.gz differ
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/pointZones.gz b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/pointZones.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f75439fd8e759cdb73c8bb144395ca2ff52e9fc
Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/pointZones.gz differ
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/points.gz b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/points.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cce68ff2a03aa8506a8e3f77df44b51e22f0cb69
Binary files /dev/null and b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/polyMesh.orig/points.gz differ
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/transportProperties b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/transportProperties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98960981d70f6c7bd4e804eac00bbdf91987bde7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/transportProperties
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object transportProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+transportModel Newtonian;
+
+nu 1.5e-05;
+
+// Thermal expansion coefficient
+beta 3.3e-03;
+
+// Reference temperature
+TRef 300;
+
+// Laminar Prandtl number
+Pr 0.9;
+
+// Turbulent Prandtl number
+Prt 0.74;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/turbulenceProperties.temp b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/turbulenceProperties.temp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4951ea448a9bb78d330b508038c622aac15c4f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/constant/turbulenceProperties.temp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object turbulenceProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType RAS;
+
+RAS
+{
+ RASModel RAS_MODEL;
+ turbulence on;
+ printCoeffs on;
+
+ RAS_MODELCoeffs
+ {
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ betaStar 0.09;
+ sigmaEps 1.30;
+ sigmaK 1.0;
+ C1 1.44;
+ C2 1.92;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/controlDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/controlDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..977b9c76fc5976634880f05f977f5d78945bfb9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/controlDict
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+application buoyantBoussinesqSimpleFoam;
+
+startFrom latestTime;
+
+startTime 0;
+
+stopAt endTime;
+
+endTime 1000;
+
+deltaT 1;
+
+writeControl timeStep;
+
+writeInterval 500;
+
+purgeWrite 0;
+
+writeFormat ascii;
+
+writePrecision 16;
+
+writeCompression off;
+
+timeFormat general;
+
+timePrecision 6;
+
+runTimeModifiable false;
+
+
+functions
+{
+ fieldAverage1
+ {
+ type fieldAverage;
+ libs (fieldFunctionObjects);
+ writeControl writeTime;
+
+ fields
+ (
+ U
+ {
+ mean on;
+ prime2Mean off;
+ base time;
+ }
+ );
+ }
+
+ #includeFunc "samples"
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/decomposeParDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/decomposeParDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75461c24a365c32863a8f0800502a46caa18a0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/decomposeParDict
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object decomposeParDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+numberOfSubdomains 8;
+
+method hierarchical;
+
+coeffs
+{
+ n (4 1 2);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/fvSchemes b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/fvSchemes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a978c6fea37b973f4dac112af63b8a5a3b7d988a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/fvSchemes
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+ default steadyState;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+ default Gauss linear;
+ grad(U) cellMDLimited Gauss linear 1;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+ default none;
+ div(phi,T) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,U) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,k) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,epsilon) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,omega) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div((nuEff*dev(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+ div((nuEff*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+ default Gauss linear corrected;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+ default linear;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+ default corrected;
+}
+
+fluxRequired
+{
+ default no;
+ p_rgh;
+}
+
+wallDist
+{
+ method directionalMeshWave;
+ n (0 0 1);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/fvSolution b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/fvSolution
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a8fa96768d32c1136c80857c57f75c56e10dde57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/fvSolution
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+ p_rgh
+ {
+ solver GAMG;
+ smoother GaussSeidel;
+ tolerance 0;
+ relTol 0.2;
+
+ nPreSweeps 0;
+ nPostSweeps 2;
+ cacheAgglomeration on;
+ agglomerator faceAreaPair;
+ nCellsInCoarsestLevel 10;
+ mergeLevels 1;
+ nAgglomeratingCells 4000;
+ maxIter 49;
+ }
+
+ "(U|T|k|epsilon|omega)"
+ {
+ solver PBiCG;
+ preconditioner DILU;
+ tolerance 0.0;
+ relTol 0.95;
+ maxIter 9;
+ }
+}
+
+SIMPLE
+{
+ nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+ pRefCell 0;
+ pRefValue 0;
+}
+
+relaxationFactors
+{
+ fields
+ {
+ p_rgh 0.3;
+ }
+ equations
+ {
+ p_rgh 1.0;
+ U 0.6;
+ k 0.3;
+ omega 0.3;
+ epsilon 0.3;
+ T 0.005;
+ }
+}
+
+cache
+{
+ grad(U);
+ grad(T);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/mapFieldsDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/mapFieldsDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f550829f427cba3a997fb674c1342ed5d8c011de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/mapFieldsDict
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object mapFieldsDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+patchMap ( );
+
+cuttingPatches
+(
+ terrain top
+);
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/samples b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/samples
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..feda4e7565d86daca8bc547024ba0c8506817c68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmFlatTerrain/successor/system/samples
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*/
+
+type sets;
+libs (sampling);
+interpolationScheme cellPoint;
+setFormat raw;
+
+writeControl writeTime;
+
+fields
+(
+ T
+ p_rgh
+ U
+ k
+ nut
+);
+
+sets
+(
+ lineZM_C20
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (0.0 0.0 21.0);
+ end (0.0 0.0 500.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_C20
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 40.0);
+ end (9000 0.0 40.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_C100
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 120.0);
+ end (9000 0.0 120.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_C200
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 220.0);
+ end (9000 0.0 220.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_C1000
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 1020.0);
+ end (9000 0.0 1020.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineZM_I20
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000.0 0.0 21.0);
+ end (-9000.0 0.0 500.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_I20
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 40.0);
+ end (9000 0.0 40.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_I100
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 120.0);
+ end (9000 0.0 120.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_I200
