From 3baebcb1011b42b5f08a6ad2912a77512084c5be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Olesen <Mark.Olesen@esi-group.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2020 10:47:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] STYLE: replace uses of autoPtr::empty() with bool check
 (#1775)

- less clutter using plain tests with the bool operator:

      (!ptr)  vs  (ptr.empty())
      (ptr)   vs  (!ptr.empty())
---
 .../DelaunayMesh/DistributedDelaunayMesh.C    |  5 +-
 .../mapDistribute/mapDistributeBase.C         |  2 +-
 src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/polyMesh.C       |  8 +--
 .../thermalBaffle1DFvPatchScalarField.C       |  2 +-
 .../pointHistory/pointHistory.C               | 12 ++---
 .../turbulentDFSEMInletFvPatchVectorField.C   |  2 +-
 ...lentDigitalFilterInletFvPatchVectorField.C |  2 +-
 .../field/streamLine/streamLineBase.C         |  4 +-
 ...surfaceDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C |  2 +-
 ...aceSlipDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C |  2 +-
 ...irectionalPressureGradientExplicitSource.C |  2 +-
 .../meanVelocityForce/meanVelocityForce.C     |  2 +-
 .../Templates/KinematicCloud/KinematicCloud.C |  4 +-
 .../KinematicCloud/KinematicCloudI.H          |  4 +-
 .../mappedPolyPatch/mappedPatchBaseI.H        |  5 +-
 .../triSurfaceMesh/triSurfaceMesh.C           |  2 +-
 .../triSurfaceSearch/triSurfaceSearch.C       |  2 +-
 .../adjointBoundaryCondition.C                |  4 +-
 .../objectiveForceTarget.C                    |  2 +-
 .../objectiveIncompressible.C                 | 40 +++++++--------
 .../objectivePartialVolume.C                  |  2 +-
 .../objectivePtLosses/objectivePtLosses.C     |  2 +-
 .../adjoint/objectives/objective/objective.C  | 50 +++++++++----------
 .../FIBase/FIBaseIncompressible.C             |  2 +-
 .../sensitivitySurfaceIncompressible.C        |  4 +-
 .../sensitivitySurfacePointsIncompressible.C  |  4 +-
 .../optMeshMovement/optMeshMovement.C         |  2 +-
 .../optimisation/updateMethod/SQP/SQP.C       |  2 +-
 .../NURBS/NURBS3DSurface/NURBS3DSurface.C     |  6 +--
 .../NURBS3DVolume/NURBS3DVolume.C             | 10 ++--
 .../optimisation/SIMPLEControlOpt.C           |  2 +-
 .../adjointRASModel/adjointRASModel.C         |  4 +-
 .../dynamicOversetFvMesh.C                    |  6 +--
 .../thermalBaffleFvPatchScalarField.C         | 10 +---
 .../sampledSets/sampledSetsTemplates.C        |  4 +-
 .../isoSurface/sampledIsoSurface.C            |  8 +--
 .../sampledCuttingPlane/sampledCuttingPlane.C |  6 +--
 .../sampledSurfacesTemplates.C                |  4 +-
 .../linearSpringDamper/linearSpringDamper.C   |  2 +-
 .../sixDoFRigidBodyMotionIO.C                 |  2 +-
 .../radiationModel/radiationModel.C           |  2 +-
 .../radiationModels/solarLoad/solarLoad.C     |  6 +--
 .../greyMeanAbsorptionEmission.C              |  3 +-
 .../wideBandAbsorptionEmission.C              |  3 +-
 .../boundaryRadiationProperties.C             | 22 ++++----
 45 files changed, 135 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-)

diff --git a/applications/utilities/mesh/generation/foamyMesh/conformalVoronoiMesh/DelaunayMesh/DistributedDelaunayMesh.C b/applications/utilities/mesh/generation/foamyMesh/conformalVoronoiMesh/DelaunayMesh/DistributedDelaunayMesh.C
index bbd54cf4754..e02810916d1 100644
--- a/applications/utilities/mesh/generation/foamyMesh/conformalVoronoiMesh/DelaunayMesh/DistributedDelaunayMesh.C
+++ b/applications/utilities/mesh/generation/foamyMesh/conformalVoronoiMesh/DelaunayMesh/DistributedDelaunayMesh.C
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2012-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -625,7 +626,7 @@ void Foam::DistributedDelaunayMesh<Triangulation>::sync
         return;
     }
 
-    if (allBackgroundMeshBounds_.empty())
+    if (!allBackgroundMeshBounds_)
     {
         distributeBoundBoxes(bb);
     }
@@ -810,7 +811,7 @@ void Foam::DistributedDelaunayMesh<Triangulation>::sync(const boundBox& bb)
         return;
     }
 
-    if (allBackgroundMeshBounds_.empty())
+    if (!allBackgroundMeshBounds_)
     {
         distributeBoundBoxes(bb);
     }
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/mapPolyMesh/mapDistribute/mapDistributeBase.C b/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/mapPolyMesh/mapDistribute/mapDistributeBase.C
index 5eb53d4214d..1f9cb435857 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/mapPolyMesh/mapDistribute/mapDistributeBase.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/mapPolyMesh/mapDistribute/mapDistributeBase.C
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Foam::List<Foam::labelPair> Foam::mapDistributeBase::schedule
 
 const Foam::List<Foam::labelPair>& Foam::mapDistributeBase::schedule() const
 {
-    if (schedulePtr_.empty())
+    if (!schedulePtr_)
     {
         schedulePtr_.reset
         (
diff --git a/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/polyMesh.C b/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/polyMesh.C
index 4e1d725c897..b81813c2936 100644
--- a/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/polyMesh.C
+++ b/src/OpenFOAM/meshes/polyMesh/polyMesh.C
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ Foam::label Foam::polyMesh::nSolutionD() const
 
 const Foam::labelIOList& Foam::polyMesh::tetBasePtIs() const
 {
-    if (tetBasePtIsPtr_.empty())
+    if (!tetBasePtIsPtr_)
     {
         if (debug)
         {
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ const Foam::labelIOList& Foam::polyMesh::tetBasePtIs() const
 const Foam::indexedOctree<Foam::treeDataCell>&
 Foam::polyMesh::cellTree() const
 {
-    if (cellTreePtr_.empty())
+    if (!cellTreePtr_)
     {
         treeBoundBox overallBb(points());
 
