diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/Make/files b/src/atmosphericModels/Make/files
index 644149f5553786301485f97d36296cc4c66358b3..887e1e60596c2febb73f3cce83da8d626289c7fd 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/Make/files
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/Make/files
@@ -1,10 +1,22 @@
+/* Models */
+
+atmosphericTurbulentTransportModels.C
+porosityModels/powerLawLopesdaCosta/powerLawLopesdaCosta.C
+
+
+/* Boundary conditions */
+
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
+derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
-atmosphericTurbulentTransportModels.C
-porosityModels/powerLawLopesdaCosta/powerLawLopesdaCosta.C
+
+/* Wall function BCs */
+
+
+/* fvOptions */
LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libatmosphericModels
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
index d80ccaac8dbc6abf5ce30ae4361b27f976b7aa0a..dca3c7b8d046b54f006818b1239a47e8400c74a6 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
@@ -37,16 +37,20 @@ namespace Foam
atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer(const Time& time, const polyPatch& pp)
:
+ initABL_(false),
+ kappa_(0.41),
+ Cmu_(0.09),
+ C1_(0.0),
+ C2_(1.0),
+ ppMin_((boundBox(pp.points())).min()),
time_(time),
patch_(pp),
flowDir_(time, "flowDir"),
zDir_(time, "zDir"),
- kappa_(0.41),
- Cmu_(0.09),
Uref_(time, "Uref"),
Zref_(time, "Zref"),
z0_(),
- zGround_()
+ d_()
{}
@@ -57,6 +61,15 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer
const dictionary& dict
)
:
+ initABL_(dict.getOrDefault<Switch>("initABL", true)),
+ kappa_
+ (
+ dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>("kappa", 0.41, scalarMinMax::ge(SMALL))
+ ),
+ Cmu_(dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>("Cmu", 0.09, scalarMinMax::ge(SMALL))),
+ C1_(dict.getOrDefault("C1", 0.0)),
+ C2_(dict.getOrDefault("C2", 1.0)),
+ ppMin_((boundBox(pp.points())).min()),
time_(time),
patch_(pp),
flowDir_(TimeFunction1<vector>(time, "flowDir", dict)),
@@ -66,7 +79,7 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer
Uref_(TimeFunction1<scalar>(time, "Uref", dict)),
Zref_(TimeFunction1<scalar>(time, "Zref", dict)),
z0_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(pp, "z0", dict)),
- zGround_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(pp, "zGround", dict))
+ d_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(pp, "d", dict))
{}
@@ -77,31 +90,39 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer
const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
)
:
+ initABL_(abl.initABL_),
+ kappa_(abl.kappa_),
+ Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
+ C1_(abl.C1_),
+ C2_(abl.C2_),
+ ppMin_(abl.ppMin_),
time_(abl.time_),
patch_(patch.patch()),
flowDir_(abl.flowDir_),
zDir_(abl.zDir_),
- kappa_(abl.kappa_),
- Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
Uref_(abl.Uref_),
Zref_(abl.Zref_),
z0_(abl.z0_.clone(patch_)),
- zGround_(abl.zGround_.clone(patch_))
+ d_(abl.d_.clone(patch_))
{}
atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer(const atmBoundaryLayer& abl)
:
+ initABL_(abl.initABL_),
+ kappa_(abl.kappa_),
+ Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
+ C1_(abl.C1_),
+ C2_(abl.C2_),
+ ppMin_(abl.ppMin_),
time_(abl.time_),
patch_(abl.patch_),
flowDir_(abl.flowDir_),
zDir_(abl.zDir_),
- kappa_(abl.kappa_),
- Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
Uref_(abl.Uref_),
Zref_(abl.Zref_),
z0_(abl.z0_.clone(patch_)),
- zGround_(abl.zGround_.clone(patch_))
+ d_(abl.d_.clone(patch_))
{}
@@ -110,13 +131,13 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer(const atmBoundaryLayer& abl)
vector atmBoundaryLayer::flowDir() const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
- vector dir(flowDir_.value(t));
+ const vector dir(flowDir_.value(t));
const scalar magDir = mag(dir);
if (magDir < SMALL)
{
FatalErrorInFunction
- << "magnitude of " << flowDir_.name()
+ << "magnitude of " << flowDir_.name() << " = " << magDir
<< " vector must be greater than zero"
<< abort(FatalError);
}
@@ -128,13 +149,13 @@ vector atmBoundaryLayer::flowDir() const
vector atmBoundaryLayer::zDir() const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
- vector dir(zDir_.value(t));
+ const vector dir(zDir_.value(t));
const scalar magDir = mag(dir);
if (magDir < SMALL)
{
FatalErrorInFunction
- << "magnitude of " << zDir_.name()
+ << "magnitude of " << zDir_.name() << " = " << magDir
<< " vector must be greater than zero"
<< abort(FatalError);
}
@@ -149,14 +170,22 @@ tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::Ustar(const scalarField& z0) const
const scalar Uref = Uref_.value(t);
const scalar Zref = Zref_.value(t);
- return kappa_*Uref/(log((Zref + z0)/z0));
+ if (Zref < 0)
+ {
+ FatalErrorInFunction
+ << "Negative entry in " << Zref_.name() << " = " << Zref
+ << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+
+ // (derived from RH:Eq. 6, HW:Eq. 5)
+ return kappa_*Uref/log((Zref + z0)/z0);
}
void atmBoundaryLayer::autoMap(const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper)
{
z0_->autoMap(mapper);
- zGround_->autoMap(mapper);
+ d_->autoMap(mapper);
}
@@ -167,51 +196,80 @@ void atmBoundaryLayer::rmap
)
{
z0_->rmap(abl.z0_(), addr);
- zGround_->rmap(abl.zGround_(), addr);
+ d_->rmap(abl.d_(), addr);
}
-tmp<vectorField> atmBoundaryLayer::U(const vectorField& p) const
+tmp<vectorField> atmBoundaryLayer::U(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
- const scalarField zGround(zGround_->value(t));
+ const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
+ const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
- scalarField Un((Ustar(z0)/kappa_)*log(((zDir() & p) - zGround + z0)/z0));
+ // (YGCJ:Table 1, RH:Eq. 6, HW:Eq. 5)
+ scalarField Un
+ (
+ (Ustar(z0)/kappa_)*log(((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0)/z0)
+ );
return flowDir()*Un;
}
-tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::k(const vectorField& p) const
+tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::k(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
+ const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
+ const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
- return sqr(Ustar(z0))/sqrt(Cmu_);
+ // (YGCJ:Eq. 21; RH:Eq. 7, HW:Eq. 6 when C1=0 and C2=1)
+ return
+ sqr(Ustar(z0))/sqrt(Cmu_)
+ *sqrt(C1_*log(((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0)/z0) + C2_);
}
-tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::epsilon(const vectorField& p) const
+tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::epsilon(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
- const scalarField zGround(zGround_->value(t));
+ const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
+ const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
- return pow3(Ustar(z0))/(kappa_*((zDir() & p) - zGround + z0));
+ // (YGCJ:Eq. 22; RH:Eq. 8, HW:Eq. 7 when C1=0 and C2=1)
+ return
+ pow3(Ustar(z0))/(kappa_*((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0))
+ *sqrt(C1_*log(((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0)/z0) + C2_);
+}
+
+
+tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::omega(const vectorField& pCf) const
+{
+ const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
+ const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
+ const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
+ const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
+
+ // (YGJ:Eq. 13)
+ return Ustar(z0)/(kappa_*sqrt(Cmu_)*((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0));
}
void atmBoundaryLayer::write(Ostream& os) const
{
- z0_->writeData(os) ;
- flowDir_.writeData(os);
- zDir_.writeData(os);
+ os.writeEntry("initABL", initABL_);
os.writeEntry("kappa", kappa_);
os.writeEntry("Cmu", Cmu_);
+ os.writeEntry("C1", C1_);
+ os.writeEntry("C2", C2_);
+ flowDir_.writeData(os);
+ zDir_.writeData(os);
Uref_.writeData(os);
Zref_.writeData(os);
- zGround_->writeData(os);
+ z0_->writeData(os) ;
+ d_->writeData(os);
}
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.H
index 888801476f99f22a61f31c93b5d596a6faa1e97f..c030615facd4a56492859e9ddda7b94c684e5f7e 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.H
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.H
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2014-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
- Copyright (C) 2015 OpenCFD Ltd.
