diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/DistortedSphereDrag/DistortedSphereDragForce.C b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/DistortedSphereDrag/DistortedSphereDragForce.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a3ec75ebd100dfdae47e88d2e0c64303130ecde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/DistortedSphereDrag/DistortedSphereDragForce.C
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "DistortedSphereDragForce.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::scalar Foam::DistortedSphereDragForce<CloudType>::CdRe
+(
+ const scalar Re
+) const
+{
+ if (Re > 1000.0)
+ {
+ return 0.424*Re;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return 24.0*(1.0 + (1.0/6.0)*pow(Re, 2.0/3.0));
+ }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::DistortedSphereDragForce<CloudType>::DistortedSphereDragForce
+(
+ CloudType& owner,
+ const fvMesh& mesh,
+ const dictionary& dict
+)
+:
+ ParticleForce<CloudType>(owner, mesh, dict, typeName, false)
+{}
+
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::DistortedSphereDragForce<CloudType>::DistortedSphereDragForce
+(
+ const DistortedSphereDragForce<CloudType>& df
+)
+:
+ ParticleForce<CloudType>(df)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::DistortedSphereDragForce<CloudType>::~DistortedSphereDragForce()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::forceSuSp Foam::DistortedSphereDragForce<CloudType>::calcCoupled
+(
+ const typename CloudType::parcelType& p,
+ const scalar dt,
+ const scalar mass,
+ const scalar Re,
+ const scalar muc
+) const
+{
+ forceSuSp value(vector::zero, 0.0);
+
+ // Limit the drop distortion to y=0 (sphere) and y=1 (disk)
+ scalar y = min(max(p.y(), 0), 1);
+
+ value.Sp() = mass*0.75*muc*CdRe(Re)*(1 + 2.632*y)/(p.rho()*sqr(p.d()));
+
+ return value;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/DistortedSphereDrag/DistortedSphereDragForce.H b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/DistortedSphereDrag/DistortedSphereDragForce.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb9dd62d5da22eaef21e61fe144b1d0f4ad501c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/ParticleForces/Drag/DistortedSphereDrag/DistortedSphereDragForce.H
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::DistortedSphereDragForce
+
+Description
+ Drag model based on assumption of distorted spheres according to:
+
+ \verbatim
+ "Effects of Drop Drag and Breakup on Fuel Sprays"
+ Liu, A.B., Mather, D., Reitz, R.D.,
+ SAE Paper 930072,
+ SAE Transactions, Vol. 102, Section 3, Journal of Engines, 1993,
+ pp. 63-95
+ \endverbatim
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef DistortedSphereDragForce_H
+#define DistortedSphereDragForce_H
+
+#include "ParticleForce.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class DistortedSphereDragForce Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class CloudType>
+class DistortedSphereDragForce
+:
+ public ParticleForce<CloudType>
+{
+ // Private Member Functions
+
+ //- Drag coefficient multiplied by Reynolds number
+ scalar CdRe(const scalar Re) const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("distortedSphereDrag");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from mesh
+ DistortedSphereDragForce
+ (
+ CloudType& owner,
+ const fvMesh& mesh,
+ const dictionary& dict
+ );
+
+ //- Construct copy
+ DistortedSphereDragForce(const DistortedSphereDragForce<CloudType>& df);
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone
+ virtual autoPtr<ParticleForce<CloudType> > clone() const
+ {
+ return autoPtr<ParticleForce<CloudType> >
+ (
+ new DistortedSphereDragForce<CloudType>(*this)
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ //- Destructor
+ virtual ~DistortedSphereDragForce();
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ // Evaluation
+
+ //- Calculate the coupled force