@@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ const Foam::labelList& Foam::polyMesh::faceNeighbour() const
 
 const Foam::pointField& Foam::polyMesh::oldPoints() const
 {
-    if (oldPointsPtr_.empty())
+    if (!oldPointsPtr_)
     {
         if (debug)
         {
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ void Foam::polyMesh::resetMotion() const
 
 const Foam::globalMeshData& Foam::polyMesh::globalData() const
 {
-    if (globalMeshDataPtr_.empty())
+    if (!globalMeshDataPtr_)
     {
         if (debug)
         {
diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/compressible/turbulentFluidThermoModels/derivedFvPatchFields/thermalBaffle1D/thermalBaffle1DFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/TurbulenceModels/compressible/turbulentFluidThermoModels/derivedFvPatchFields/thermalBaffle1D/thermalBaffle1DFvPatchScalarField.C
index f982ed44edd..aea435936ea 100644
--- a/src/TurbulenceModels/compressible/turbulentFluidThermoModels/derivedFvPatchFields/thermalBaffle1D/thermalBaffle1DFvPatchScalarField.C
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/compressible/turbulentFluidThermoModels/derivedFvPatchFields/thermalBaffle1D/thermalBaffle1DFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ const solidType& thermalBaffle1DFvPatchScalarField<solidType>::solid() const
 {
     if (this->owner())
     {
-        if (solidPtr_.empty())
+        if (!solidPtr_)
         {
             solidPtr_.reset(new solidType(solidDict_));
         }
diff --git a/src/dynamicFaMesh/interfaceTrackingFvMesh/functionObjects/pointHistory/pointHistory.C b/src/dynamicFaMesh/interfaceTrackingFvMesh/functionObjects/pointHistory/pointHistory.C
index 96470ec5fe6..fe616252418 100644
--- a/src/dynamicFaMesh/interfaceTrackingFvMesh/functionObjects/pointHistory/pointHistory.C
+++ b/src/dynamicFaMesh/interfaceTrackingFvMesh/functionObjects/pointHistory/pointHistory.C
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Foam::pointHistory::pointHistory
     refHistoryPoint_(dict.lookup("refHistoryPoint")),
     processor_(-1),
     fileName_(dict.get<word>("fileName")),
-    historyFilePtr_()
+    historyFilePtr_(nullptr)
 {
     Info<< "Creating " << this->name() << " function object." << endl;
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ Foam::pointHistory::pointHistory
     }
 
     // Create history file if not already created
-    if (historyFilePtr_.empty())
+    if (!historyFilePtr_)
     {
         // File update
         if (Pstream::master())
@@ -180,13 +180,11 @@ Foam::pointHistory::pointHistory
             );
 
             // Add headers to output data
-            if (historyFilePtr_.valid())
+            if (historyFilePtr_)
             {
                 historyFilePtr_()
-                    << "# Time" << tab << "X" << tab
-                        << "Y" << tab << "Z";
-
-                historyFilePtr_() << endl;
+                    << "# Time" << tab << "X" << tab << "Y" << tab << "Z"
+                    << endl;
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/finiteVolume/fields/fvPatchFields/derived/turbulentDFSEMInlet/turbulentDFSEMInletFvPatchVectorField.C b/src/finiteVolume/fields/fvPatchFields/derived/turbulentDFSEMInlet/turbulentDFSEMInletFvPatchVectorField.C
index b5f75212eb0..238b84c5029 100644
--- a/src/finiteVolume/fields/fvPatchFields/derived/turbulentDFSEMInlet/turbulentDFSEMInletFvPatchVectorField.C
+++ b/src/finiteVolume/fields/fvPatchFields/derived/turbulentDFSEMInlet/turbulentDFSEMInletFvPatchVectorField.C
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ const Foam::pointToPointPlanarInterpolation&
 Foam::turbulentDFSEMInletFvPatchVectorField::patchMapper() const
 {
     // Initialise interpolation (2D planar interpolation by triangulation)
-    if (mapperPtr_.empty())
+    if (!mapperPtr_)
     {
         const fileName samplePointsFile
         (
diff --git a/src/finiteVolume/fields/fvPatchFields/derived/turbulentDigitalFilterInlet/turbulentDigitalFilterInletFvPatchVectorField.C b/src/finiteVolume/fields/fvPatchFields/derived/turbulentDigitalFilterInlet/turbulentDigitalFilterInletFvPatchVectorField.C
index ac8709c6dd3..6ad03839f7a 100644
--- a/src/finiteVolume/fields/fvPatchFields/derived/turbulentDigitalFilterInlet/turbulentDigitalFilterInletFvPatchVectorField.C
+++ b/src/finiteVolume/fields/fvPatchFields/derived/turbulentDigitalFilterInlet/turbulentDigitalFilterInletFvPatchVectorField.C
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ const Foam::pointToPointPlanarInterpolation&
 Foam::turbulentDigitalFilterInletFvPatchVectorField::patchMapper() const
 {
     // Initialise interpolation (2D planar interpolation by triangulation)
-    if (mapperPtr_.empty())
+    if (!mapperPtr_)
     {
         // Reread values and interpolate
         const fileName samplePointsFile
diff --git a/src/functionObjects/field/streamLine/streamLineBase.C b/src/functionObjects/field/streamLine/streamLineBase.C
index 4fb9e9e3c76..93b9ff90acf 100644
--- a/src/functionObjects/field/streamLine/streamLineBase.C
+++ b/src/functionObjects/field/streamLine/streamLineBase.C
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Foam::functionObjects::streamLineBase::trackDirTypeNames
 const Foam::word&
 Foam::functionObjects::streamLineBase::sampledSetAxis() const
 {
-    if (sampledSetPtr_.empty())
+    if (!sampledSetPtr_)
     {
         sampledSetPoints();
     }
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Foam::functionObjects::streamLineBase::sampledSetAxis() const
 const Foam::sampledSet&
 Foam::functionObjects::streamLineBase::sampledSetPoints() const
 {
-    if (sampledSetPtr_.empty())
+    if (!sampledSetPtr_)
     {
         sampledSetPtr_ = sampledSet::New
         (
diff --git a/src/fvMotionSolver/pointPatchFields/derived/surfaceDisplacement/surfaceDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C b/src/fvMotionSolver/pointPatchFields/derived/surfaceDisplacement/surfaceDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C
index 549499a1621..236616cceec 100644
--- a/src/fvMotionSolver/pointPatchFields/derived/surfaceDisplacement/surfaceDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C
+++ b/src/fvMotionSolver/pointPatchFields/derived/surfaceDisplacement/surfaceDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ surfaceDisplacementPointPatchVectorField
 const Foam::searchableSurfaces&
 Foam::surfaceDisplacementPointPatchVectorField::surfaces() const
 {
-    if (surfacesPtr_.empty())
+    if (!surfacesPtr_)
     {
         surfacesPtr_.reset
         (
diff --git a/src/fvMotionSolver/pointPatchFields/derived/surfaceSlipDisplacement/surfaceSlipDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C b/src/fvMotionSolver/pointPatchFields/derived/surfaceSlipDisplacement/surfaceSlipDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C
index 06ae45244a3..b64a78cca45 100644
--- a/src/fvMotionSolver/pointPatchFields/derived/surfaceSlipDisplacement/surfaceSlipDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C
+++ b/src/fvMotionSolver/pointPatchFields/derived/surfaceSlipDisplacement/surfaceSlipDisplacementPointPatchVectorField.C
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ surfaceSlipDisplacementPointPatchVectorField
 const Foam::searchableSurfaces&
 Foam::surfaceSlipDisplacementPointPatchVectorField::surfaces() const
 {
-    if (surfacesPtr_.empty())
+    if (!surfacesPtr_)
     {
         surfacesPtr_.reset
         (
diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/directionalPressureGradientExplicitSource/directionalPressureGradientExplicitSource.C b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/directionalPressureGradientExplicitSource/directionalPressureGradientExplicitSource.C
index 1b01f2f9951..322a6c06360 100644
--- a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/directionalPressureGradientExplicitSource/directionalPressureGradientExplicitSource.C
+++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/directionalPressureGradientExplicitSource/directionalPressureGradientExplicitSource.C
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ void Foam::fv::directionalPressureGradientExplicitSource::constrain
     const label
 )
 {
-    if (invAPtr_.empty())
+    if (!invAPtr_)
     {
         invAPtr_.reset
         (
diff --git a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/meanVelocityForce/meanVelocityForce.C b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/meanVelocityForce/meanVelocityForce.C
index 41ad35a514a..63d0af689ef 100644
--- a/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/meanVelocityForce/meanVelocityForce.C
+++ b/src/fvOptions/sources/derived/meanVelocityForce/meanVelocityForce.C
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ void Foam::fv::meanVelocityForce::constrain
     const label
 )
 {
-    if (rAPtr_.empty())
+    if (!rAPtr_)
     {
         rAPtr_.reset
         (
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/clouds/Templates/KinematicCloud/KinematicCloud.C b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/clouds/Templates/KinematicCloud/KinematicCloud.C
index b7d6d49e4a9..f35a0cd11fc 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/clouds/Templates/KinematicCloud/KinematicCloud.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/clouds/Templates/KinematicCloud/KinematicCloud.C
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ void Foam::KinematicCloud<CloudType>::solve
 template<class CloudType>
 void Foam::KinematicCloud<CloudType>::buildCellOccupancy()
 {
-    if (cellOccupancyPtr_.empty())
+    if (!cellOccupancyPtr_)
     {
         cellOccupancyPtr_.reset
         (
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ void Foam::KinematicCloud<CloudType>::updateCellOccupancy()
     // Only build the cellOccupancy if the pointer is set, i.e. it has
     // been requested before.
 