+ Copyright (C) 2015-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -31,84 +31,156 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
- This class provides functions to evaluate the velocity and turbulence
- distributions appropriate for atmospheric boundary layers (ABL).
+ Base class to set log-law type ground-normal inflow boundary conditions for
+ wind velocity and turbulence quantities for homogeneous, two-dimensional,
+ dry-air, equilibrium and neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) modelling.
- The profile is derived from the friction velocity, flow direction and
- "vertical" direction:
+ The ground-normal profile expressions are due to \c YGCJ
+ (refer to references below) whereat \c RH expressions were generalised:
- \f[
- U = \frac{U^*}{\kappa} ln\left(\frac{z - z_g + z_0}{z_0}\right)
- \f]
+ \f[
+ u = \frac{u^*}{\kappa} \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right)
+ \f]
- \f[
- k = \frac{(U^*)^2}{\sqrt{C_{\mu}}}
- \f]
+ \f[
+ v = w = 0
+ \f]
- \f[
- \epsilon = \frac{(U^*)^3}{\kappa(z - z_g + z_0)}
- \f]
+ \f[
+ k = \frac{(u^*)^2}{\sqrt{C_\mu}}
+ \sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
+ \f]
+
+ \f[
+ \epsilon = \frac{(u^*)^3}{\kappa (z - d + z_0)}
+ \sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
+ \f]
+
+ \f[
+ \omega = \frac{u^*}{\kappa \sqrt{C_\mu}} \frac{1}{z - d + z_0}
+ \f]
+
+ \f[
+ u^* =
+ \frac{u_{ref} \kappa}{\ln\left(\frac{z_{ref} + z_0}{z_0}\right)}
+ \f]
where
\vartable
- U^* | Friction velocity
- \kappa | von Karman's constant
- C_{\mu} | Turbulence viscosity coefficient
- z | Vertical coordinate
- z_0 | Surface roughness height [m]
- z_g | Minimum z-coordinate [m]
- \endvartable
- and
- \f[
- U^* = \kappa\frac{U_{ref}}{ln\left(\frac{Z_{ref} + z_0}{z_0}\right)}
- \f]
- where
- \vartable
- U_{ref} | Reference velocity at \f$Z_{ref}\f$ [m/s]
- Z_{ref} | Reference height [m]
+ u | Ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile [m/s]
+ v | Spanwise flow speed [m/s]
+ w | Ground-normal flow speed [m/s]
+ k | Ground-normal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) profile [m^2/s^2]
+ \epsilon | Ground-normal TKE dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
+ \omega | Ground-normal specific dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
+ u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
+ \kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
+ C_\mu | Empirical model constant [-]
+ z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
+ d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
+ z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
+ u_{ref} | Reference mean streamwise wind speed at \f$z_{ref}\f$ [m/s]
+ z_{ref} | Reference height being used in \f$u^*\f$ estimations [m]
+ C_1 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
+ C_2 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
\endvartable
- Use in the atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity, atmBoundaryLayerInletK and
- atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon boundary conditions.
+Note
+ - The \c RH expressions are special cases of those in \c YGCJ when \c C1=0
+ and \c C2=1. Both \c C1 and \c C2 can be determined by nonlinear fitting
+ of (\c YGCJ:Eq. 19) with an experimental dataset for \c k. By default,
+ \c atmBoundaryLayerInlet boundary conditions compute \c RH expressions.
+ - \c z is the ground-normal height relative to the global minimum height
+ of the inlet patch; therefore, the minimum of \c z is always zero
+ irrespective of the absolute z-coordinate of the computational patch.
Reference:
- D.M. Hargreaves and N.G. Wright, "On the use of the k-epsilon model
- in commercial CFD software to model the neutral atmospheric boundary
- layer", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
- 95(2007), pp 355-369.
+ \verbatim
+ The ground-normal profile expressions (tag:RH):
+ Richards, P. J., & Hoxey, R. P. (1993).
+ Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind
+ engineering models using the k-ε turbulence model.
+ In Computational Wind Engineering 1 (pp. 145-153).
+ DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-81688-7.50018-8
+
+ Modifications to preserve the profiles downstream (tag:HW):
+ Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+ On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+ to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+ Journal of wind engineering and
+ industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+ DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+
+ Expression generalisations to allow height
+ variation for turbulence quantities (tag:YGCJ):
+ Yang, Y., Gu, M., Chen, S., & Jin, X. (2009).
+ New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the neutral equilibrium
+ atmospheric boundary layer in computational wind engineering.
+ J. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 97(2), 88-95.
+ DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2008.12.001
+
+ The generalised ground-normal profile expression for omega (tag:YGJ):
+ Yang, Y., Gu, M., & Jin, X., (2009).
+ New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the
+ neutral equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer in SST k-ω model.
+ In: The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering,
+ November 8-12, Taipei, Taiwan.
+
+ Theoretical remarks (tag:E):
+ Emeis, S. (2013).
+ Wind Energy Meteorology: Atmospheric
+ Physics for Wind Power Generation.
+ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
+ DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-30523-8
+ \endverbatim
Usage
\table
- Property | Description | Required | Default
- flowDir | Flow direction | yes |
- zDir | Vertical direction | yes |
- kappa | von Karman's constant | no | 0.41
- Cmu | Turbulence viscosity coefficient | no | 0.09
- Uref | Reference velocity [m/s] | yes |
- Zref | Reference height [m] | yes |
- z0 | Surface roughness height [m] | yes |
- zGround | Minimum z-coordinate [m] | yes |
+ Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Deflt
+ flowDir | Flow direction | TimeFunction1<vector> | yes | -
+ zDir | Ground-normal direction | TimeFunction1<vector> | yes | -
+ Uref | Reference mean streamwise flow speed being used in <!--
+ --> \f$u^*\f$ estimations [m/s] | TimeFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ Zref | Reference height being used in \f$u^*\f$ estimations [m] <!--
+ --> | TimeFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ z0 | Surface roughness length [m] <!--
+ --> | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ d | Displacement height [m] - see Notes <!--
+ --> | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
+ kappa | von Kármán constant | scalar | no | 0.41
+ Cmu | Empirical model constant | scalar | no | 0.09
+ initABL | Flag to initialise profiles with the theoretical <!--
+ --> ABL expressions, otherwise use "value" list <!--
+ --> | bool | no | true
+ value | ABL profile content when initABL=false <!--
+ --> | scalarList | conditional | -
+ phi | Name of the flux field | word | no | phi
+ C1 | Curve-fitting coefficient \c YGCJ profiles | scalar | no | 0.0
+ C2 | Curve-fitting coefficient \c YGCJ profiles | scalar | no | 1.0
\endtable
- Example of the boundary condition specification:
- \verbatim
- ground
- {
- type atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity;
- flowDir (1 0 0);
- zDir (0 0 1);
- Uref 10.0;
- Zref 20.0;
- z0 uniform 0.1;
- zGround uniform 0.0;
- }
- \endverbatim
-
Note
- D.M. Hargreaves and N.G. Wright recommend Gamma epsilon in the
- k-epsilon model should be changed from 1.3 to 1.11 for consistency.