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 220.0);
+ end (9000 0.0 220.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_I1000
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 1020.0);
+ end (9000 0.0 1020.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineZM_O20
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (9000.0 0.0 21.0);
+ end (9000.0 0.0 500.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_O20
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 40.0);
+ end (9000.0 0.0 40.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_O100
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 120.0);
+ end (9000.0 0.0 120.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_O200
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 220.0);
+ end (9000.0 0.0 220.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+
+ lineFlowDirM_O1000
+ {
+ type uniform;
+ axis distance;
+ start (-9000 0.0 1020.0);
+ end (9000.0 0.0 1020.0);
+ nPoints 500;
+ }
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
+
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/T b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/T
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3819d89229648b7ce2915c4b6f28f8d4ab267a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/T
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object T;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 300;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmTurbulentHeatFluxTemperature;
+ heatSource flux;
+ alphaEff alphaEff;
+ Cp0 1005.0;
+ q uniform 0.0;
+ value uniform 300;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform 300;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e12859266a02204f0e5c314efccd2facb07abd05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/U
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format binary;
+ class volVectorField;
+ object U;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform (17.5 0.0 0.0);
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform (0 0 0);
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/alphat b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/alphat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8deff2dfcf64aa12f6ad3122339f961790304881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/alphat
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object alphat;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmAlphatkWallFunction;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ kappa 0.4;
+ Pr 0.9;
+ z0 uniform 0.028;
+ Prt uniform 0.74;
+ value uniform 0.028;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type calculated;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba8902a4f2c7afcd7779b0c3404a33c7ef110c4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/epsilon
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object epsilon;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -3 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.1;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmEpsilonWallFunction;
+ kappa 0.40;
+ Cmu 0.03;
+ z0 uniform 0.028;
+ value uniform 0.028;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a273683cd397a647c21d5351e4b731e79039cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/k
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object k;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 1.285;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type kqRWallFunction;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/leafAreaDensity b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/leafAreaDensity
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..168e7b18e612576ea482069d328b5932d518354e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/leafAreaDensity
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object leafAreaDensity;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 -1 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.14;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..236a30da3854397481b3d4c12f8c0542e5dddb1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/nut
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object nut;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmNutkWallFunction;
+ boundNut false;
+ kappa 0.40;
+ Cmu 0.03;
+ z0 uniform 0.028;
+ value uniform 0.028;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type calculated;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/omega b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/omega
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a0a6a20ab2e0214626aecfc14258a0f099d840a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/omega
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object omega;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 0 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.077821;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ bottom
+ {
+ type atmOmegaWallFunction;
+ kappa 0.40;
+ Cmu 0.03;
+ z0 uniform 0.028;
+ value uniform 0.028;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type slip;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/p_rgh b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/p_rgh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1986fee21a819f61e93ee71dce67bbe3175b6a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/p_rgh
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format binary;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object p_rgh;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "bottom|top"
+ {
+ type fixedFluxPressure;
+ rho rhok;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/plantCd b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/plantCd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5eaa1c0f899a0af0c2b9d2bb8cbb67ff2cec8278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/plantCd
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object Cd;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.2;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "bottom|top"
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/qPlant.temp b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/qPlant.temp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ebc5b78652556b98dd3fc4c9e8388afa959820f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/0.orig/qPlant.temp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object qPlant;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -3 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform Q_PLANT;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ "bottom|top"
+ {
+ type fixedValue;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ "inlet|outlet|left|right"
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/Allclean b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/Allclean
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..92a6d4f94c4c6eb07e8506d8bc8c2ecd18baa1ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/Allclean
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions # Tutorial clean functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+cleanCase0
+
+rm -f constant/fvOptions
+rm -f constant/turbulenceProperties
+rm -f system/setFieldsDict
+rm -rf results
+rm -rf plots
+rm -rf system/atm-Arnqvist-2015
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/Allrun b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/Allrun
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a43a68a57f3dad18fada8c7435f532edf3512665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/Allrun
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions # Tutorial clean functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+./Allrun.pre
+
+cp -rf $FOAM_TUTORIALS/resources/dataset/atm-Arnqvist-2015 system/.