-    if (cellOccupancyPtr_.valid())
+    if (cellOccupancyPtr_)
     {
         buildCellOccupancy();
     }
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/clouds/Templates/KinematicCloud/KinematicCloudI.H b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/clouds/Templates/KinematicCloud/KinematicCloudI.H
index 9b2ec4d6697..65b35bde966 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/clouds/Templates/KinematicCloud/KinematicCloudI.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/clouds/Templates/KinematicCloud/KinematicCloudI.H
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2019-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ template<class CloudType>
 inline Foam::List<Foam::DynamicList<typename CloudType::particleType*>>&
 Foam::KinematicCloud<CloudType>::cellOccupancy()
 {
-    if (cellOccupancyPtr_.empty())
+    if (!cellOccupancyPtr_)
     {
         buildCellOccupancy();
     }
diff --git a/src/meshTools/mappedPatches/mappedPolyPatch/mappedPatchBaseI.H b/src/meshTools/mappedPatches/mappedPolyPatch/mappedPatchBaseI.H
index dc507b64e6c..f8bc08307c7 100644
--- a/src/meshTools/mappedPatches/mappedPolyPatch/mappedPatchBaseI.H
+++ b/src/meshTools/mappedPatches/mappedPolyPatch/mappedPatchBaseI.H
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -150,10 +151,10 @@ inline const Foam::mapDistribute& Foam::mappedPatchBase::map() const
 
     if (topoChange)
     {
-        mapPtr_.clear();
+        mapPtr_.reset(nullptr);
     }
 
-    if (mapPtr_.empty())
+    if (!mapPtr_)
     {
         calcMapping();
     }
diff --git a/src/meshTools/searchableSurfaces/triSurfaceMesh/triSurfaceMesh.C b/src/meshTools/searchableSurfaces/triSurfaceMesh/triSurfaceMesh.C
index f80643164b9..8173fec3bbd 100644
--- a/src/meshTools/searchableSurfaces/triSurfaceMesh/triSurfaceMesh.C
+++ b/src/meshTools/searchableSurfaces/triSurfaceMesh/triSurfaceMesh.C
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ void Foam::triSurfaceMesh::movePoints(const pointField& newPoints)
 const Foam::indexedOctree<Foam::treeDataEdge>&
 Foam::triSurfaceMesh::edgeTree() const
 {
-    if (edgeTree_.empty())
+    if (!edgeTree_)
     {
         if (debug)
         {
diff --git a/src/meshTools/triSurface/triSurfaceSearch/triSurfaceSearch.C b/src/meshTools/triSurface/triSurfaceSearch/triSurfaceSearch.C
index f58dc0691f2..c281014c8b1 100644
--- a/src/meshTools/triSurface/triSurfaceSearch/triSurfaceSearch.C
+++ b/src/meshTools/triSurface/triSurfaceSearch/triSurfaceSearch.C
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ void Foam::triSurfaceSearch::clearOut()
 const Foam::indexedOctree<Foam::treeDataTriSurface>&
 Foam::triSurfaceSearch::tree() const
 {
-    if (treePtr_.empty())
+    if (!treePtr_)
     {
         // Calculate bb without constructing local point numbering.
         treeBoundBox bb(Zero, Zero);
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/adjointBoundaryConditions/adjointBoundaryCondition/adjointBoundaryCondition.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/adjointBoundaryConditions/adjointBoundaryCondition/adjointBoundaryCondition.C
index 2febf7f9125..cfcbdb63f29 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/adjointBoundaryConditions/adjointBoundaryCondition/adjointBoundaryCondition.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/adjointBoundaryConditions/adjointBoundaryCondition/adjointBoundaryCondition.C
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2007-2020 PCOpt/NTUA
     Copyright (C) 2013-2020 FOSS GP
-    Copyright (C) 2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2019-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ adjointBoundaryCondition<Type>::computePatchGrad(word name)
 template<class Type>
 bool adjointBoundaryCondition<Type>::addATCUaGradUTerm()
 {
-    if (addATCUaGradUTerm_.empty())
+    if (!addATCUaGradUTerm_)
     {
         addATCUaGradUTerm_.reset(new bool(isA<ATCUaGradU>(getATC())));
     }
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectiveForceTarget/objectiveForceTarget.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectiveForceTarget/objectiveForceTarget.C
index b6895320e3e..6f8ccd0b2d9 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectiveForceTarget/objectiveForceTarget.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectiveForceTarget/objectiveForceTarget.C
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ bool objectiveForceTarget::write(const bool valid) const
         // in order to avoid various instantiations of the same objective
         // opening the same file
         unsigned int width = IOstream::defaultPrecision() + 5;
-        if (objFunctionFilePtr_.empty())
+        if (!objFunctionFilePtr_)
         {
             setObjectiveFilePtr();
             objFunctionFilePtr_()
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectiveIncompressible/objectiveIncompressible.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectiveIncompressible/objectiveIncompressible.C
index dbc0789d24b..5564671e542 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectiveIncompressible/objectiveIncompressible.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectiveIncompressible/objectiveIncompressible.C
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ autoPtr<objectiveIncompressible> objectiveIncompressible::New
 