- The roughness height (Er) is given by Er = 20 z0 following the same
- reference.
+ - The derived ABL expressions automatically satisfy the simplified transport
+ equation for \c k. Yet the same expressions only satisfy the simplified
+ transport equation for \c epsilon when the model constants \c sigmaEpsilon
+ is 1.11 with \c kappa=0.4 (\c HW:p. 358).
+ - \c atmBoundaryLayerInlet boundary conditions inherit \c inletOutlet
+ traits, so that a given inlet condition can be supplied from all sides of
+ the domain, e.g. a ground-normal cylinder domain having a single
+ inlet/outlet boundary where the changes between inlet and outlet depend
+ on the wind direction and patch normals, so that any change in inflow
+ orientation can be handled with the same mesh.
+ - \c d is the displacement height, and "is relevant for flows over forests
+ and cities" (E:p. 28). "The displacement height gives the vertical
+ displacement of the entire flow regime over areas which are densely covered
+ with obstacles such as trees or buildings" (E:p. 28).
+
+See also
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+ - ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayer.C
@@ -133,7 +205,33 @@ namespace Foam
class atmBoundaryLayer
{
- // Private data
+protected:
+
+ // Protected Data
+
+ //- Flag to initialise profiles with the theoretical ABL expressions,
+ //- otherwise initialises by using "value" entry content
+ Switch initABL_;
+
+
+private:
+
+ // Private Data
+
+ //- von Kármán constant
+ const scalar kappa_;
+
+ //- Empirical model constant
+ const scalar Cmu_;
+
+ //- Curve-fitting coefficient
+ const scalar C1_;
+
+ //- Curve-fitting coefficient
+ const scalar C2_;
+
+ //- Minimum coordinate vector of this patch
+ const vector ppMin_;
//- Reference to the time database
const Time& time_;
@@ -141,29 +239,23 @@ class atmBoundaryLayer
//- Reference to the patch
const polyPatch& patch_;
- //- Flow direction
+ //- Streamwise flow direction
TimeFunction1<vector> flowDir_;
- //- Direction of the z-coordinate
+ //- Direction of the ground-normal coordinate
TimeFunction1<vector> zDir_;
- //- Von Karman constant
- const scalar kappa_;
-
- //- Turbulent viscosity coefficient
- const scalar Cmu_;
-
- //- Reference velocity
+ //- Reference mean streamwise flow speed being used in Ustar estimations
TimeFunction1<scalar> Uref_;
- //- Reference height
+ //- Reference height being used in Ustar estimations
TimeFunction1<scalar> Zref_;
- //- Surface roughness height
+ //- Surface roughness length
autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> z0_;
- //- Minimum coordinate value in z direction
- autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> zGround_;
+ //- Displacement height
+ autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> d_;
public:
@@ -193,14 +285,14 @@ public:
atmBoundaryLayer(const atmBoundaryLayer&);
- // Member functions
+ // Member Functions
// Access
//- Return flow direction
vector flowDir() const;
- //- Return z-direction
+ //- Return the ground-normal direction
vector zDir() const;
//- Return friction velocity
@@ -219,14 +311,16 @@ public:
// Evaluate functions
//- Return the velocity distribution for the ATM
- tmp<vectorField> U(const vectorField& p) const;
+ tmp<vectorField> U(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Return the turbulent kinetic energy distribution for the ATM
- tmp<scalarField> k(const vectorField& p) const;
+ tmp<scalarField> k(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Return the turbulent dissipation rate distribution for the ATM
- tmp<scalarField> epsilon(const vectorField& p) const;
+ tmp<scalarField> epsilon(const vectorField& pCf) const;
+ //- Return the specific dissipation rate distribution for the ATM
+ tmp<scalarField> omega(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Write
void write(Ostream&) const;
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
index 1a78cf0601bf60f2b2580ef7969ab70787ed9b07..aff00e89bae2604df1acf9abe4697951a267b9fb 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ License
#include "atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "turbulenceModel.H"
#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
#include "volFields.H"
#include "surfaceFields.H"
@@ -68,13 +69,14 @@ atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
refGrad() = 0;
valueFraction() = 1;
- if (dict.found("value"))
+ if (!initABL_)
{
scalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
scalarField::operator=(refValue());
+ initABL_ = false;
}
}
@@ -148,8 +150,8 @@ void atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField::rmap
void atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
- atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
+ atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.H
index 30dea1d0704b4d8e7b7986c135bc075d2d245505..e6c8318612043582734d273ab0e76fab3d39586b 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.H
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -30,28 +31,74 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
- This boundary condition specifies an inlet value for the turbulence
- dissipation, \f$\epsilon\f$, appropriate for atmospheric boundary layers.
-
- See Foam::atmBoundaryLayer for details.
+ This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
+ boundary condition for turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, i.e.
+ \c epsilon, for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and
+ neutral atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ The ground-normal \c epsilon profile expression:
+
+ \f[
+ \epsilon = \frac{(u^*)^3}{\kappa (z - d + z_0)}
+ \sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
+ \f]
+
+ where
+ \vartable
+ \epsilon | Ground-normal TKE dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
+ u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
+ \kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
+ z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
+ z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
+ d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
+ C_1 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
+ C_2 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
+ \endvartable
+
+Usage
+ \heading Required fields
+ \plaintable
+ epsilon | Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate [m^2/s^3]
+ \endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
- ground
+ inlet
{
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon;
+
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ flowDir (1 0 0);
z (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
- Zref 20.0;
+ Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
- zGround uniform 0.0;
+ d uniform 0.0;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ kappa 0.41;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ initABL true;
+ phi phi;
+ C1 0.0;
+ C2 1.0;
+
+ // Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
+ value uniform 0; // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
+ - \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
+
See also
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer,
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField,
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
+ - ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -104,7 +151,7 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
- // atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
+ //- atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField&,
@@ -142,12 +189,11 @@ public:
}
- // Member functions
+ // Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();
-
// Mapping functions
//- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
index b297eadfeae977a58b1f7e3fd02f5481b76c0527..7fc3d768e3f0d38032aa3925db54a86c7327d149 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -68,13 +68,14 @@ atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
refGrad() = 0;
valueFraction() = 1;
- if (dict.found("value"))
+ if (!initABL_)
{
scalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
scalarField::operator=(refValue());
+ initABL_ = false;
}
}
@@ -148,8 +149,8 @@ void atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField::rmap
void atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
- atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
+ atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.H
index f4f98cce1fced409089a806d4c6f1feffdc80b22..a5a2e47f086860b6d280f265959700db1de4b7f6 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.H
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2014-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -30,28 +31,71 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
- This boundary condition specifies an inlet value for the turbulence
- kinetic energy, \f$k\f$, appropriate for atmospheric boundary layers.
-
- See Foam::atmBoundaryLayer for details.
