diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/Niceno/NicenoKEqn.C b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/Niceno/NicenoKEqn.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ffdd0553a4ee3d88f422c0dcc6e2d9def3359e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/Niceno/NicenoKEqn.C
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "NicenoKEqn.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "twoPhaseSystem.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace LESModels
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+NicenoKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::NicenoKEqn
+(
+ const alphaField& alpha,
+ const rhoField& rho,
+ const volVectorField& U,
+ const surfaceScalarField& alphaPhi,
+ const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+ const transportModel& transport,
+ const word& propertiesName,
+ const word& type
+)
+:
+ kEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>
+ (
+ alpha,
+ rho,
+ U,
+ alphaPhi,
+ phi,
+ transport,
+ propertiesName,
+ type
+ ),
+
+ gasTurbulencePtr_(NULL),
+
+ alphaInversion_
+ (
+ dimensioned<scalar>::lookupOrAddToDict
+ (
+ "alphaInversion",
+ this->coeffDict_,
+ 0.3
+ )
+ ),
+
+ Cp_
+ (
+ dimensioned<scalar>::lookupOrAddToDict
+ (
+ "Cp",
+ this->coeffDict_,
+ this->Ck_.value()
+ )
+ ),
+
+ Cmub_
+ (
+ dimensioned<scalar>::lookupOrAddToDict
+ (
+ "Cmub",
+ this->coeffDict_,
+ 0.6
+ )
+ )
+{
+ if (type == typeName)
+ {
+ correctNut();
+ this->printCoeffs(type);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+bool NicenoKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::read()
+{
+ if (kEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::read())
+ {
+ alphaInversion_.readIfPresent(this->coeffDict());
+ Cp_.readIfPresent(this->coeffDict());
+ Cmub_.readIfPresent(this->coeffDict());
+
+ return true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return false;
+ }
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel
+<
+ typename BasicTurbulenceModel::transportModel
+>&
+NicenoKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::gasTurbulence() const
+{
+ if (!gasTurbulencePtr_)
+ {
+ const volVectorField& U = this->U_;
+
+ const transportModel& liquid = this->transport();
+ const twoPhaseSystem& fluid = liquid.fluid();
+ const transportModel& gas = fluid.otherPhase(liquid);
+
+ gasTurbulencePtr_ =
+ &U.db()
+ .lookupObject<PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel<transportModel> >
+ (
+ IOobject::groupName
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+ gas.name()
+ )
+ );
+ }
+
+ return *gasTurbulencePtr_;
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+void NicenoKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::correctNut()
+{
+ const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel<transportModel>& gasTurbulence =
+ this->gasTurbulence();
+
+ this->nut_ =
+ this->Ck_*sqrt(this->k_)*this->delta()
+ + Cmub_*gasTurbulence.transport().d()*gasTurbulence.alpha()
+ *(mag(this->U_ - gasTurbulence.U()));
+
+ this->nut_.correctBoundaryConditions();
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+tmp<volScalarField> NicenoKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::bubbleG() const
+{
+ const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel<transportModel>& gasTurbulence =
+ this->gasTurbulence();
+
+ const transportModel& liquid = this->transport();
+ const twoPhaseSystem& fluid = liquid.fluid();
+ const transportModel& gas = fluid.otherPhase(liquid);
+
+ volScalarField magUr(mag(this->U_ - gasTurbulence.U()));
+
+ tmp<volScalarField> bubbleG
+ (
+ Cp_*gas*sqr(magUr)*fluid.drag(gas).K(magUr)/liquid.rho()
+ );
+
+ return bubbleG;
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+tmp<volScalarField>
+NicenoKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::phaseTransferCoeff() const
+{
+ const volVectorField& U = this->U_;
+ const alphaField& alpha = this->alpha_;
+ const rhoField& rho = this->rho_;
+
+ const turbulenceModel& gasTurbulence = this->gasTurbulence();
+
+ return
+ (
+ max(alphaInversion_ - alpha, 0.0)
+ *rho
+ *min
+ (
+ this->Ce_*sqrt(gasTurbulence.k())/this->delta(),
+ 1.0/U.time().deltaT()
+ )
+ );
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+tmp<fvScalarMatrix> NicenoKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::kSource() const
+{
+ const alphaField& alpha = this->alpha_;
+ const rhoField& rho = this->rho_;
+
+ const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel<transportModel>& gasTurbulence =
+ this->gasTurbulence();
+
+ const volScalarField phaseTransferCoeff(this->phaseTransferCoeff());
+
+ return
+ alpha*rho*bubbleG()
+ + phaseTransferCoeff*gasTurbulence.k()
+ - fvm::Sp(phaseTransferCoeff, this->k_);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace LESModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/Niceno/NicenoKEqn.H b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/Niceno/NicenoKEqn.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e928e8e6bda76bbb16e1efff4e49256bddb2f77f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/Niceno/NicenoKEqn.H
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::LESModels::NicenoKEqn
+
+Group
+ grpLESTurbulence
+
+Description
+ One-equation SGS model for the continuous phase in a two-phase system
+ including bubble-generated turbulence.