 void objectiveIncompressible::doNormalization()
 {
-    if (normalize_ && normFactor_.valid())
+    if (normalize_ && normFactor_)
     {
         const scalar oneOverNorm(1./normFactor_());
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ void objectiveIncompressible::doNormalization()
 
 const volVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::dJdv()
 {
-    if (dJdvPtr_.empty())
+    if (!dJdvPtr_)
     {
         // If pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         dJdvPtr_.reset
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ const volVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::dJdv()
 
 const volScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::dJdp()
 {
-    if (dJdpPtr_.empty())
+    if (!dJdpPtr_)
     {
         // If pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         dJdpPtr_.reset
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ const volScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::dJdp()
 
 const volScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::dJdT()
 {
-    if (dJdTPtr_.empty())
+    if (!dJdTPtr_)
     {
         // If pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         dJdTPtr_.reset
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ const volScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::dJdT()
 
 const volScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::dJdTMvar1()
 {
-    if (dJdTMvar1Ptr_.empty())
+    if (!dJdTMvar1Ptr_)
     {
         // If pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         dJdTMvar1Ptr_.reset
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ const volScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::dJdTMvar1()
 
 const volScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::dJdTMvar2()
 {
-    if (dJdTMvar2Ptr_.empty())
+    if (!dJdTMvar2Ptr_)
     {
         // If pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         dJdTMvar2Ptr_.reset
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ const fvPatchVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdv
     const label patchI
 )
 {
-    if (bdJdvPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdvPtr_)
     {
         bdJdvPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ const fvPatchScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdvn
     const label patchI
 )
 {
-    if (bdJdvnPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdvnPtr_)
     {
         bdJdvnPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<scalar>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ const fvPatchVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdvt
     const label patchI
 )
 {
-    if (bdJdvtPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdvtPtr_)
     {
         bdJdvtPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ const fvPatchVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdp
     const label patchI
 )
 {
-    if (bdJdpPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdpPtr_)
     {
         bdJdpPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ const fvPatchScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdT
     const label patchI
 )
 {
-    if (bdJdTPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdTPtr_)
     {
         bdJdTPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<scalar>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ const fvPatchScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdTMvar1
     const label patchI
 )
 {
-    if (bdJdTMvar1Ptr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdTMvar1Ptr_)
     {
         bdJdTMvar1Ptr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<scalar>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ const fvPatchScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdTMvar2
     const label patchI
 )
 {
-    if (bdJdTMvar2Ptr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdTMvar2Ptr_)
     {
         bdJdTMvar2Ptr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<scalar>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ const fvPatchScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdTMvar2
 
 const boundaryVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdv()
 {
-    if (bdJdvPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdvPtr_)
     {
         bdJdvPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ const boundaryVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdv()
 
 const boundaryScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdvn()
 {
-    if (bdJdvnPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdvnPtr_)
     {
         bdJdvnPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<scalar>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ const boundaryScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdvn()
 
 const boundaryVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdvt()
 {
-    if (bdJdvtPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdvtPtr_)
     {
         bdJdvtPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ const boundaryVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdvt()
 
 const boundaryVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdp()
 {
-    if (bdJdpPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdpPtr_)
     {
         bdJdpPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ const boundaryVectorField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdp()
 
 const boundaryScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdT()
 {
-    if (bdJdTPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdTPtr_)
     {
         bdJdTPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<scalar>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ const boundaryScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdT()
 
 const boundaryScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdTMvar1()
 {
-    if (bdJdTMvar1Ptr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdTMvar1Ptr_)
     {
         bdJdTMvar1Ptr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<scalar>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ const boundaryScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdTMvar1()
 
 const boundaryScalarField& objectiveIncompressible::boundarydJdTMvar2()
 {
-    if (bdJdTMvar2Ptr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdTMvar2Ptr_)
     {
         bdJdTMvar2Ptr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<scalar>(mesh_));
     }
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectivePartialVolume/objectivePartialVolume.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectivePartialVolume/objectivePartialVolume.C
index 3bd600a9e8a..6cb85fea56a 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectivePartialVolume/objectivePartialVolume.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectivePartialVolume/objectivePartialVolume.C
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ bool objectivePartialVolume::write(const bool valid) const
         // in order to avoid various instantiations of the same objective
         // opening the same file
         unsigned int width = IOstream::defaultPrecision() + 6;
-        if (objFunctionFilePtr_.empty())
+        if (!objFunctionFilePtr_)
         {
             setObjectiveFilePtr();
             objFunctionFilePtr_() << setw(4)     << "#"               << " ";
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectivePtLosses/objectivePtLosses.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectivePtLosses/objectivePtLosses.C
index 53792824458..3bbfb181776 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectivePtLosses/objectivePtLosses.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/incompressible/objectivePtLosses/objectivePtLosses.C
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ bool objectivePtLosses::write(const bool valid) const
         // in order to avoid various instantiations of the same objective
         // opening the same file
         unsigned int width = IOstream::defaultPrecision() + 5;
-        if (objFunctionFilePtr_.empty())
+        if (!objFunctionFilePtr_)
         {
             setObjectiveFilePtr();
             objFunctionFilePtr_() << setw(4)     << "#"        << " ";
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/objective/objective.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/objective/objective.C
index 5a0bf4dea6d..b4e3e2d8a35 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/objective/objective.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/objectives/objective/objective.C
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ scalar objective::JCycle() const
     J -= target_;
 
     // Normalize here, in order to get the correct value for line search
-    if (normalize_ && normFactor_.valid())
+    if (normalize_ && normFactor_)
     {
         J /= normFactor_();
     }
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ scalar objective::JCycle() const
 
 void objective::updateNormalizationFactor()
 {
-    if (normalize_ && normFactor_.empty())
+    if (normalize_ && !normFactor_)
     {
         normFactor_.reset(new scalar(JCycle()));
     }
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ bool objective::normalize() const
 
 void objective::doNormalization()
 {
-    if (normalize_ && normFactor_.valid())
+    if (normalize_ && normFactor_)
     {
         const scalar oneOverNorm(1./normFactor_());
 