+
+RASmodel="kEpsilon" # kOmegaSST
+
+declare -A stabilityStates
+declare -A Lmaxs
+declare -A qPlants
+
+stabilityStates[0]="veryStable"
+stabilityStates[1]="stable"
+stabilityStates[2]="slightlyStable"
+stabilityStates[3]="neutral"
+stabilityStates[4]="slightlyUnstable"
+stabilityStates[5]="unstable"
+
+Lmaxs[0]="5.0"
+Lmaxs[1]="13.0"
+Lmaxs[2]="25.5"
+Lmaxs[3]="41.0"
+Lmaxs[4]="80.75"
+Lmaxs[5]="200.0"
+
+qPlants[0]="-20.0"
+qPlants[1]="-9.0"
+qPlants[2]="-5.0"
+qPlants[3]="0.0"
+qPlants[4]="15.0"
+qPlants[5]="60.0"
+
+
+for i in "${!stabilityStates[@]}"
+do
+ state=${stabilityStates[$i]}
+ Lmax=${Lmaxs[$i]}
+ qPlant=${qPlants[$i]}
+
+ echo " # Computations for the atmopsheric stability = $state:"
+ echo " ## Lmax = $Lmax [m], qPlant = $qPlant [-]"
+ echo ""
+
+ sed -e "s|RAS_MODEL|$RASmodel|g" constant/turbulenceProperties.temp > \
+ constant/turbulenceProperties
+ sed -e "s|L_MAX|$Lmax|g" constant/fvOptions.temp > constant/fvOptions
+ sed -e "s|Q_PLANT|$qPlant|g" 0.orig/qPlant.temp > 0/qPlant
+ sed -e "s|Q_PLANT|$qPlant|g" system/setFieldsDict.temp > \
+ system/setFieldsDict
+
+ runApplication decomposePar
+ runParallel -s parallel renumberMesh -overwrite
+ runParallel -s $i setFields
+ runParallel $(getApplication)
+ runParallel postProcess -funcs \
+ "(minMaxComponents(U) minMaxMagnitude(U))" -latestTime
+ runParallel redistributePar -reconstruct -latestTime
+
+ # Collect results into $resultDir
+ resultDir="results/$state"
+ mkdir -p $resultDir
+ timeDir=$(foamListTimes -latestTime)
+ mv -f $timeDir postProcessing log.* $resultDir
+ cp -rf system/fv* constant/fv* constant/*Properties 0 $resultDir
+
+ cleanTimeDirectories
+ rm -rf processor*
+done
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/Allrun.pre b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/Allrun.pre
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3835295df2d59e446e371d1de643614166af853e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/Allrun.pre
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+restore0Dir
+
+rm -f 0/qPlant.temp
+
+runApplication blockMesh
+
+runApplication renumberMesh -overwrite
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/fvOptions.temp b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/fvOptions.temp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3285b751a0edb64a1b465d94ea9bc1308ae744ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/fvOptions.temp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ location "constant";
+ object fvOptions;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+pressureGradient
+{
+ type vectorSemiImplicitSource;
+ volumeMode specific;
+ selectionMode all;
+ injectionRateSuSp
+ {
+ U ((0 1.978046e-03 0) 0);
+ }
+}
+
+atmCoriolisUSource1
+{
+ type atmCoriolisUSource;
+ atmCoriolisUSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ Omega (0 0 5.65156e-05);
+ }
+}
+
+atmAmbientTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmAmbientTurbSource;
+ atmAmbientTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ kAmb 1.0e-04;
+ epsilonAmb 7.208e-08;
+ }
+}
+
+atmBuoyancyTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmBuoyancyTurbSource;
+ atmBuoyancyTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ rho rho;
+ Lmax L_MAX;
+ n 3.0;
+ beta 3.3e-03;
+ }
+}
+
+atmLengthScaleTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmLengthScaleTurbSource;
+ atmLengthScaleTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ Lmax L_MAX;
+ n 3.0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmPlantCanopyUSource1
+{
+ type atmPlantCanopyUSource;
+ atmPlantCanopyUSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmPlantCanopyTSource1
+{
+ type atmPlantCanopyTSource;
+ atmPlantCanopyTSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmPlantCanopyTurbSource1
+{
+ type atmPlantCanopyTurbSource;
+ atmPlantCanopyTurbSourceCoeffs
+ {
+ selectionMode all;
+ rho rho;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/g b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/g
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab48a5a4f9097326e3ab4cd02bf62a3405e69625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/g
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class uniformDimensionedVectorField;
+ location "constant";
+ object g;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 1 -2 0 0 0 0];
+value (0 0 -9.81);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