+ This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
+ boundary condition for turbulent kinetic energy, i.e. \c k,
+ for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral
+ atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ The ground-normal \c k profile expression:
+
+ \f[
+ k = \frac{(u^*)^2}{\sqrt{C_\mu}}
+ \sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
+ \f]
+
+ where
+ \vartable
+ k | Ground-normal turbulent kinetic energy profile [m^2/s^3]
+ u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
+ C_\mu | Empirical model constant [-]
+ C_1 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
+ C_2 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
+ \endvartable
+
+Usage
+ \heading Required fields
+ \plaintable
+ k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m^2/s^2]
+ \endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
- ground
+ inlet
{
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletK;
- z (0 0 1);
+
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
Uref 10.0;
- Zref 20.0;
+ Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
- zGround uniform 0.0;
+ d uniform 0.0;
+ flowDir (1 0 0); // not used
+ z (0 0 1); // not used
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ kappa 0.41;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ initABL true;
+ phi phi;
+ C1 0.0;
+ C2 1.0;
+
+ // Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
+ value uniform 0; // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
+ - \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
+
See also
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer,
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField,
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+ - ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletK
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -104,7 +148,7 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
- // atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
+ //- atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField&,
@@ -142,7 +186,7 @@ public:
}
- // Member functions
+ // Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7cc4e9490d762f9a28ae5157b52082b2f33fd7e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
+#include "volFields.H"
+#include "surfaceFields.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
+atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+ atmBoundaryLayer(iF.time(), p.patch())
+{}
+
+
+atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
+atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+ inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
+ atmBoundaryLayer(iF.time(), p.patch(), dict)
+{
+ phiName_ = dict.getOrDefault<word>("phi", "phi");
+
+ refValue() = omega(patch().Cf());
+ refGrad() = 0;
+ valueFraction() = 1;
+
+ if (!initABL_)
+ {
+ scalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ scalarField::operator=(refValue());
+ initABL_ = false;
+ }
+}
+
+
+atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
+atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField& psf,
+ const fvPatch& p,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
+)
+:
+ inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(psf, p, iF, mapper),
+ atmBoundaryLayer(psf, p, mapper)
+{}
+
+
+atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
+atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+(
+ const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField& psf,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+)
+:
+ inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(psf, iF),
+ atmBoundaryLayer(psf)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()
+{
+ if (updated())
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ refValue() = omega(patch().Cf());
+
+ inletOutletFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs();
+}
+
+
+void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
+(
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
+)
+{
+ inletOutletFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
+ atmBoundaryLayer::autoMap(m);
+}
+
+
+void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::rmap
+(
+ const fvPatchScalarField& psf,
+ const labelList& addr
+)
+{
+ inletOutletFvPatchScalarField::rmap(psf, addr);
+
+ const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField& blpsf =
+ refCast<const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField>(psf);
+
+ atmBoundaryLayer::rmap(blpsf, addr);
+}
+
+
+void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
+{
+ fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
+ os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
+ atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
+ writeEntry("value", os);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+makePatchTypeField
+(
+ fvPatchScalarField,
+ atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+);
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b755ae223ddcc6a17c07867bc01b7ee29a31681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.H
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+
+Group
+ grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
+
+Description
+ This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
+ boundary condition for specific dissipation rate, i.e. \c omega,
+ for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral
+ atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ The ground-normal \c omega profile expression:
+
+ \f[
+ \omega = \frac{u^*}{\kappa \sqrt{C_\mu}} \frac{1}{z - d + z_0}
+ \f]
+
+ where
+ \vartable
+ \omega | Ground-normal specific dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
+ u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
+ \kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
+ C_\mu | Empirical model constant [-]
+ z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
+ d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
+ z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
+ \endvartable
+
+Usage
+ \heading Required fields
+ \plaintable
+ omega | Specific dissipation rate [1/s]
+ \endplaintable
+
+ Example of the boundary condition specification:
+ \verbatim
+ inlet
+ {
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
+ type atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega;
+
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ flowDir (1 0 0);
+ z (0 0 1);
+ Uref 10.0;
+ Zref 0.0;
+ z0 uniform 0.1;
+ d uniform 0.0;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ kappa 0.41;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ initABL true;
+ phi phi;
+ C1 0.0;
+ C2 1.0;
+
+ // Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
+ value uniform 0; // when initABL=false
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
+ - \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
+
+See also
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVelocityField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
+ - ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega
+
+SourceFiles
+ atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField_H
+#define atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField_H
+
+#include "fvPatchFields.H"
+#include "inletOutletFvPatchFields.H"
+#include "atmBoundaryLayer.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+:
+ public inletOutletFvPatchScalarField,
+ public atmBoundaryLayer
+{
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from patch and internal field
+ atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
+ atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const dictionary&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct by mapping given
+ //- atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
+ atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const fvPatch&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField(*this)
+ );
+ }
+
+ //- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
+ atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+ (
+ const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField&,
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
+ );
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
+ virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
+ (
+ const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
+ ) const
+ {
+ return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
+ (
+ new atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
+ virtual void updateCoeffs();
+
+
+ // Mapping functions
+
+ //- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
+ virtual void autoMap
+ (
+ const fvPatchFieldMapper&
+ );
+
+ //- Reverse map the given fvPatchField onto this fvPatchField
+ virtual void rmap
+ (
+ const fvPatchScalarField&,
+ const labelList&
+ );
+
+
+ //- Write
+ virtual void write(Ostream&) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
index 23e2e21ac8989e4c16149e3a8a7f99b52a617583..077a47391b1d05112207ad2a8796d484c99e013f 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
@@ -68,13 +68,14 @@ atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
refGrad() = Zero;
valueFraction() = 1;
- if (dict.found("value"))
+ if (!initABL_)
{
vectorField::operator=(vectorField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
vectorField::operator=(refValue());
+ initABL_ = false;
}
}
@@ -148,8 +149,8 @@ void atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField::rmap
void atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchVectorField::write(os);
- atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
+ atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}
diff --git a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.H b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.H
index 4a5a68ffaf184dfb759260cc17c211ecd3a620b3..e6fa274cc8fb0d8723526224e1d25c699b951cbc 100644
--- a/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.H
+++ b/src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.H
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -30,29 +31,77 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
- This boundary condition specifies a velocity inlet profile appropriate
- for atmospheric boundary layers (ABL).
-
- See Foam::atmBoundaryLayer for details.