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ void objective::incrementIntegrationTimes(const scalar timeSpan)
 
 const volScalarField& objective::dJdb()
 {
-    if (dJdbPtr_.empty())
+    if (!dJdbPtr_)
     {
         // If pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         dJdbPtr_.reset
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ const volScalarField& objective::dJdb()
 
 const fvPatchVectorField& objective::boundarydJdb(const label patchI)
 {
-    if (bdJdbPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdbPtr_)
     {
         bdJdbPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ const fvPatchVectorField& objective::boundarydJdb(const label patchI)
 
 const fvPatchVectorField& objective::dSdbMultiplier(const label patchI)
 {
-    if (bdSdbMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdSdbMultPtr_)
     {
         bdSdbMultPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ const fvPatchVectorField& objective::dSdbMultiplier(const label patchI)
 
 const fvPatchVectorField& objective::dndbMultiplier(const label patchI)
 {
-    if (bdndbMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdndbMultPtr_)
     {
         bdndbMultPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ const fvPatchVectorField& objective::dndbMultiplier(const label patchI)
 
 const fvPatchVectorField& objective::dxdbMultiplier(const label patchI)
 {
-    if (bdxdbMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdxdbMultPtr_)
     {
         bdxdbMultPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ const fvPatchVectorField& objective::dxdbMultiplier(const label patchI)
 
 const fvPatchVectorField& objective::dxdbDirectMultiplier(const label patchI)
 {
-    if (bdxdbDirectMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdxdbDirectMultPtr_)
     {
         bdxdbDirectMultPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ const vectorField& objective::boundaryEdgeMultiplier
     const label edgeI
 )
 {
-    if (bdxdbDirectMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdxdbDirectMultPtr_)
     {
         FatalErrorInFunction
             << "Unallocated boundaryEdgeMultiplier field"
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ const vectorField& objective::boundaryEdgeMultiplier
 
 const fvPatchTensorField& objective::boundarydJdStress(const label patchI)
 {
-    if (bdJdStressPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdStressPtr_)
     {
         bdJdStressPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<tensor>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ const fvPatchTensorField& objective::boundarydJdStress(const label patchI)
 
 const boundaryVectorField& objective::boundarydJdb()
 {
-    if (bdJdbPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdbPtr_)
     {
         bdJdbPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ const boundaryVectorField& objective::boundarydJdb()
 
 const boundaryVectorField& objective::dSdbMultiplier()
 {
-    if (bdSdbMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdSdbMultPtr_)
     {
         bdSdbMultPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ const boundaryVectorField& objective::dSdbMultiplier()
 
 const boundaryVectorField& objective::dndbMultiplier()
 {
-    if (bdndbMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdndbMultPtr_)
     {
         bdndbMultPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ const boundaryVectorField& objective::dndbMultiplier()
 
 const boundaryVectorField& objective::dxdbMultiplier()
 {
-    if (bdxdbMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdxdbMultPtr_)
     {
         bdxdbMultPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ const boundaryVectorField& objective::dxdbMultiplier()
 
 const boundaryVectorField& objective::dxdbDirectMultiplier()
 {
-    if (bdxdbDirectMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdxdbDirectMultPtr_)
     {
         bdxdbDirectMultPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<vector>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ const boundaryVectorField& objective::dxdbDirectMultiplier()
 
 const vectorField3& objective::boundaryEdgeMultiplier()
 {
-    if (bdxdbDirectMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdxdbDirectMultPtr_)
     {
         FatalErrorInFunction
             << "Unallocated boundaryEdgeMultiplier field"
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ const vectorField3& objective::boundaryEdgeMultiplier()
 
 const boundaryTensorField& objective::boundarydJdStress()
 {
-    if (bdJdStressPtr_.empty())
+    if (!bdJdStressPtr_)
     {
         bdJdStressPtr_.reset(createZeroBoundaryPtr<tensor>(mesh_));
     }
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ const boundaryTensorField& objective::boundarydJdStress()
 
 const volScalarField& objective::divDxDbMultiplier()
 {
-    if (divDxDbMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!divDxDbMultPtr_)
     {
         // If pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         divDxDbMultPtr_.reset
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ const volScalarField& objective::divDxDbMultiplier()
 
 const volTensorField& objective::gradDxDbMultiplier()
 {
-    if (gradDxDbMultPtr_.empty())
+    if (!gradDxDbMultPtr_)
     {
         // If pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         gradDxDbMultPtr_.reset
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ bool objective::write(const bool valid) const
         // File is opened only upon invocation of the write function
         // in order to avoid various instantiations of the same objective
         // opening the same file
-        if (objFunctionFilePtr_.empty())
+        if (!objFunctionFilePtr_)
         {
             setObjectiveFilePtr();
         }
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ void objective::writeInstantaneousValue() const
         // File is opened only upon invocation of the write function
         // in order to avoid various instantiations of the same objective
         // opening the same file
-        if (instantValueFilePtr_.empty())
+        if (!instantValueFilePtr_)
         {
             setInstantValueFilePtr();
         }
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ void objective::writeInstantaneousSeparator() const
 {
     if (Pstream::master())
     {
-        if (instantValueFilePtr_.valid())
+        if (instantValueFilePtr_)
         {
             instantValueFilePtr_() << endl;
         }
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ void objective::writeMeanValue() const
             // File is opened only upon invocation of the write function
             // in order to avoid various instantiations of the same objective
             // opening the same file
-            if (meanValueFilePtr_.empty())
+            if (!meanValueFilePtr_)
             {
                 setMeanValueFilePtr();
             }
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ void objective::writeMeanValue() const
 bool objective::writeData(Ostream& os) const
 {
     os.writeEntry("JMean", JMean_);
-    if (normFactor_.valid())
+    if (normFactor_)
     {
         os.writeEntry("normFactor", normFactor_());
     }
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/FIBase/FIBaseIncompressible.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/FIBase/FIBaseIncompressible.C
index 4cc2993e2af..beb01e35e0b 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/FIBase/FIBaseIncompressible.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/FIBase/FIBaseIncompressible.C
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void FIBase::read()
         );
 
     // Allocate distance solver if needed
-    if (includeDistance_ && eikonalSolver_.empty())
+    if (includeDistance_ && !eikonalSolver_)
     {
         eikonalSolver_.reset
         (
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/sensitivitySurface/sensitivitySurfaceIncompressible.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/sensitivitySurface/sensitivitySurfaceIncompressible.C
index 50786bf00fa..e35e9900546 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/sensitivitySurface/sensitivitySurfaceIncompressible.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/sensitivitySurface/sensitivitySurfaceIncompressible.C
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ void sensitivitySurface::read()
         dict().getOrDefault<bool>("writeGeometricInfo", false);
 