+
+ Reference:
+ \verbatim
+ "One-equation sub-grid scale (SGS) modelling for Euler-Euler
+ large eddy simulation (EELES) of dispersed bubbly flow"
+ B. Niceno,
+ M.T. Dhotre,
+ N.G. Dee
+ Chemical Engineering Science 63 (2008) pp. 3923-3931.
+ \endverbatim
+
+ The default model coefficients correspond to the following:
+ \verbatim
+ NicenoKEqnCoeffs
+ {
+ Ck 0.094;
+ Ce 1.048;
+ alphaInversion 0.3;
+ Cp Ck;
+ Cmub 0.6;
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+ NicenoKEqn.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef NicenoKEqn_H
+#define NicenoKEqn_H
+
+#include "kEqn.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace LESModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class NicenoKEqn Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+class NicenoKEqn
+:
+ public kEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>
+{
+ // Private data
+
+ mutable const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel
+ <
+ typename BasicTurbulenceModel::transportModel
+ > *gasTurbulencePtr_;
+
+
+ // Private Member Functions
+
+ //- Return the turbulence model for the gas phase
+ const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel
+ <
+ typename BasicTurbulenceModel::transportModel
+ >&
+ gasTurbulence() const;
+
+ // Disallow default bitwise copy construct and assignment
+ NicenoKEqn(const NicenoKEqn&);
+ NicenoKEqn& operator=(const NicenoKEqn&);
+
+
+protected:
+
+ // Protected data
+
+ // Model coefficients
+
+ dimensionedScalar alphaInversion_;
+ dimensionedScalar Cp_;
+ dimensionedScalar Cmub_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ virtual void correctNut();
+ tmp<volScalarField> bubbleG() const;
+ tmp<volScalarField> phaseTransferCoeff() const;
+ virtual tmp<fvScalarMatrix> kSource() const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ typedef typename BasicTurbulenceModel::alphaField alphaField;
+ typedef typename BasicTurbulenceModel::rhoField rhoField;
+ typedef typename BasicTurbulenceModel::transportModel transportModel;
+
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("NicenoKEqn");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from components
+ NicenoKEqn
+ (
+ const alphaField& alpha,
+ const rhoField& rho,
+ const volVectorField& U,
+ const surfaceScalarField& alphaPhi,
+ const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+ const transportModel& transport,
+ const word& propertiesName = turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+ const word& type = typeName
+ );
+
+
+ //- Destructor
+ virtual ~NicenoKEqn()
+ {}
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Read model coefficients if they have changed
+ virtual bool read();
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace LESModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+# include "NicenoKEqn.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/SmagorinskyZhang/SmagorinskyZhang.C b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/SmagorinskyZhang/SmagorinskyZhang.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d7331a9e77780e2f6e1b3203ad20547b951509f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/SmagorinskyZhang/SmagorinskyZhang.C
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "SmagorinskyZhang.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace LESModels
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+SmagorinskyZhang<BasicTurbulenceModel>::SmagorinskyZhang
+(
+ const alphaField& alpha,
+ const rhoField& rho,
+ const volVectorField& U,
+ const surfaceScalarField& alphaPhi,
+ const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+ const transportModel& transport,
+ const word& propertiesName,
+ const word& type
+)
+:
+ Smagorinsky<BasicTurbulenceModel>
+ (
+ alpha,
+ rho,
+ U,
+ alphaPhi,
+ phi,
+ transport,
+ propertiesName,
+ type
+ ),
+
+ gasTurbulencePtr_(NULL),
+
+ Cmub_
+ (
+ dimensioned<scalar>::lookupOrAddToDict
+ (
+ "Cmub",
+ this->coeffDict_,
+ 0.6
+ )
+ )
+{
+ if (type == typeName)
+ {
+ correctNut();
+ this->printCoeffs(type);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+bool SmagorinskyZhang<BasicTurbulenceModel>::read()
+{
+ if (Smagorinsky<BasicTurbulenceModel>::read())
+ {
+ Cmub_.readIfPresent(this->coeffDict());
+
+ return true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return false;
+ }
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel
+<
+ typename BasicTurbulenceModel::transportModel
+>&
+SmagorinskyZhang<BasicTurbulenceModel>::gasTurbulence() const
+{
+ if (!gasTurbulencePtr_)
+ {
+ const volVectorField& U = this->U_;
+
+ const transportModel& liquid = this->transport();
+ const twoPhaseSystem& fluid = liquid.fluid();