+ This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
+ boundary condition for streamwise component of wind velocity, i.e. \c u,
+ for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral
+ atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
+
+ The ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile expression:
+
+ \f[
+ u = \frac{u^*}{\kappa} \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right)
+ \f]
+
+ \f[
+ v = w = 0
+ \f]
+
+ where
+ \vartable
+ u | Ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile [m/s]
+ v | Spanwise flow speed [m/s]
+ w | Ground-normal flow speed [m/s]
+ u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
+ \kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
+ z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
+ d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
+ z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
+ \endvartable
+
+Usage
+ \heading Required fields
+ \plaintable
+ U | Velocity [m/s]
+ \endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
- ground
+ inlet
{
+ // Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity;
- n (1 0 0);
+
+ // Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ flowDir (1 0 0);
z (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
- Zref 20.0;
+ Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
- zGround uniform 0.0;
+ d uniform 0.0;
+
+ // Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
+ kappa 0.41;
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ initABL true;
+ phi phi;
+ C1 0.0;
+ C2 1.0;
+
+ // Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
+ value uniform (0 0 0); // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
+ The inherited entries are elaborated in:
+ - \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
+ - \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
+
See also
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer,
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField,
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
+ - Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
+ - ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
@@ -105,7 +154,7 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
- // atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField onto a new patch
+ //- atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField&,
@@ -143,7 +192,7 @@ public:
}
- // Member functions
+ // Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();
diff --git a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/U b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/U
index a9827c03f09e5215c8d2e40c353d6f6ef9a710f5..60959f2bbf1133206e2cd0cc0650e0acd2512af3 100644
--- a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/U
+++ b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/U
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ FoamFile
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volVectorField;
- location "0";
object U;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
diff --git a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/epsilon b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/epsilon
index af522fe72d38541920d6453ef0657700dfae28aa..1cfbc5f0b19740836d7a4287ed4f5f66476d1ab9 100644
--- a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/epsilon
+++ b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/epsilon
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ FoamFile
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
- location "0";
object epsilon;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
diff --git a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/include/ABLConditions b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/include/ABLConditions
index 05c1a96e96cccc0955f1678dc7d17b299c695ea7..9d4e3460784e2105b7f95898ea8327dbbc35e3e2 100644
--- a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/include/ABLConditions
+++ b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/include/ABLConditions
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ Zref 20;
zDir (0 0 1);
flowDir (1 0 0);
z0 uniform 0.1;
-zGround uniform 935.0;
+d uniform 0.0;
// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/nut b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/nut
index ce7241ea478b442fbdd0f7c2495b1f7d395d08a5..aa772bc020f08c7f183e1070e84051ef0d9eb7dd 100644
--- a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/nut
+++ b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/nut
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ FoamFile
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
- location "0";
object nut;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
diff --git a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/Allrun b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/Allrun
index a4566f2fbc132f34ba02e5e57405708e7f136f7c..86a3f1fc77c957dace816317476ec0e6edba89c4 100755
--- a/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/Allrun
+++ b/tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/Allrun
@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@ cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Make dummy 0 directory
-rm -rf 0
-mkdir 0
+restore0Dir
runApplication blockMesh
-cp system/decomposeParDict.hierarchical system/decomposeParDict
+
+cp -f system/decomposeParDict.hierarchical system/decomposeParDict
+
runApplication decomposePar
-cp system/decomposeParDict.ptscotch system/decomposeParDict
+cp -f system/decomposeParDict.ptscotch system/decomposeParDict
+
runParallel snappyHexMesh -overwrite
find . -iname '*level*' -type f -delete
@@ -20,9 +21,11 @@ find . -iname '*level*' -type f -delete
restore0Dir -processor
runParallel topoSet
+
runParallel $(getApplication)
runApplication reconstructParMesh -constant
+
runApplication reconstructPar
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29f2449e1166c97a2e1c604e473ec074cc07c793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+# Journal of wind engineering and
+# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+# Fig. 6a
+5.91040498512291, 0.1664466550044139
+6.231131486544684, 0.20004461022864461
+6.510015557466532, 0.19864177284976137
+6.802843831934471, 0.19716879360193929
+7.332743206409284, 0.264925839001954
+7.806875586561379, 0.3681746700877184
+8.25311955962129, 0.4715637849113534
+8.62964251495074, 0.5753036090797181
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+9.996321760392572, 1.0965979790724703
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+10.833170370391153, 1.7966138311348487
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+15.969841802028782, 45.43274727463769
+16.03311117065377, 47.29862620135487
+16.089418257367353, 49.199751417216476
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16ed7e7e210d038fbee0b1a9c830b50c2c3c175d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+# Journal of wind engineering and
+# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+# Fig. 6c
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diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-HW-Fig6b-2500 b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-HW-Fig6b-2500
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edf36ad4d54e26607b66f5a15501c8d8a24f1487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-HW-Fig6b-2500
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+# Journal of wind engineering and
+# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+# Fig. 6b - 2500
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diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-HW-Fig6b-4000 b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-HW-Fig6b-4000
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e16d231f0ad7332f1389cd8017037c7c144c8421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-HW-Fig6b-4000
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+# Journal of wind engineering and
+# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+# Fig. 6b - 4000
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+1.5080058224163029, 0.5331037225596802
+1.5308102862688013, 0.4979074230465059
+1.549247937894226, 0.4628613923642817
+1.5657447840853955, 0.46229371011408205
+1.5822416302765647, 0.4617260278638611
+1.6026200873362444, 0.4266132110345495
+1.6200873362445416, 0.39160057342586185
+1.6424065987384764, 0.3908325327344002
+1.6618146530810287, 0.39016467126356247
+1.680737506065017, 0.389513506329493
+1.6996603590490054, 0.3888623413954235
+1.7229500242600682, 0.38806090763041823
+1.7462396894711305, 0.3528479115804899
+1.7656477438136826, 0.35218005010965925
+1.7889374090247454, 0.35137861634463263
+1.8131974769529355, 0.35054378950608367
+1.8316351285783603, 0.3499093211087967
+1.8510431829209124, 0.34924145963795894
+1.8685104318292094, 0.3486403843142014
+1.8898592916060166, 0.3134941744113604
+1.913148956817079, 0.312692740646348
+1.950024260067928, 0.31142380385176693
+1.977195536147501, 0.27607723550765684
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-RH-Fig6b b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-RH-Fig6b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abfb0a52384784eca56126ca448f56d231ccbbc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-RH-Fig6b
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+# Journal of wind engineering and
+# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+# Fig. 6b
+1.3027210884353742, 0.3334523040892563
+1.3027210884353742, 49.164263858422125
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-2500 b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-2500
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..923ed5135b4d402ac3e0bb1663d21bbaaf3e9a64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-2500
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+# Journal of wind engineering and
+# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+# Fig. 6d - 2500
+1.091431306845383, 0.577445652173914
+2.4700813786500753, 1.3247282608695627
+3.848731450454764, 2.0720108695652186
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+6.95069411201532, 3.7703804347826093
+8.788894207754907, 4.789402173913047
+10.971756821445666, 5.944293478260867
+12.924844423168985, 7.03125
+14.935375777884154, 8.118206521739125
+17.290569650550502, 9.408967391304344
+20.105313547151752, 10.9375
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+25.102920057443754, 13.620923913043477
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+48.310196266156055, 26.324728260869563
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+54.51412158927717, 29.789402173913043
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+65.5433221637147, 36.03940217391305
+67.15174724748682, 37.02445652173913
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+70.94303494494973, 39.19836956521739
+72.32168501675443, 40.047554347826086
+74.27477261847774, 41.202445652173914
+76.11297271421732, 42.255434782608695
+77.95117280995692, 43.34239130434783
+79.55959789372905, 44.327445652173914
+81.22546673049307, 45.346467391304344
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+84.67209191000478, 47.452445652173914
+86.16562948779321, 48.40353260869565
+87.8314983245572, 49.49048913043478
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-4000 b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-4000
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c156ab2b04424ac7db09722686700530970b60f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-4000
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+# Journal of wind engineering and
+# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+# Fig. 6d - 4000
+0.7467687888942081, 0.5095108695652186
+1.7807563427477255, 1.188858695652172
+3.1594064145524143, 2.0040760869565233
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+6.376256582096698, 3.702445652173914
+8.099569171852565, 4.721467391304351
+9.593106749640981, 5.502717391304344
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+13.039731929152708, 7.404891304347821
+14.360938247965535, 8.118206521739125
+15.797032072762086, 8.865489130434781
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+20.392532312111058, 11.345108695652172
+21.886069889899474, 12.194293478260867
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+83.06366682623265, 47.961956521739125
+84.38487314504546, 48.91304347826087
+85.59119195787459, 49.76222826086956
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-RH-Fig6d b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-RH-Fig6d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9abbddd6fa713a81168835b63af861f9cdf28154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-RH-Fig6d
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+# Journal of wind engineering and
+# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+# Fig. 6d
+1.2063188128291067, 0.6453804347826093
+3.6189564384873165, 1.936141304347828
+5.801819052178079, 3.0910326086956488
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+45.55289612254667, 24.728260869565215
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+52.7908089995213, 28.77038043478261
+55.72044040210628, 30.4008152173913
+59.052178075634274, 32.13315217391304
+61.86692197223552, 33.661684782608695
+64.73910962182862, 35.224184782608695
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+72.43657252273816, 39.43614130434783
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+85.99329822881762, 46.908967391304344
+88.75059837242699, 48.40353260869565
+91.16323599808521, 49.69429347826087
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/U b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/U
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47f6eb3608490ca082656c57cf8e773df9706687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/U
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volVectorField;
+ object U;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform (0 0 0);
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ inlet
+ {
+ type atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity;
+ #include "include/ABLConditions"
+ value uniform (0 0 0);
+ }
+
+ ground
+ {
+ type noSlip;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ // (HW:p. 365):
+ // "In addition, as suggested by RH and often ignored by others, a"
+ // "constant shear stress of rho*(u^*)^2 was applied at the top boundary."