     // Allocate new solvers if necessary
-    if (includeDistance_ && eikonalSolver_.empty())
+    if (includeDistance_ && !eikonalSolver_)
     {
         eikonalSolver_.reset
         (
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ void sensitivitySurface::read()
             )
         );
     }
-    if (includeMeshMovement_ && meshMovementSolver_.empty())
+    if (includeMeshMovement_ && !meshMovementSolver_)
     {
         meshMovementSolver_.reset
         (
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/sensitivitySurfacePoints/sensitivitySurfacePointsIncompressible.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/sensitivitySurfacePoints/sensitivitySurfacePointsIncompressible.C
index 264839e5153..fbe520c8955 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/sensitivitySurfacePoints/sensitivitySurfacePointsIncompressible.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/adjointSensitivity/incompressible/sensitivitySurfacePoints/sensitivitySurfacePointsIncompressible.C
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void sensitivitySurfacePoints::read()
         dict().getOrDefault<bool>("includeObjectiveContribution", true);
 
     // Allocate new solvers if necessary
-    if (includeDistance_ && eikonalSolver_.empty())
+    if (includeDistance_ && !eikonalSolver_)
     {
         eikonalSolver_.reset
         (
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ void sensitivitySurfacePoints::read()
         );
     }
 
-    if (includeMeshMovement_ && meshMovementSolver_.empty())
+    if (includeMeshMovement_ && !meshMovementSolver_)
     {
         meshMovementSolver_.reset
         (
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/optMeshMovement/optMeshMovement/optMeshMovement.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/optMeshMovement/optMeshMovement/optMeshMovement.C
index 1cce17ff3bf..566165c67f6 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/optMeshMovement/optMeshMovement/optMeshMovement.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/optMeshMovement/optMeshMovement/optMeshMovement.C
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace Foam
 
 Foam::scalar Foam::optMeshMovement::getMaxAllowedDisplacement() const
 {
-    if (maxAllowedDisplacement_.empty())
+    if (!maxAllowedDisplacement_)
     {
         FatalErrorInFunction
             << "maxAllowedDisplacement requested but not set" << nl
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/updateMethod/SQP/SQP.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/updateMethod/SQP/SQP.C
index 0563693e97e..7626776fed3 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/updateMethod/SQP/SQP.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/optimisation/updateMethod/SQP/SQP.C
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ void Foam::SQP::write()
         constraintsSize = constraintsSize*(width + 1) + 2;
 
         // Open file and write header
-        if (meritFunctionFile_.empty())
+        if (!meritFunctionFile_)
         {
             meritFunctionFile_.reset
             (
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/parameterization/NURBS/NURBS3DSurface/NURBS3DSurface.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/parameterization/NURBS/NURBS3DSurface/NURBS3DSurface.C
index 30120c035ed..25758e30bf2 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/parameterization/NURBS/NURBS3DSurface/NURBS3DSurface.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/parameterization/NURBS/NURBS3DSurface/NURBS3DSurface.C
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2007-2019 PCOpt/NTUA
     Copyright (C) 2013-2019 FOSS GP
-    Copyright (C) 2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2019-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -2038,7 +2038,7 @@ scalar NURBS3DSurface::lengthDerivativeV
 
 const labelList& NURBS3DSurface::getBoundaryCPIDs()
 {
-    if(boundaryCPIDs_.empty())
+    if (!boundaryCPIDs_)
     {
         const label uNCPs(uBasis_.nCPs());
         const label vNCPs(vBasis_.nCPs());
@@ -2082,7 +2082,7 @@ const labelList& NURBS3DSurface::getBoundaryCPIs()
 
 const label& NURBS3DSurface::whichBoundaryCPI(const label& globalCPI)
 {
-    if(whichBoundaryCPID_.empty())
+    if (!whichBoundaryCPID_)
     {
         getBoundaryCPIDs();
     }
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/parameterization/NURBS/NURBS3DVolume/NURBS3DVolume/NURBS3DVolume.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/parameterization/NURBS/NURBS3DVolume/NURBS3DVolume/NURBS3DVolume.C
index 908ed1ced27..eeb15d95542 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/parameterization/NURBS/NURBS3DVolume/NURBS3DVolume/NURBS3DVolume.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/parameterization/NURBS/NURBS3DVolume/NURBS3DVolume/NURBS3DVolume.C
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@ Foam::scalar Foam::NURBS3DVolume::computeMaxBoundaryDisplacement
 
 Foam::tmp<Foam::vectorField> Foam::NURBS3DVolume::getPointsInBox()
 {
-    if (mapPtr_.empty())
+    if (!mapPtr_)
     {
         findPointsInBox(localSystemCoordinates_);
     }
@@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ Foam::tmp<Foam::vectorField> Foam::NURBS3DVolume::getPointsInBox()
 
 const Foam::labelList& Foam::NURBS3DVolume::getMap()
 {
-    if (mapPtr_.empty())
+    if (!mapPtr_)
     {
         findPointsInBox(localSystemCoordinates_);
     }
@@ -1683,7 +1683,7 @@ const Foam::labelList& Foam::NURBS3DVolume::getMap()
 
 const Foam::labelList& Foam::NURBS3DVolume::getReverseMap()
 {
-    if (reverseMapPtr_.empty())
+    if (!reverseMapPtr_)
     {
         findPointsInBox(localSystemCoordinates_);
     }
@@ -1695,11 +1695,11 @@ const Foam::labelList& Foam::NURBS3DVolume::getReverseMap()
 const Foam::pointVectorField& Foam::NURBS3DVolume::getParametricCoordinates()
 {
     // If not computed yet, compute parametric coordinates
-    if (parametricCoordinatesPtr_.empty())
+    if (!parametricCoordinatesPtr_)
     {
         // Find mesh points inside control points box
         // if they have been identified yet
-        if (mapPtr_.empty())
+        if (!mapPtr_)
         {
             findPointsInBox(localSystemCoordinates_);
         }
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/solvers/solverControl/SIMPLEControl/optimisation/SIMPLEControlOpt.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/solvers/solverControl/SIMPLEControl/optimisation/SIMPLEControlOpt.C
index 3fe260bb6ec..81336289bcf 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/solvers/solverControl/SIMPLEControl/optimisation/SIMPLEControlOpt.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/solvers/solverControl/SIMPLEControl/optimisation/SIMPLEControlOpt.C
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ bool Foam::SIMPLEControlOpt::loop()
     Time& runTime = const_cast<Time&>(mesh_.time());
 