+ virtual forceSuSp calcCoupled
+ (
+ const typename CloudType::parcelType& p,
+ const scalar dt,
+ const scalar mass,
+ const scalar Re,
+ const scalar muc
+ ) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+# include "DistortedSphereDragForce.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/spray/parcels/Templates/SprayParcel/SprayParcel.C b/src/lagrangian/spray/parcels/Templates/SprayParcel/SprayParcel.C
index cb284c9b5d55a5964b2fea3b9e0e0321433da6f0..0b1419c5a393a041cfb3cc38af7a79e7b798061c 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/spray/parcels/Templates/SprayParcel/SprayParcel.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/spray/parcels/Templates/SprayParcel/SprayParcel.C
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ void Foam::SprayParcel<ParcelType>::solveTABEq
)
{
const scalar& TABCmu = td.cloud().breakup().TABCmu();
- const scalar& TABWeCrit = td.cloud().breakup().TABWeCrit();
+ const scalar& TABtwoWeCrit = td.cloud().breakup().TABtwoWeCrit();
const scalar& TABComega = td.cloud().breakup().TABComega();
scalar r = 0.5*this->d();
@@ -385,27 +385,19 @@ void Foam::SprayParcel<ParcelType>::solveTABEq
{
scalar omega = sqrt(omega2);
scalar rhoc = this->rhoc();
- scalar We = this->We(this->U(), r, rhoc, sigma_)/TABWeCrit;
+ scalar We = this->We(this->U(), r, rhoc, sigma_)/TABtwoWeCrit;
- scalar y1 = this->y() - We;
- scalar y2 = this->yDot()/omega;
+ // Initial values for y and yDot
+ scalar y0 = this->y() - We;
+ scalar yDot0 = this->yDot() + y0*rtd;
// Update distortion parameters
scalar c = cos(omega*dt);
scalar s = sin(omega*dt);
scalar e = exp(-rtd*dt);
- y2 = (this->yDot() + y1*rtd)/omega;
- this->y() = We + e*(y1*c + y2*s);
- if (this->y() < 0)
- {
- this->y() = 0.0;
- this->yDot() = 0.0;
- }
- else
- {
- this->yDot() = (We - this->y())*rtd + e*omega*(y2*c - y1*s);
- }
+ this->y() = We + e*(y0*c + (yDot0/omega)*s);
+ this->yDot() = (We - this->y())*rtd + e*(yDot0*c - omega*y0*s);
}
else
{
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/spray/parcels/derived/basicSprayParcel/makeBasicSprayParcelSubmodels.C b/src/lagrangian/spray/parcels/derived/basicSprayParcel/makeBasicSprayParcelSubmodels.C
index 3f92b79a57c1a8115e42219639102678c26f4164..0430e33f91665506076f661bc559a5e8d4e103cd 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/spray/parcels/derived/basicSprayParcel/makeBasicSprayParcelSubmodels.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/spray/parcels/derived/basicSprayParcel/makeBasicSprayParcelSubmodels.C
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ License
#include "makeReactingParcelSurfaceFilmModels.H"
// Spray
+#include "DistortedSphereDragForce.H"
#include "makeSprayParcelAtomizationModels.H"
#include "makeSprayParcelBreakupModels.H"
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ namespace Foam
makeReactingParcelSurfaceFilmModels(basicSprayCloud);
// Spray sub-models
+ makeParticleForceModelType(DistortedSphereDragForce, basicSprayCloud);
makeSprayParcelAtomizationModels(basicSprayCloud);
makeSprayParcelBreakupModels(basicSprayCloud);
};
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/BreakupModel/BreakupModel.C b/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/BreakupModel/BreakupModel.C
index 2b9efbcea4545deb3778b5f6aa36562259f2a1f1..60047fd32fd0963a8d088b38fd1ead39216312b8 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/BreakupModel/BreakupModel.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/BreakupModel/BreakupModel.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration |
- \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011-2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Foam::BreakupModel<CloudType>::BreakupModel
yDot0_(0.0),
TABComega_(0.0),
TABCmu_(0.0),
- TABWeCrit_(0.0)
+ TABtwoWeCrit_(0.0)
{}
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Foam::BreakupModel<CloudType>::BreakupModel
yDot0_(bum.yDot0_),