+
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/transportProperties b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/transportProperties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d7203b303df871e5313ee08deeb511ec4901c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/transportProperties
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object transportProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+transportModel Newtonian;
+
+nu 1.5e-05;
+
+// Thermal expansion coefficient
+beta beta [0 0 0 -1 0 0 0] 3e-03;
+
+// Reference temperature
+TRef 300;
+
+// Laminar Prandtl number
+Pr 0.9;
+
+// Turbulent Prandtl number
+Prt Prt [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0.7;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/turbulenceProperties.temp b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/turbulenceProperties.temp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ba92869a0ebdc3f87d4732273ed080f945ad9c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/constant/turbulenceProperties.temp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object turbulenceProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType RAS;
+
+RAS
+{
+ RASModel RAS_MODEL;
+ turbulence on;
+ printCoeffs on;
+
+ RAS_MODELCoeffs
+ {
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ betaStar 0.09;
+ sigmaEps 1.30;
+ sigmaK 1;
+ C1 1.44;
+ C2 1.92;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
+
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/plot b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/plot
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e19cba9a7d71c3ab32042ccfa180d8e66bc9f054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/plot
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Benchmark dataset:
+# Arnqvist, J., Segalini, A., Dellwik, E., & Bergström, H. (2015).
+# Wind statistics from a forested landscape.
+# Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 156(1), 53-71.
+# DOI:10.1007/s10546-015-0016-x
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Simple linear interpolation on an ascending table
+linearInterp() {
+ inpFile=$1
+ zRef=$2
+ yi=($(awk -v zRef="$zRef" '
+ BEGIN{
+ x1=0; y1=0;
+ x2=$1; y2=$2;
+ }
+ {
+ if((x1 < zRef) && (x2 < zRef) && (getline != 0))
+ {
+ x1=x2; y1=y2; x2=$1; y2=$2
+ }
+ }
+ END {
+ yi = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)*(zRef-x1) + y1;
+ print yi
+ }
+ ' $inpFile))
+ echo "$yi"
+}
+
+
+plotU() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ treeH=$2
+ zRef=$3
+ smple=$4
+ shift 4
+ declare -a inps=("${!1}")
+
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal normalised "
+ echo " streamwise flow speed profile."
+
+ for i in "${!inps[@]}"
+ do
+ inp="results/${inps[$i]}/$timeDir/$smple"
+ echo $inp
+
+ # Store the ground-normal height
+ z=($(awk '{ printf "%.16f\n", $1 }' $inp))
+
+ # Compute velocity magnitude by excluding the ground-normal component
+ magU=($(awk '
+ {
+ mag = sqrt($2*$2 + $3*$3);
+ printf "%.16f\n", mag
+ }' $inp))
+
+ file="z-magU-$i.dat"
+ [ ! -f $file ] && for ((j = 0; j < "${#magU[@]}"; j++)) \
+ do printf "%.16f %.16f\n" "${z[$j]}" "${magU[$j]}" \
+ >> $file; done
+
+ # Find velocity magnitude at zRef height by linear interpolation
+ uRef=$(linearInterp "$file" "$zRef")
+
+ # Find z normalised by the reference tree height
+ zNorm=($(awk -v treeH="$treeH" '
+ {
+ zNorm = $1/treeH; printf "%.16f\n", zNorm
+ }' $file))
+
+ # Find U normalised by uRef
+ uNorm=($(awk -v uRef="$uRef" '
+ {
+ uNorm = $2/uRef; printf "%.16f\n", uNorm
+ }' $file))
+
+ fil="zNorm-uNorm-$i.dat"
+ [ ! -f $fil ] && for ((j = 0; j < "${#zNorm[@]}"; j++)) \
+ do printf "%.16f %.16f\n" "${zNorm[$j]}" "${uNorm[$j]}" \
+ >> $fil; done
+ done
+
+ outName="plots/uNorm-zNorm.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_U
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [0:3.5]
+ set yrange [0:7]
+ set grid
+ set key bottom right
+ set key samplen 2
+ set key spacing 0.75
+ set xlabel "U/U_{ref} [-]"
+ set ylabel "z/z_{ref} [-]"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ veryStable="zNorm-uNorm-0.dat"
+ stable="zNorm-uNorm-1.dat"
+ slightlyStable="zNorm-uNorm-2.dat"
+ neutral="zNorm-uNorm-3.dat"
+ slightlyUnstable="zNorm-uNorm-4.dat"
+ unstable="zNorm-uNorm-5.dat"
+ bench="system/atm-Arnqvist-2015/uNorm-zNorm.dat"
+
+ plot \