+ //
+ // u^* ~ Uref*kappa/ln((Zref+z0)/z0)
+ // (HW:Table 1):
+ // Uref = 10 m/s
+ // Zref = 6 m
+ // z0 = 0.01 m
+ // tau = rho*(u^*)^2 = 0.390796574
+ type fixedShearStress;
+ tau (0.390796574 0 0);
+ value uniform (0 0 0);
+ }
+
+ sides
+ {
+ type symmetry;
+ }
+
+ outlet
+ {
+ type inletOutlet;
+ inletValue uniform (0 0 0);
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/epsilon b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/epsilon
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e94e69bd366c3514d57e442bd39b20b2a507f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/epsilon
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object epsilon;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -3 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.01;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ #include "include/ABLConditions"
+
+ inlet
+ {
+ type atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon;
+ #include "include/ABLConditions"
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ ground
+ {
+ type epsilonWallFunction;
+ Cmu $Cmu;
+ kappa $kappa;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type zeroGradient;
+ }
+
+ sides
+ {
+ type symmetry;
+ }
+
+ outlet
+ {
+ type inletOutlet;
+ inletValue $internalField;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/include/ABLConditions b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/include/ABLConditions
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..020da41e30c023fb61cf2f3f05c7b31beb9d4b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/include/ABLConditions
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+kappa 0.40; // (HW:p. 358)
+Cmu 0.09; // (HW:p. 358)
+flowDir (1 0 0); // (HW:Fig. 1)
+zDir (0 0 1); // (HW:Fig. 1)
+Uref 10.0; // (HW:Table 1)
+Zref 6.0; // (HW:Table 1)
+z0 uniform 0.01; // (HW:Table 1)
+d uniform 0.0;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/k b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..397f0d8ee7165bae8a1948c645ea4bee4b9f8bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/k
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object k;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 1.3; // (HW:Eq. 6)
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ inlet
+ {
+ type atmBoundaryLayerInletK;
+ #include "include/ABLConditions"
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ ground
+ {
+ type kqRWallFunction;
+ value uniform 0.0;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type zeroGradient;
+ }
+
+ sides
+ {
+ type symmetry;
+ }
+
+ outlet
+ {
+ type inletOutlet;
+ inletValue $internalField;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/nut b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/nut
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36662853d88856f8d738ea543f91c4486ad59cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/nut
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object nut;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ #include "include/ABLConditions"
+
+ inlet
+ {
+ type calculated;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ ground
+ {
+ type nutkAtmRoughWallFunction;
+ kappa $kappa;
+ Cmu $Cmu;
+ z0 $z0;
+ value uniform 0.0;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type calculated;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ sides
+ {
+ type symmetry;
+ }
+
+ outlet
+ {
+ type calculated;
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/omega b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/omega
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eeddbff51492633817539367663f3df8b420d675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/omega
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object omega;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 0 -1 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0.0007;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ #include "include/ABLConditions"
+
+ inlet
+ {
+ type atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega;
+ #include "include/ABLConditions"
+ value uniform 0;
+ }
+
+ ground
+ {
+ type omegaWallFunction;
+ Cmu $Cmu;
+ kappa $kappa;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type zeroGradient;
+ }
+
+ sides
+ {
+ type symmetry;
+ }
+
+ outlet
+ {
+ type inletOutlet;
+ inletValue $internalField;
+ value $internalField;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/p b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/p
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2ee320f1673158a27023de0cb5d424eda49c166a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/p
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class volScalarField;
+ object p;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
+
+internalField uniform 0;
+
+boundaryField
+{
+ inlet
+ {
+ type zeroGradient;
+ }
+
+ ground
+ {
+ type zeroGradient;
+ }
+
+ top
+ {
+ type zeroGradient;
+ }
+
+ sides
+ {
+ type symmetry;
+ }
+
+ outlet
+ {
+ type uniformFixedValue;
+ uniformValue constant 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allclean b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allclean
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce6bcd045ea01ff12d72409fa2e67d15a4473946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allclean
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions # Tutorial clean functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+cleanCase0
+
+rm -rf plots
+rm -f constant/turbulenceProperties
+rm -rf system/atm-HargreavesWright-2007
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allrun b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allrun
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fdca8561bb31a55c3a445cda7851e9dd2eaff5d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allrun
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+restore0Dir
+
+cp -rf $FOAM_TUTORIALS/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007 system/.
+
+rasModel="kEpsilon" # Tested options="kOmegaSST","kEpsilon"
+
+sed "s|RAS_MODEL|$rasModel|g" constant/turbulenceProperties.template > \
+ constant/turbulenceProperties
+
+runApplication blockMesh
+
+runApplication renumberMesh -overwrite
+
+runApplication $(getApplication)
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allrun.par b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allrun.par
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4725835dce17412310116ffdda3ae0fe21d944c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allrun.par
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+restore0Dir
+
+rasModel="kEpsilon" # Tested options="kOmegaSST","kEpsilon"
+
+sed "s|RAS_MODEL|$rasModel|g" constant/turbulenceProperties.template > \
+ constant/turbulenceProperties
+
+runApplication blockMesh
+
+runApplication decomposePar
+
+runParallel renumberMesh -overwrite
+
+runParallel $(getApplication)
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/README b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5aa98553e95a9b5fdc4f2c6061caaa8086109c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/README
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Overview
+
+ "By setting appropriate profiles for wind velocity and the turbulence
+ quantities at the inlet, it is often assumed that the boundary layer will
+ be maintained up to the buildings or obstructions in the flow." (HW:p. 355).
+ However, it was quantified by (HW:p. 355) that "even in the absence of
+ obstructions, ..., the velocity and turbulence profiles decay along the
+ fetch" (HW:p. 355). It was shown by (HW:p. 355) that a set of modifications
+ were required to maintain a neutral atmospheric boundary layer throughout
+ an empty and long computational domain of a RANS computation.
+
+ Aim:
+
+ Verification of the following boundary conditions in terms of the
+ maintenance of inlet quantities downstream within a RANS computation:
+
+ - atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity
+ - atmBoundaryLayerInletK
+ - atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon
+ - atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega
+
+ Benchmark (Physical phenomenon):
+
+ The benchmark is an empty fetch computational domain, steady-state
+ RANS simulation involving the following traits:
+
+ - External flow
+ - The surface layer portion of the neutral-stratified equilibrium
+ atmospheric boundary layer (no Ekman layer)
+ - Dry air
+ - Homogeneous, smooth terrain
+ - Spatiotemporal-invariant aerodynamic roughness length
+ - No displacement height
+ - Newtonian, single-phase, incompressible, non-reacting
+
+ Benchmark scenario:
+
+ - Computational domain: (HW:Fig. 1)
+ - Benchmark dataset: (HW:Fig. 6) (Obtained by the WebPlotDigitizer-4.2
+ (Rohatgi, 2019))
+
+ Resources:
+
+ Computational study (tag:HW):
+ Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+ On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+ to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+ Journal of wind engineering and
+ industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+ DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+
+ Wind profile (tag:RQP):
+ Richards, P. J., Quinn, A. D., & Parker, S. (2002).