     // Sub-cycle time if this is the first iter
-    if (subCycledTimePtr_.empty())
+    if (!subCycledTimePtr_)
     {
         subCycledTimePtr_.reset(new subCycleTime(runTime, nIters()));
         Info<< "Solving equations for solver "
diff --git a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/turbulenceModels/incompressibleAdjoint/adjointRAS/adjointRASModel/adjointRASModel.C b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/turbulenceModels/incompressibleAdjoint/adjointRAS/adjointRASModel/adjointRASModel.C
index 6e81abaa016..3abbac727c1 100644
--- a/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/turbulenceModels/incompressibleAdjoint/adjointRAS/adjointRASModel/adjointRASModel.C
+++ b/src/optimisation/adjointOptimisation/adjoint/turbulenceModels/incompressibleAdjoint/adjointRAS/adjointRASModel/adjointRASModel.C
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ bool adjointRASModel::read()
 
 volScalarField& adjointRASModel::getAdjointTMVariable1Inst()
 {
-    if (adjointTMVariable1Ptr_.empty())
+    if (!adjointTMVariable1Ptr_)
     {
         // if pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         adjointTMVariable1Ptr_.reset
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ volScalarField& adjointRASModel::getAdjointTMVariable1Inst()
 
 volScalarField& adjointRASModel::getAdjointTMVariable2Inst()
 {
-    if (adjointTMVariable2Ptr_.empty())
+    if (!adjointTMVariable2Ptr_)
     {
         // if pointer is not set, set it to a zero field
         adjointTMVariable2Ptr_.reset
diff --git a/src/overset/dynamicOversetFvMesh/dynamicOversetFvMesh.C b/src/overset/dynamicOversetFvMesh/dynamicOversetFvMesh.C
index 30479a1f076..89013e02d84 100644
--- a/src/overset/dynamicOversetFvMesh/dynamicOversetFvMesh.C
+++ b/src/overset/dynamicOversetFvMesh/dynamicOversetFvMesh.C
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ const Foam::lduAddressing& Foam::dynamicOversetFvMesh::lduAddr() const
         //return dynamicMotionSolverFvMesh::lduAddr();
         return dynamicFvMesh::lduAddr();
     }
-    if (lduPtr_.empty())
+    if (!lduPtr_)
     {
         // Build extended addressing
         updateAddressing();
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ Foam::lduInterfacePtrsList Foam::dynamicOversetFvMesh::interfaces() const
         //return dynamicMotionSolverFvMesh::interfaces();
         return dynamicFvMesh::interfaces();
     }
-    if (lduPtr_.empty())
+    if (!lduPtr_)
     {
         // Build extended addressing
         updateAddressing();
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ Foam::lduInterfacePtrsList Foam::dynamicOversetFvMesh::interfaces() const
 const Foam::fvMeshPrimitiveLduAddressing&
 Foam::dynamicOversetFvMesh::primitiveLduAddr() const
 {
-    if (lduPtr_.empty())
+    if (!lduPtr_)
     {
         FatalErrorInFunction
             << "Extended addressing not allocated" << abort(FatalError);
diff --git a/src/regionModels/thermalBaffleModels/derivedFvPatchFields/thermalBaffle/thermalBaffleFvPatchScalarField.C b/src/regionModels/thermalBaffleModels/derivedFvPatchFields/thermalBaffle/thermalBaffleFvPatchScalarField.C
index b22753658df..b9656debb48 100644
--- a/src/regionModels/thermalBaffleModels/derivedFvPatchFields/thermalBaffle/thermalBaffleFvPatchScalarField.C
+++ b/src/regionModels/thermalBaffleModels/derivedFvPatchFields/thermalBaffle/thermalBaffleFvPatchScalarField.C
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ thermalBaffleFvPatchScalarField::thermalBaffleFvPatchScalarField
         && regionName != "none"
     )
     {
-        if (extrudeMeshPtr_.empty())
+        if (!extrudeMeshPtr_)
         {
             createPatchMesh();
         }
@@ -249,14 +249,6 @@ void thermalBaffleFvPatchScalarField::createPatchMesh()
             regionPatches
         )
     );
-
-    if (extrudeMeshPtr_.empty())
-    {
-        WarningInFunction
-            << "Specified IOobject::MUST_READ_IF_MODIFIED but class"
-            << " patchMeshPtr not set."
-            << endl;
-    }
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/sampling/sampledSet/sampledSets/sampledSetsTemplates.C b/src/sampling/sampledSet/sampledSets/sampledSetsTemplates.C
index 8a50c1c29ff..6ffb818ed4a 100644
--- a/src/sampling/sampledSet/sampledSets/sampledSetsTemplates.C
+++ b/src/sampling/sampledSet/sampledSets/sampledSetsTemplates.C
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2015-2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2015-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ void Foam::sampledSets::sampleAndWrite(fieldGroup<Type>& fields)
         const bool interpolate = interpolationScheme_ != "cell";
 
         // Create or use existing writer
-        if (fields.formatter.empty())
+        if (!fields.formatter)
         {
             fields = writeFormat_;
         }
diff --git a/src/sampling/sampledSurface/isoSurface/sampledIsoSurface.C b/src/sampling/sampledSurface/isoSurface/sampledIsoSurface.C
index a857c882db4..314153913db 100644
--- a/src/sampling/sampledSurface/isoSurface/sampledIsoSurface.C
+++ b/src/sampling/sampledSurface/isoSurface/sampledIsoSurface.C
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ void Foam::sampledIsoSurface::getIsoFields() const
 
         if
         (
-            storedVolFieldPtr_.empty()
+            !storedVolFieldPtr_
          || (fvm.time().timeName() != storedVolFieldPtr_().instance())
         )
         {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ void Foam::sampledIsoSurface::getIsoFields() const
     // (volPointInterpolation::interpolate with cache=false deletes any
     //  registered one or if mesh.changing())
 
-    if (subMeshPtr_.empty())
+    if (!subMeshPtr_)
     {
         const word pointFldName =
             "volPointInterpolate_"
@@ -316,8 +316,8 @@ bool Foam::sampledIsoSurface::updateGeometry() const
     // Get sub-mesh if any
     if
     (
-        (-1 != mesh().cellZones().findIndex(zoneNames_))
-     && subMeshPtr_.empty()
+        !subMeshPtr_
+     && (-1 != mesh().cellZones().findIndex(zoneNames_))
     )
     {
         const polyBoundaryMesh& patches = mesh().boundaryMesh();
diff --git a/src/sampling/sampledSurface/sampledCuttingPlane/sampledCuttingPlane.C b/src/sampling/sampledSurface/sampledCuttingPlane/sampledCuttingPlane.C
index 6718ef56e78..0a9de84b921 100644
--- a/src/sampling/sampledSurface/sampledCuttingPlane/sampledCuttingPlane.C
+++ b/src/sampling/sampledSurface/sampledCuttingPlane/sampledCuttingPlane.C
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2016 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2016-2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2016-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ void Foam::sampledCuttingPlane::createGeometry()
     // Get sub-mesh if any
     if
     (
-        (-1 != mesh().cellZones().findIndex(zoneNames_))
-     && subMeshPtr_.empty()
+        !subMeshPtr_
+     && (-1 != mesh().cellZones().findIndex(zoneNames_))
     )
     {
         const polyBoundaryMesh& patches = mesh().boundaryMesh();
diff --git a/src/sampling/sampledSurface/sampledSurfaces/sampledSurfacesTemplates.C b/src/sampling/sampledSurface/sampledSurfaces/sampledSurfacesTemplates.C
index 8033f189914..93e5e6f43c5 100644
--- a/src/sampling/sampledSurface/sampledSurfaces/sampledSurfacesTemplates.C
+++ b/src/sampling/sampledSurface/sampledSurfaces/sampledSurfacesTemplates.C
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ void Foam::sampledSurfaces::performAction
 