+ bench every ::0::5 u ((\$1)/13.8953):2 t "Vs" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::6::11 u ((\$1)/8.13953):2 t "S" w p ps 2 pt 5 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::12::17 u ((\$1)/6.36047):2 t "Ss" w p ps 2 pt 4 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::18::23 u ((\$1)/5.62791):2 t "N" w p ps 2 pt 3 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::24::29 u ((\$1)/5.31395):2 t "Su" w p ps 2 pt 2 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::30::35 u ((\$1)/5.06977):2 t "U" w p ps 2 pt 1 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ veryStable u 2:1 t "Very stable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
+ stable u 2:1 t "Stable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
+ slightlyStable u 2:1 t "Slightly stable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
+ neutral u 2:1 t "Neutral" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
+ slightlyUnstable u 2:1 t "Slightly unstable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
+ unstable u 2:1 t "Unstable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
+PLT_U
+
+rm -f {zNorm-uNorm-,z-magU-}*.dat
+}
+
+
+plotK() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ treeH=$2
+ zRef=$3
+ smple=$4
+ shift 4
+ declare -a inps=("${!1}")
+
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal normalised "
+ echo " turbulent kinetic energy profile."
+
+ for i in "${!inps[@]}"
+ do
+ inp="results/${inps[$i]}/$timeDir/$smple"
+ echo $inp
+
+ # Store the ground-normal height profile
+ z=($(awk '{ printf "%.16f\n", $1 }' $inp))
+
+ # Store the turbulent kinetic energy profile
+ k=($(awk '{ printf "%.16f\n", $5 }' $inp))
+
+ file="z-k-$i.dat"
+ [ ! -f $file ] && for ((j = 0; j < "${#k[@]}"; j++)) \
+ do printf "%.16f %.16f\n" "${z[$j]}" "${k[$j]}" \
+ >> $file; done
+
+ # Find k at zRef height by linear interpolation
+ kRef=$(linearInterp "$file" "$zRef")
+
+ # Find z normalised by the reference tree height
+ zNorm=($(awk -v treeH="$treeH" '
+ {
+ zNorm = $1/treeH; printf "%.16f\n", zNorm
+ }' $file))
+
+ # Find k normalised by kRef
+ kNorm=($(awk -v kRef="$kRef" '
+ {
+ kNorm = $2/kRef; printf "%.16f\n", kNorm
+ }' $file))
+
+ fil="zNorm-kNorm-$i.dat"
+ [ ! -f $fil ] && for ((j = 0; j < "${#zNorm[@]}"; j++)) \
+ do printf "%.16f %.16f\n" "${zNorm[$j]}" "${kNorm[$j]}" \
+ >> $fil; done
+ done
+
+ outName="plots/kNorm-zNorm.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_K
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [0:2]
+ set yrange [0:7]
+ set grid
+ set key bottom right
+ set key samplen 2
+ set key spacing 0.75
+ set xlabel "k/k_{ref} [-]"
+ set ylabel "z/z_{ref} [-]"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ veryStable="zNorm-kNorm-0.dat"
+ stable="zNorm-kNorm-1.dat"
+ slightlyStable="zNorm-kNorm-2.dat"
+ neutral="zNorm-kNorm-3.dat"
+ slightlyUnstable="zNorm-kNorm-4.dat"
+ unstable="zNorm-kNorm-5.dat"
+ bench="system/atm-Arnqvist-2015/kNorm-zNorm.dat"
+
+ plot \
+ bench every ::0::5 u ((\$1)/5.050476682):2 t "Vs" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::6::11 u ((\$1)/4.24970097):2 t "S" w p ps 2 pt 5 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::12::17 u ((\$1)/3.897762917):2 t "Ss" w p ps 2 pt 4 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::18::23 u ((\$1)/3.788680963):2 t "N" w p ps 2 pt 3 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::24::29 u ((\$1)/4.038160328):2 t "Su" w p ps 2 pt 2 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::30::35 u ((\$1)/4.198358216):2 t "U" w p ps 2 pt 1 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ veryStable u 2:1 t "Very stable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
+ stable u 2:1 t "Stable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
+ slightlyStable u 2:1 t "Slightly stable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
+ neutral u 2:1 t "Neutral" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
+ slightlyUnstable u 2:1 t "Slightly unstable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
+ unstable u 2:1 t "Unstable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
+PLT_K
+
+rm -f {zNorm-kNorm-,z-k-}*.dat
+}
+
+
+printObukhovLength() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ treeH=$2
+ zRef=$3
+ smple=$4
+ shift 4
+ declare -a inps=("${!1}")
+
+ echo " Printing the Obukhov length at a given reference height."