+ const transportModel& gas = fluid.otherPhase(liquid);
+
+ gasTurbulencePtr_ =
+ &U.db()
+ .lookupObject<PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel<transportModel> >
+ (
+ IOobject::groupName
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+ gas.name()
+ )
+ );
+ }
+
+ return *gasTurbulencePtr_;
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+void SmagorinskyZhang<BasicTurbulenceModel>::correctNut()
+{
+ const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel<transportModel>& gasTurbulence =
+ this->gasTurbulence();
+
+ volScalarField k(this->k(fvc::grad(this->U_)));
+
+ this->nut_ =
+ this->Ck_*sqrt(k)*this->delta()
+ + Cmub_*gasTurbulence.transport().d()*gasTurbulence.alpha()
+ *(mag(this->U_ - gasTurbulence.U()));
+
+ this->nut_.correctBoundaryConditions();
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace LESModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/SmagorinskyZhang/SmagorinskyZhang.H b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/SmagorinskyZhang/SmagorinskyZhang.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..20f65da2da59349459d16206f35fabd3c66c19e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/SmagorinskyZhang/SmagorinskyZhang.H
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::LESModels::SmagorinskyZhang
+
+Group
+ grpLESTurbulence
+
+Description
+ The Smagorinsky SGS model including bubble-generated turbulence
+
+ Reference:
+ \verbatim
+ "Numerical simulation of the dynamic flow behavior in a bubble column:
+ A study of closures for turbulence and interface forces"
+ D. Zhang,
+ N.G. Deen,
+ J.A.M. Kuipers,
+ Chemical Engineering Science 61 (2006) pp 7593-7608.
+ \endverbatim
+
+ The default model coefficients correspond to the following:
+ \verbatim
+ SmagorinskyZhangCoeffs
+ {
+ Ck 0.094;
+ Ce 1.048;
+ Cmub 0.6;
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+ SmagorinskyZhang.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef SmagorinskyZhang_H
+#define SmagorinskyZhang_H
+
+#include "LESModel.H"
+#include "eddyViscosity.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace LESModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class SmagorinskyZhang Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+class SmagorinskyZhang
+:
+ public Smagorinsky<BasicTurbulenceModel>
+{
+ // Private data
+
+ mutable const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel
+ <
+ typename BasicTurbulenceModel::transportModel
+ > *gasTurbulencePtr_;
+
+
+ // Private Member Functions
+
+ //- Return the turbulence model for the gas phase
+ const PhaseIncompressibleTurbulenceModel
+ <
+ typename BasicTurbulenceModel::transportModel
+ >&
+ gasTurbulence() const;
+
+ // Disallow default bitwise copy construct and assignment
+ SmagorinskyZhang(const SmagorinskyZhang&);
+ SmagorinskyZhang& operator=(const SmagorinskyZhang&);
+
+
+protected:
+
+ // Protected data
+
+ // Model coefficients
+
+ dimensionedScalar Cmub_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ virtual void correctNut();
+
+
+public:
+
+ typedef typename BasicTurbulenceModel::alphaField alphaField;
+ typedef typename BasicTurbulenceModel::rhoField rhoField;
+ typedef typename BasicTurbulenceModel::transportModel transportModel;
+
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("SmagorinskyZhang");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from components
+ SmagorinskyZhang
+ (
+ const alphaField& alpha,
+ const rhoField& rho,
+ const volVectorField& U,
+ const surfaceScalarField& alphaPhi,
+ const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+ const transportModel& transport,
+ const word& propertiesName = turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+ const word& type = typeName
+ );
+
+
+ //- Destructor
+ virtual ~SmagorinskyZhang()
+ {}
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Read model coefficients if they have changed
+ virtual bool read();
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace LESModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+# include "SmagorinskyZhang.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/continuousGasKEqn/continuousGasKEqn.C b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/continuousGasKEqn/continuousGasKEqn.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e3a3b2f58d60f04972d0086bd625ca1ff67abd59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/continuousGasKEqn/continuousGasKEqn.C
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "continuousGasKEqn.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace LESModels