TABComega_(bum.TABComega_),
TABCmu_(bum.TABCmu_),
- TABWeCrit_(bum.TABWeCrit_)
+ TABtwoWeCrit_(bum.TABtwoWeCrit_)
{}
@@ -70,20 +70,19 @@ Foam::BreakupModel<CloudType>::BreakupModel
:
CloudSubModelBase<CloudType>(owner, dict, typeName, type),
solveOscillationEq_(solveOscillationEq),
- y0_(0.0),
- yDot0_(0.0),
- TABComega_(0.0),
- TABCmu_(0.0),
- TABWeCrit_(0.0)
+ y0_(this->coeffDict().template lookupOrDefault<scalar>("y0", 0.0)),
+ yDot0_(this->coeffDict().template lookupOrDefault<scalar>("yDot0", 0.0)),
+ TABComega_(8),
+ TABCmu_(5),
+ TABtwoWeCrit_(12)
{
- if (solveOscillationEq_)
+ if (solveOscillationEq_ && dict.found("TABCoeffs"))
{
const dictionary coeffs(dict.subDict("TABCoeffs"));
- y0_ = coeffs.template lookupOrDefault<scalar>("y0", 0.0);
- yDot0_ = coeffs.template lookupOrDefault<scalar>("yDot0", 0.0);
- TABComega_ = coeffs.template lookupOrDefault<scalar>("Comega", 8.0);
- TABCmu_ = coeffs.template lookupOrDefault<scalar>("Cmu", 10.0);
- TABWeCrit_ = coeffs.template lookupOrDefault<scalar>("WeCrit", 12.0);
+ coeffs.lookup("Comega") >> TABComega_;
+ coeffs.lookup("Cmu") >> TABCmu_;
+ scalar WeCrit(readScalar(coeffs.lookup("WeCrit")));
+ TABtwoWeCrit_ = 2*WeCrit;
}
}
@@ -160,4 +159,3 @@ bool Foam::BreakupModel<CloudType>::update
#include "BreakupModelNew.C"
// ************************************************************************* //
-
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/BreakupModel/BreakupModel.H b/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/BreakupModel/BreakupModel.H
index ec51693b03bcab3b3f125536c846d5da38ae15e6..fdbd849b609b0fa3aa8aa58da7c77b31da06846b 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/BreakupModel/BreakupModel.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/BreakupModel/BreakupModel.H
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration |
- \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011-2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
@@ -63,9 +63,10 @@ protected:
scalar y0_;
scalar yDot0_;
+
scalar TABComega_;
scalar TABCmu_;
- scalar TABWeCrit_;
+ scalar TABtwoWeCrit_;
public:
@@ -153,9 +154,9 @@ public:
return TABCmu_;
}
- inline const scalar& TABWeCrit() const
+ inline const scalar& TABtwoWeCrit() const
{
- return TABWeCrit_;
+ return TABtwoWeCrit_;
}
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/ETAB/ETAB.C b/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/ETAB/ETAB.C
index dec1e0bae0fb986b7f5248e250870239e8a6c4b9..c30ded6d7c89553fe6e28a33afbcf575437ca698 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/ETAB/ETAB.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/ETAB/ETAB.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration |
- \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011-2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ bool Foam::ETAB<CloudType>::update
scalar romega = 1.0/omega;
scalar We = rhoc*sqr(Urmag)*r/sigma;
- scalar Wetmp = We/this->TABWeCrit_;
+ scalar Wetmp = We/this->TABtwoWeCrit_;
scalar y1 = y - Wetmp;
scalar y2 = yDot*romega;
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/TAB/TAB.C b/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/TAB/TAB.C
index 817542ad7cf23d354a82c76638b7f9b5c3fdf575..92a92157ad31707993d7eba0200bd5430e1ef53b 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/TAB/TAB.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/spray/submodels/BreakupModel/TAB/TAB.C
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration |
- \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011-2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011-2014 OpenFOAM Foundation
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ bool Foam::TAB<CloudType>::update
{
scalar omega = sqrt(omega2);
scalar We = rhoc*sqr(Urmag)*r/sigma;
- scalar Wetmp = We/this->TABWeCrit_;
+ scalar Wetmp = We/this->TABtwoWeCrit_;
scalar y1 = y - Wetmp;
scalar y2 = yDot/omega;