+
+ for i in "${!inps[@]}"
+ do
+ inp="results/${inps[$i]}/$timeDir/$smple"
+ echo $inp
+
+ # Store the ground-normal height profile
+ z=($(awk '{ printf "%.16f\n", $1 }' $inp))
+
+ # Store the Obukhov length profile
+ OL=($(awk '{ printf "%.16f\n", $2 }' $inp))
+
+ file="z-OL-$i.dat"
+ [ ! -f $file ] && for ((j = 0; j < "${#OL[@]}"; j++)) \
+ do printf "%.16f %.16f\n" "${z[$j]}" "${OL[$j]}" \
+ >> $file; done
+
+ # Find the Obukhov length at zRef height by linear interpolation
+ OLRef=$(linearInterp "$file" "$zRef")
+
+ echo "${inps[$i]} = $OLRef" >> "plots/ObukhovLength.dat"
+ done
+
+rm -f z-OL-*.dat
+}
+
+
+plotVeer() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ treeH=$2
+ zRef=$3
+ smple=$4
+ shift 4
+ declare -a inps=("${!1}")
+
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal normalised veer profile."
+
+ for i in "${!inps[@]}"
+ do
+ inp="results/${inps[$i]}/$timeDir/$smple"
+ echo $inp
+
+ # Store the ground-normal height
+ z=($(awk '{ printf "%.16f\n", $1 }' $inp))
+ # Store streamwise and spanwise velocity components
+ u=($(awk '{ printf "%.16f\n", $2 }' $inp))
+ v=($(awk '{ printf "%.16f\n", $3 }' $inp))
+
+ fileu="z-u-$i.dat"
+ [ ! -f $fileu ] && for ((j = 0; j < "${#z[@]}"; j++)) \
+ do printf "%.16f %.16f\n" "${z[$j]}" "${u[$j]}" \
+ >> $fileu; done
+
+ filev="z-v-$i.dat"
+ [ ! -f $filev ] && for ((j = 0; j < "${#z[@]}"; j++)) \
+ do printf "%.16f %.16f\n" "${z[$j]}" "${v[$j]}" \
+ >> $filev; done
+
+ # Find u and v at zRef height by linear interpolation
+ uRef=$(linearInterp "$fileu" "$zRef")
+ vRef=$(linearInterp "$filev" "$zRef")
+
+ # Find z normalised by the reference tree height
+ zNorm=($(awk -v treeH="$treeH" '
+ {
+ zNorm = $1/treeH; printf "%.16f\n", zNorm
+ }' $fileu))
+
+ # Find veer
+ veer=($(awk -v uRef="$uRef" -v vRef="$vRef" '
+ {
+ x = $2/sqrt($2*$2 + $3*$3);
+ xR = uRef/sqrt(uRef*uRef + vRef*vRef);
+ veer = -1*(atan2(sqrt(1 - x*x), x) - atan2(sqrt(1 - xR*xR), xR))*180/atan2(0, -1);
+ printf "%.16f\n", veer
+ }' $inp))
+
+ fil="zNorm-veer-$i.dat"
+ [ ! -f $fil ] && for ((j = 0; j < "${#zNorm[@]}"; j++)) \
+ do printf "%.16f %.16f\n" "${zNorm[$j]}" "${veer[$j]}" \
+ >> $fil; done
+ done
+
+ outName="plots/veer-zNorm.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_VEER
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [-5:20]
+ set yrange [0:7]
+ set grid
+ set key bottom right
+ set key samplen 2
+ set key spacing 0.75
+ set xlabel "alpha/alpha_{ref} [-]"
+ set ylabel "z/z_{ref} [-]"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ veryStable="zNorm-veer-0.dat"
+ stable="zNorm-veer-1.dat"
+ slightlyStable="zNorm-veer-2.dat"
+ neutral="zNorm-veer-3.dat"
+ slightlyUnstable="zNorm-veer-4.dat"
+ unstable="zNorm-veer-5.dat"
+ bench="system/atm-Arnqvist-2015/veer-zNorm.dat"
+
+ plot \
+ bench every ::0::5 u 1:2 t "Vs" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::6::11 u 1:2 t "S" w p ps 2 pt 5 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::12::17 u 1:2 t "Ss" w p ps 2 pt 4 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::18::23 u 1:2 t "N" w p ps 2 pt 3 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::24::29 u 1:2 t "Su" w p ps 2 pt 2 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ bench every ::30::35 u 1:2 t "U" w p ps 2 pt 1 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ veryStable u 2:1 t "Very stable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
+ stable u 2:1 t "Stable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
+ slightlyStable u 2:1 t "Slightly stable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
+ neutral u 2:1 t "Neutral" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
+ slightlyUnstable u 2:1 t "Slightly unstable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
+ unstable u 2:1 t "Unstable" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
+PLT_VEER
+
+rm -f {zNorm-veer-,z-u-,z-v-}*.dat
+}
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Requires gnuplot
+command -v gnuplot >/dev/null || {
+ echo "gnuplot not found - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+# Requires awk
+command -v awk >/dev/null || {
+ echo "awk not found - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+# The latestTime in postProcessing/samples