         if (s.interpolate())
         {
-            if (interpPtr.empty())
+            if (!interpPtr)
             {
                 interpPtr = interpolation<Type>::New
                 (
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ void Foam::sampledSurfaces::performAction
         }
         else
         {
-            if (samplePtr.empty())
+            if (!samplePtr)
             {
                 samplePtr = interpolation<Type>::New
                 (
diff --git a/src/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/restraints/linearSpringDamper/linearSpringDamper.C b/src/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/restraints/linearSpringDamper/linearSpringDamper.C
index 0e33400d026..556b0c4ef73 100644
--- a/src/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/restraints/linearSpringDamper/linearSpringDamper.C
+++ b/src/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/restraints/linearSpringDamper/linearSpringDamper.C
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void Foam::sixDoFRigidBodyMotionRestraints::linearSpringDamper::restrain
     vector& restraintMoment
 ) const
 {
-    if (anchor_.empty())
+    if (!anchor_)
     {
         anchor_.reset
         (
diff --git a/src/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotionIO.C b/src/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotionIO.C
index e60b01a0cf3..e6cbb4d5989 100644
--- a/src/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotionIO.C
+++ b/src/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotion/sixDoFRigidBodyMotionIO.C
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ void Foam::sixDoFRigidBodyMotion::write(Ostream& os) const
         os.endBlock();
     }
 
-    if (!solver_.empty())
+    if (solver_)
     {
         os  << indent << "solver";
         solver_->write(os);
diff --git a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/radiationModel/radiationModel.C b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/radiationModel/radiationModel.C
index d526f35f211..f6ffb6c39ac 100644
--- a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/radiationModel/radiationModel.C
+++ b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/radiationModel/radiationModel.C
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ void Foam::radiation::radiationModel::correct()
         firstIter_ = false;
     }
 
-    if (!soot_.empty())
+    if (soot_)
     {
         soot_->correct();
     }
diff --git a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/solarLoad/solarLoad.C b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/solarLoad/solarLoad.C
index 944fdb14baa..315bd43c06c 100644
--- a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/solarLoad/solarLoad.C
+++ b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/radiationModels/solarLoad/solarLoad.C
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2015 OpenFOAM Foundation
-    Copyright (C) 2016-2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2016-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ void Foam::radiation::solarLoad::updateReflectedRays
     const labelHashSet& includePatches
 )
 {
-    if (reflectedFaces_.empty() && !hitFaces_.empty())
+    if (!reflectedFaces_ && hitFaces_)
     {
         reflectedFaces_.reset
         (
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void Foam::radiation::solarLoad::updateReflectedRays
 
 bool Foam::radiation::solarLoad::updateHitFaces()
 {
-    if (hitFaces_.empty())
+    if (!hitFaces_)
     {
          hitFaces_.reset(new faceShading(mesh_, solarCalc_.direction()));
          return true;
diff --git a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/absorptionEmissionModel/greyMeanAbsorptionEmission/greyMeanAbsorptionEmission.C b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/absorptionEmissionModel/greyMeanAbsorptionEmission/greyMeanAbsorptionEmission.C
index 5b0319f8109..3e929ae6778 100644
--- a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/absorptionEmissionModel/greyMeanAbsorptionEmission/greyMeanAbsorptionEmission.C
+++ b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/absorptionEmissionModel/greyMeanAbsorptionEmission/greyMeanAbsorptionEmission.C
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2017 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ Foam::radiation::greyMeanAbsorptionEmission::greyMeanAbsorptionEmission
 
         volScalarField* fldPtr = mesh.getObjectPtr<volScalarField>(specieName);
 
-        if (!lookUpTablePtr_.empty())
+        if (lookUpTablePtr_)
         {
             if (lookUpTablePtr_().found(specieName))
             {
diff --git a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/absorptionEmissionModel/wideBandAbsorptionEmission/wideBandAbsorptionEmission.C b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/absorptionEmissionModel/wideBandAbsorptionEmission/wideBandAbsorptionEmission.C
index d359849c58f..9444a1e9a14 100644
--- a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/absorptionEmissionModel/wideBandAbsorptionEmission/wideBandAbsorptionEmission.C
+++ b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/absorptionEmissionModel/wideBandAbsorptionEmission/wideBandAbsorptionEmission.C
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
+    Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ Foam::radiation::wideBandAbsorptionEmission::wideBandAbsorptionEmission
 
         volScalarField* fldPtr = mesh.getObjectPtr<volScalarField>(specieName);
 
-        if (!lookUpTablePtr_.empty())
+        if (lookUpTablePtr_)
         {
             if (lookUpTablePtr_().found(specieName))
             {
diff --git a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/boundaryRadiationProperties/boundaryRadiationProperties.C b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/boundaryRadiationProperties/boundaryRadiationProperties.C
index be0fe78bf20..3e25ef3d8f9 100644
--- a/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/boundaryRadiationProperties/boundaryRadiationProperties.C
+++ b/src/thermophysicalModels/radiation/submodels/boundaryRadiationProperties/boundaryRadiationProperties.C
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
      \\/     M anipulation  |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Copyright (C) 2015-2018 OpenCFD Ltd.
+    Copyright (C) 2015-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License
     This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::emissivity
     scalarField* T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->e
         (
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ Foam::scalar Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::faceEmissivity
     scalar T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->e
         (
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::absorptivity
     scalarField* T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->a
         (
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Foam::scalar Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::faceAbsorptivity
     scalar T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->a
         (
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::transmissivity
     scalarField* T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->t
         (
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ Foam::scalar Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::faceTransmissivity
     scalar T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->t
         (
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::diffReflectivity
     scalarField* T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->rDiff
         (
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ Foam::scalar Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::faceDiffReflectivity
     scalar T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->rDiff
         (
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::specReflectivity
     scalarField* T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->rSpec
         (
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ Foam::scalar Foam::radiation::boundaryRadiationProperties::faceSpecReflectivity
     scalar T
 ) const
 {
-    if (!radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi].empty())
+    if (radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi])
     {
         return radBoundaryPropertiesPtrList_[patchi]->rSpec
         (
-- 
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