+ A 6 m cube in an atmospheric boundary layer flow-Part 2.
+ Computational solutions. Wind and structures, 5(2_3_4), 177-192.
+ DOI:10.12989/was.2002.5.2_3_4.177
+
+ Physical modelling:
+
+ - The governing equations for:
+ - Steady-state, Newtonian, single-phase, incompressible fluid flows,
+ excluding any thermal chemical, electromagnetic and scalar
+ interactions
+ - Mathematical approach for the turbulence modelling:
+ - Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation (RANS)
+ - Turbulence closure model:
+ - kEpsilon and kOmegaSST linear eddy viscosity closure models
+ - The sets of input (HW:Table 1):
+ - Reference height, Zref = 6 [m]
+ - Aerodynamic roughness height, z0 = 0.01 [m]
+ - Displacement height, d = 0 [m]
+ - Reference mean wind speed, Uref = 10 [m/s]
+
+ Computational domain modelling:
+
+ - Rectangular prism
+ - (x1, x2, x3)
+ = (5000, 100, 500) [m]
+ = (streamwise, spanwise, ground-normal) directions
+
+ Computational domain discretisation:
+
+ - Spatial resolution:
+ - (x1, x2, x3) = (500, 5, 50) [cells]
+ - Refer to the `system/blockMeshDict` for the grading details
+ - Temporal resolution: Steady state
+
+ Equation discretisation:
+
+ - Spatial derivatives and variables:
+ - Convection: Second order
+ - Others: Second order with various limiters
+
+ - Temporal derivatives and variables: First order
+
+ Numerical boundary/initial conditions:
+
+ - Refer to `0.orig`
+
+ Pressure-velocity coupling algorithm:
+
+ - SIMPLEC
+
+ Linear solvers:
+
+ - Refer to `system/fvSolution`
+
+ Initialisation and sampling:
+
+ - No initialisation/averaging
+ - Sampling at the end of the simulation via `system/sampleDict`
+ - Refer to `system/controlDict` for further details
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/constant/transportProperties b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/constant/transportProperties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da462617e0f4626d6d5a9631a12e3b72a073e3aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/constant/transportProperties
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object transportProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+transportModel Newtonian;
+
+nu 1.5e-05;
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/constant/turbulenceProperties.template b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/constant/turbulenceProperties.template
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14fb1087fa60023658279424aa4c731ef2e996d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/constant/turbulenceProperties.template
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object turbulenceProperties;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+simulationType RAS;
+
+RAS
+{
+ RASModel RAS_MODEL;
+ turbulence on;
+ printCoeffs on;
+
+ RAS_MODELCoeffs // Valid only for epsilon-based models
+ {
+ Cmu 0.09;
+ C1 1.44;
+ C2 1.92;
+ sigmaEps 1.11; //Original value:1.44
+ // See p. 358:
+ // Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+ // On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+ // to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+ // Journal of wind engineering and
+ // industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+ // DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/plot b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/plot
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcf70141f94cf7c42568777ba7be82353ef4c504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/plot
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Postprocess according to the existence of "epsilon" or "omega"
+baseEpsilonOrOmega="epsilon" # options: "epsilon", "omega".
+
+# Note: Benchmark data is available for the standard k-epsilon model from:
+# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
+# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
+# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
+# Journal of wind engineering and
+# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
+# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+# Figure 6.
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+plotUxUpstream() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ zMin=$2
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal flow speed profile (upstream)."
+
+ outName="plots/Ux_upstream.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_UX_UPSTREAM
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [4:18]
+ set yrange [0:50]
+ set grid
+ set key top left
+ set xlabel "Ux [m s^{-1}]"
+ set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ zRef = 6
+ inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_U.xy"
+ inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_U.xy"
+
+ plot \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
+ u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
+ inp0 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
+ inp1 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440"
+PLT_UX_UPSTREAM
+}
+
+
+plotUxMid() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ zMin=$2
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal flow speed profile (mid-range)."
+
+ outName="plots/Ux_mid.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_UX_MID
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [4:18]
+ set yrange [0:50]
+ set grid
+ set key top left
+ set xlabel "Ux [m s^{-1}]"
+ set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ zRef = 6
+ inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_U.xy"
+ inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_U.xy"
+
+ plot \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
+ u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
+ inp2 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
+ inp3 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00"
+PLT_UX_MID
+}
+
+
+plotUxDownstream() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ zMin=$2
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal flow speed profile (downstream)."
+
+ outName="plots/Ux_downstream.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_UX_DOWNSTREAM
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [4:18]
+ set yrange [0:50]
+ set grid
+ set key top left
+ set xlabel "Ux [m s^{-1}]"
+ set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ zRef = 6
+ inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_U.xy"
+ inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_U.xy"
+
+ plot \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
+ u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
+ inp4 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
+ inp5 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
+PLT_UX_DOWNSTREAM
+}
+
+
+plotK() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ items=$2
+ seq=$3
+ zMin=$4
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal turbulent kinetic energy profile."
+
+ outName="plots/k.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_K
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [1:2]
+ set yrange [0:50]
+ set grid
+ set key top right
+ set xlabel "k [m^2 s^{-2}]"
+ set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ zRef = 6
+ inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_$items.xy"
+ inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_$items.xy"
+ inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_$items.xy"
+ inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_$items.xy"
+ inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_$items.xy"
+ inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_$items.xy"
+
+ plot \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/k-RH-Fig6b" \
+ u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/k-HW-Fig6b-2500" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/k-HW-Fig6b-4000" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
+ inp0 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
+ inp1 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
+ inp2 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
+ inp3 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
+ inp4 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
+ inp5 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
+PLT_K
+}
+
+
+plotEpsilon() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ items=$2
+ zMin=$3
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal turbulent kinetic"\
+ "energy dissipation rate profile."
+
+ outName="plots/epsilon.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_EPSILON
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [0.001:10]
+ set yrange [0:50]
+ set grid
+ set key top right
+ set xlabel "epsilon [m^2 s^{-3}]"
+ set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set logscale x
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ zRef = 6
+ inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_$items.xy"
+ inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_$items.xy"
+ inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_$items.xy"
+ inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_$items.xy"
+ inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_$items.xy"
+ inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_$items.xy"
+
+ plot \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c" \
+ u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
+ inp0 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
+ inp1 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
+ inp2 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
+ inp3 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
+ inp4 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
+ inp5 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
+PLT_EPSILON
+}
+
+
+plotOmega() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ items=$2
+ zMin=$3
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal specific dissipation rate profile."
+
+ outName="plots/omega.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_OMEGA
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [0.001:10]
+ set yrange [0:50]
+ set grid
+ set key top right
+ set xlabel "omega [s^{-1}]"
+ set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set logscale x
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ zRef = 6
+ inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_$items.xy"
+ inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_$items.xy"
+ inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_$items.xy"
+ inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_$items.xy"
+ inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_$items.xy"
+ inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_$items.xy"
+
+ plot \
+ inp0 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
+ inp1 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
+ inp2 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
+ inp3 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
+ inp4 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
+ inp5 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
+PLT_OMEGA
+}
+
+
+plotMut() {
+ timeDir=$1
+ items=$2
+ seq=$3
+ zMin=$4
+ echo " Plotting the ground-normal turbulent viscosity profile."