+timeDir=$(foamListTimes -case results/veryStable/postProcessing/samples \
+ -latestTime 2>/dev/null)
+[ -n "$timeDir" ] || {
+ echo "No results found in postProcessing - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+timeDir="postProcessing/samples/$timeDir"
+
+# Settings
+declare -a stability
+stability[0]="veryStable"
+stability[1]="stable"
+stability[2]="slightlyStable"
+stability[3]="neutral"
+stability[4]="slightlyUnstable"
+stability[5]="unstable"
+sample1="lineZ1_U.xy"
+sample2="lineZ1_ObukhovLength_T_Ustar_k_p_rgh.xy"
+treeHeight=20
+zRef=40
+
+# Postprocessing
+mkdir -p plots
+plotU $timeDir $treeHeight $zRef $sample1 stability[@]
+plotK $timeDir $treeHeight $zRef $sample2 stability[@]
+printObukhovLength $timeDir $treeHeight $zRef $sample2 stability[@]
+plotVeer $timeDir $treeHeight $zRef $sample1 stability[@]
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/blockMeshDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/blockMeshDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ea1398630659f9684839c725becd97215d2553f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/blockMeshDict
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+scale 1;
+
+vertices
+(
+ (0 0 0)
+ (200 0 0)
+ (200 200 0)
+ (0 200 0)
+ (0 0 6000)
+ (200 0 6000)
+ (200 200 6000)
+ (0 200 6000)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+ hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) (3 3 160) simpleGrading (1 1 80)
+);
+
+edges
+(
+);
+
+boundary
+(
+ top
+ {
+ type patch;
+ faces
+ (
+ (4 5 6 7)
+ );
+ }
+ bottom
+ {
+ type wall;
+ faces
+ (
+ (0 1 2 3)
+ );
+ }
+ inlet
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ neighbourPatch outlet;
+ faces
+ (
+ (0 4 7 3)
+ );
+ }
+ outlet
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ neighbourPatch inlet;
+ faces
+ (
+ (1 2 6 5)
+ );
+ }
+ left
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ neighbourPatch right;
+ faces
+ (
+ (0 4 5 1)
+ );
+ }
+ right
+ {
+ type cyclic;
+ neighbourPatch left;
+ faces
+ (
+ (3 7 6 2)
+ );
+ }
+);
+
+mergePatchPairs
+(
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/controlDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/controlDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e93511b11faf89f5d1461945232bfb5c243bba8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/controlDict
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+application buoyantBoussinesqSimpleFoam;
+
+startFrom startTime;
+
+startTime 0;
+
+stopAt endTime;
+
+endTime 100000;
+
+deltaT 1;
+
+writeControl timeStep;
+
+writeInterval 50000;
+
+purgeWrite 0;
+
+writeFormat ascii;
+
+writePrecision 16;
+
+writeCompression off;
+
+timeFormat general;
+
+timePrecision 6;
+
+runTimeModifiable false;
+
+
+functions
+{
+ ObukhovLength1
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries
+ type ObukhovLength;
+ libs (fieldFunctionObjects);
+
+ // Optional entries
+ U U;
+ result1 ObukhovLength;
+ result2 Ustar;
+ rhoRef 1.0;
+ kappa 0.4;
+ beta 3e-3;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries
+ writeControl writeTime;
+ }
+
+ fieldAverage1
+ {
+ type fieldAverage;
+ libs (fieldFunctionObjects);
+ writeControl writeTime;
+
+ fields
+ (
+ U
+ {
+ mean on;
+ prime2Mean off;
+ base time;
+ }
+
+ ObukhovLength
+ {
+ mean on;
+ prime2Mean off;
+ base time;
+ }
+
+ Ustar
+ {
+ mean on;
+ prime2Mean off;
+ base time;
+ }
+ );
+ }
+
+ #includeFunc "turbulenceFields"
+ #includeFunc "samples"
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/decomposeParDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/decomposeParDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36e4e8ebacada268f609b0a2259794d6d9f8dbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/decomposeParDict
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object decomposeParDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+numberOfSubdomains 2;
+
+method hierarchical;
+
+coeffs
+{
+ n (1 1 2);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/fvSchemes b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/fvSchemes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2898f6a38fff96f144d58496b6b62e7dae899526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/fvSchemes
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+ default steadyState;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+ default Gauss linear;
+ grad(U) cellMDLimited Gauss linear 1;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+ default none;
+ div(phi,T) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,U) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,k) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,epsilon) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div(phi,omega) bounded Gauss upwind;
+ div((nuEff*dev(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+ div((nuEff*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+ default Gauss linear corrected;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+ default linear;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+ default corrected;
+}
+
+fluxRequired
+{
+ default no;
+ p_rgh;
+ p_rghPotential;
+}
+
+wallDist
+{
+ method meshWave;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/fvSolution b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/fvSolution
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd77473640bff558bac3e7405a62ef9461d32b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/fvSolution
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+ p_rgh
+ {
+ solver PCG;
+ preconditioner DIC;
+ tolerance 1e-15;
+ relTol 0.1;
+ maxIter 10;
+ }
+
+ "(U|k|epsilon|omega)"
+ {
+ solver PBiCG;
+ preconditioner DILU;
+ tolerance 1e-12;
+ relTol 0.1;
+ }
+
+ T
+ {
+ solver PBiCG;
+ preconditioner DILU;
+ tolerance 1e-15;
+ relTol 0.1;
+ maxIter 10;
+ }
+}
+
+SIMPLE
+{
+ nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+ pRefCell 0;
+ pRefValue 0;
+}
+
+relaxationFactors
+{
+ fields
+ {
+ p_rgh 0.15;
+ }
+ equations
+ {
+ U 0.1;
+ k 0.3;
+ omega 0.3;
+ epsilon 0.3;
+ T 0.015;
+ }
+}
+
+cache
+{
+ grad(U);
+ grad(T);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/samples b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/samples
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9a88977bc91d04494aed1b163e59da1637d2bc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/samples
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*/
+
+type sets;
+libs (sampling);
+interpolationScheme cellPoint;
+setFormat raw;
+
+writeControl writeTime;
+
+fields
+(
+ T
+ p_rgh
+ U
+ k
+ ObukhovLength
+ Ustar
+ turbulenceProperties:R
+);
+
+sets
+(
+ lineZ1
+ {
+ type midPoint;
+ axis z;
+ start (0 0 0);
+ end (0 0 6001);
+ nPoints 200;
+ }
+);
+
+
+// *********************************************************************** //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/setFieldsDict.temp b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/setFieldsDict.temp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b62f09c444395ab92d6a31772aa6571f80ec077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/setFieldsDict.temp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object setFieldsDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+defaultFieldValues
+(
+ volScalarFieldValue qPlant 0
+ volScalarFieldValue plantCd 0
+ volScalarFieldValue leafAreaDensity 0
+);
+
+regions
+(
+ boxToCell
+ {
+ box (0 0 8.60799) (200 200 18.2192);
+ fieldValues
+ (
+ volScalarFieldValue qPlant Q_PLANT
+ );
+ }
+
+ boxToCell
+ {
+ box (0 0 0) (200 200 18.2192);
+ fieldValues
+ (
+ volScalarFieldValue plantCd 0.2
+ volScalarFieldValue leafAreaDensity 0.14
+ );
+ }
+
+ patchToFace
+ {
+ patch bottom;
+ fieldValues
+ (
+ volScalarFieldValue plantCd 0.2
+ volScalarFieldValue leafAreaDensity 0.14
+ );
+ }
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
+
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/turbulenceFields b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/turbulenceFields
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f76ff843cfe6022c7fb358cb7f7b1f41cd4b6f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/atmForestStability/system/turbulenceFields
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*/
+
+type turbulenceFields;
+libs (fieldFunctionObjects);
+field R;
+writeControl writeTime;
+
+
+// *********************************************************************** //