+
+ outName="plots/mut.png"
+ gnuplot<<PLT_MUT
+ set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
+ set xrange [0:120]
+ set yrange [0:50]
+ set grid
+ set key bottom right
+ set xlabel "mu_t [Pa.s]"
+ set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
+ set offset .05, .05
+ set output "$outName"
+
+ zRef = 6
+ inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_$items.xy"
+ inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_$items.xy"
+ inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_$items.xy"
+ inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_$items.xy"
+ inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_$items.xy"
+ inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_$items.xy"
+
+ plot \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/mut-RH-Fig6d" \
+ u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-2500" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
+ "system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-4000" \
+ u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
+ inp0 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
+ inp1 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
+ inp2 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
+ inp3 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
+ inp4 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
+ inp5 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
+PLT_MUT
+}
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Require gnuplot
+command -v gnuplot >/dev/null || {
+ echo "gnuplot not found - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+# The latestTime in postProcessing/samples
+timeDir=$(foamListTimes -case postProcessing/samples -latestTime 2>/dev/null)
+[ -n "$timeDir" ] || {
+ echo "No postProcessing/samples found - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
+ exit 2
+}
+timeDir="postProcessing/samples/$timeDir"
+zMin=0
+mkdir -p plots
+
+
+# Postprocess flow speed
+plotUxUpstream $timeDir $zMin
+plotUxMid $timeDir $zMin
+plotUxDownstream $timeDir $zMin
+
+# Postprocess turbulence quantities
+if [ $baseEpsilonOrOmega == "epsilon" ]
+then
+ items="epsilon_k_nut"
+
+ plotEpsilon $timeDir $items $zMin
+ plotK $timeDir $items 3 $zMin
+ plotMut $timeDir $items 4 $zMin
+
+elif [ $baseEpsilonOrOmega == "omega" ]
+then
+ items="k_nut_omega"
+
+ plotK $timeDir $items 2 $zMin
+ plotMut $timeDir $items 3 $zMin
+ plotOmega $timeDir $items $zMin
+
+else
+ echo "Chosen turbulence model is neither epsilon nor omega based." 1>&2
+ exit 2
+fi
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/blockMeshDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/blockMeshDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d9e682019cfa507153f28442bf10a07f5243631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/blockMeshDict
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object blockMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+scale 1;
+
+// x = streamwise
+// y = spanwise
+// z = wall-normal
+
+nx 500;
+ny 5;
+nz 50;
+xMin 0;
+xMax 5000.0;
+yMin 0;
+yMax 100.0;
+zMin 0.0;
+zMax 500.0;
+// blockMesh calculator input:
+// width of start cell = 1.0 (HW:p. 359)
+// number of cells = 50
+// total length = 500
+// blockMesh calculator output:
+// cell-to-cell expansion ratio = 1.076030437 (consistent with 1.076 (HW:Fig.1))
+zTotalExpansion 36.25795062;
+
+vertices
+(
+ ($xMin $yMin $zMin)
+ ($xMax $yMin $zMin)
+ ($xMax $yMax $zMin)
+ ($xMin $yMax $zMin)
+ ($xMin $yMin $zMax)
+ ($xMax $yMin $zMax)
+ ($xMax $yMax $zMax)
+ ($xMin $yMax $zMax)
+);
+
+blocks
+(
+ hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) ($nx $ny $nz) simpleGrading (1 1 $zTotalExpansion)
+);
+
+edges
+(
+);
+
+boundary
+(
+ inlet
+ {
+ type patch;
+ faces
+ (
+ (0 4 7 3)
+ );
+ }
+ ground
+ {
+ type wall;
+ faces
+ (
+ (0 3 2 1)
+ );
+ }
+ top
+ {
+ type patch;
+ faces
+ (
+ (4 5 6 7)
+ );
+ }
+ sides
+ {
+ type symmetry;
+ faces
+ (
+ (1 5 4 0)
+ (3 7 6 2)
+ );
+ }
+ outlet
+ {
+ type patch;
+ faces
+ (
+ (2 6 5 1)
+ );
+ }
+);
+
+mergePatchPairs
+(
+);
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/controlDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/controlDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6b7e96e99fe14ecd44c43758543601113c7e473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/controlDict
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+application simpleFoam;
+
+startFrom latestTime;
+
+startTime 0;
+
+stopAt endTime;
+
+endTime 5000;
+
+deltaT 1;
+
+writeControl timeStep;
+
+writeInterval 500;
+
+purgeWrite 0;
+
+writeFormat ascii;
+
+writePrecision 12;
+
+writeCompression off;
+
+timeFormat general;
+
+timePrecision 6;
+
+runTimeModifiable yes;
+
+
+functions
+{
+ #include "sampleDict"
+
+ minMax
+ {
+ type fieldMinMax;
+ libs (fieldFunctionObjects);
+ writeControl writeTime;
+ fields (U);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/decomposeParDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/decomposeParDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9928e41702395fa91ee9855c780dbfe535420b16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/decomposeParDict
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object decomposeParDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+numberOfSubdomains 8;
+
+method hierarchical;
+
+coeffs
+{
+ n (8 1 1);
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/fvSchemes b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/fvSchemes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e4c45d4b975af167f02015d664be35cd518f3c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/fvSchemes
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+ default steadyState;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+ default Gauss linear;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+ default none;
+ div(phi,U) bounded Gauss linear;
+ div(phi,epsilon) bounded Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+ div(phi,omega) bounded Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+ div(phi,k) bounded Gauss limitedLinear 1;
+ div((nuEff*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+ default Gauss linear uncorrected;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+ default linear;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+ default uncorrected;
+}
+
+wallDist
+{
+ method meshWave;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/fvSolution b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/fvSolution
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c87392bce6cb087a93160f88e32899deac0ac0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/fvSolution
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ object fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+ p
+ {
+ solver GAMG;
+ smoother GaussSeidel;
+ tolerance 1e-8;
+ relTol 0.01;
+ }
+
+ "(U|k|epsilon|omega)"
+ {
+ solver smoothSolver;
+ smoother GaussSeidel;
+ tolerance 1e-8;
+ relTol 0.01;
+ }
+}
+
+SIMPLE
+{
+ nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+ consistent true;
+ pRefCell 0;
+ pRefValue 0;
+}
+
+relaxationFactors
+{
+ equations
+ {
+ U 0.9;
+ "(k|epsilon|omega)" 0.7;
+ }
+}
+
+cache
+{
+ grad(U);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/sampleDict b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/sampleDict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd8ff84622a8de41344f0d1e5fc5498e51976d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/sampleDict
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| ========= | |
+| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
+| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
+| \\ / A nd | Web: www.OpenFOAM.com |
+| \\/ M anipulation | |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+ version 2.0;
+ format ascii;
+ class dictionary;
+ location system;
+ object sampleDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+// The locations of the sample profiles correspond to:
+// Hargreaves-Wright (2007), Fig.6
+// DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
+
+samples
+{
+ type sets;
+ libs (sampling);
+ setFormat raw;
+ interpolationScheme cell;
+ fields (U k epsilon nut omega);
+ writeControl writeTime;
+
+ sets
+ (
+ x_0mPatch // inlet patch face centres
+ {
+ type face;
+ axis z;
+ start (0 50 0);
+ end (0 50 500);
+ }
+ x_0mCell // inlet-first cell centres
+ {
+ type midPoint;
+ axis z;
+ start (5.0 50 0);
+ end (5.0 50 500);
+ }
+ x_2500m
+ {
+ type face;
+ axis z;
+ start (2500 50 0);
+ end (2500 50 500);
+ }
+ x_4000m
+ {
+ type face;
+ axis z;
+ start (4000 50 0);
+ end (4000 50 500);
+ }
+ x_5000mCell // outlet patch face centres
+ {
+ type face;
+ axis z;
+ start (4995 50 0);
+ end (4995 50 500);
+ }
+ x_5000mPatch // outlet-first cell centres
+ {
+ type face;
+ axis z;
+ start (5000 50 0);
+ end (5000 50 500);
+ }
+ );
+}
+
+
+// *********************************************************************** //