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+continuousGasKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::continuousGasKEqn
+(
+ const alphaField& alpha,
+ const rhoField& rho,
+ const volVectorField& U,
+ const surfaceScalarField& alphaPhi,
+ const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+ const transportModel& transport,
+ const word& propertiesName,
+ const word& type
+)
+:
+ kEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>
+ (
+ alpha,
+ rho,
+ U,
+ alphaPhi,
+ phi,
+ transport,
+ propertiesName,
+ type
+ ),
+
+ liquidTurbulencePtr_(NULL),
+
+ alphaInversion_
+ (
+ dimensioned<scalar>::lookupOrAddToDict
+ (
+ "alphaInversion",
+ this->coeffDict_,
+ 0.7
+ )
+ )
+{
+ if (type == typeName)
+ {
+ kEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::correctNut();
+ this->printCoeffs(type);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+bool continuousGasKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::read()
+{
+ if (kEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::read())
+ {
+ alphaInversion_.readIfPresent(this->coeffDict());
+
+ return true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return false;
+ }
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+const turbulenceModel&
+continuousGasKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::liquidTurbulence() const
+{
+ if (!liquidTurbulencePtr_)
+ {
+ const volVectorField& U = this->U_;
+
+ const transportModel& gas = this->transport();
+ const twoPhaseSystem& fluid = gas.fluid();
+ const transportModel& liquid = fluid.otherPhase(gas);
+
+ liquidTurbulencePtr_ =
+ &U.db().lookupObject<turbulenceModel>
+ (
+ IOobject::groupName
+ (
+ turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+ liquid.name()
+ )
+ );
+ }
+
+ return *liquidTurbulencePtr_;
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+tmp<volScalarField>
+continuousGasKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::phaseTransferCoeff() const
+{
+ const volVectorField& U = this->U_;
+ const alphaField& alpha = this->alpha_;
+ const rhoField& rho = this->rho_;
+
+ const turbulenceModel& liquidTurbulence = this->liquidTurbulence();
+
+ return
+ (
+ max(alphaInversion_ - alpha, 0.0)
+ *rho
+ *min
+ (
+ this->Ce_*sqrt(liquidTurbulence.k())/this->delta(),
+ 1.0/U.time().deltaT()
+ )
+ );
+}
+
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+tmp<fvScalarMatrix>
+continuousGasKEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>::kSource() const
+{
+ const turbulenceModel& liquidTurbulence = this->liquidTurbulence();
+ const volScalarField phaseTransferCoeff(this->phaseTransferCoeff());
+
+ return
+ phaseTransferCoeff*liquidTurbulence.k()
+ - fvm::Sp(phaseTransferCoeff, this->k_);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace LESModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/continuousGasKEqn/continuousGasKEqn.H b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/continuousGasKEqn/continuousGasKEqn.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25a7d044ef6dcec968a625f07fbf3ff2129a5b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/TurbulenceModels/phaseIncompressible/LES/continuousGasKEqn/continuousGasKEqn.H
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::LESModels::continuousGasKEqn
+
+Group
+ grpLESTurbulence
+
+Description
+ One-equation SGS model for the gas-phase in a two-phase system
+ supporting phase-inversion.
+
+ In the limit that the gas-phase fraction approaches zero a contribution from
+ the other phase is blended into the k-equation up to the phase-fraction of
+ alphaInversion at which point phase-inversion is considered to have occurred
+ and the model reverts to the pure single-phase form.
+
+ This model is unpublished and is provided as a stable numerical framework
+ on which a more physical model may be built.
+
+ The default model coefficients correspond to the following:
+ \verbatim
+ continuousKEqnCoeffs
+ {
+ Ck 0.094;
+ Ce 1.048;
+ alphaInversion 0.7;
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+ continuousGasKEqn.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef continuousGasKEqn_H
+#define continuousGasKEqn_H
+
+#include "kEqn.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace LESModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class continuousGasKEqn Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class BasicTurbulenceModel>
+class continuousGasKEqn
+:
+ public kEqn<BasicTurbulenceModel>
+{
+ // Private data
+
+ mutable const turbulenceModel *liquidTurbulencePtr_;
+
+
+ // Private Member Functions
+
+ // Disallow default bitwise copy construct and assignment
+ continuousGasKEqn(const continuousGasKEqn&);
+ continuousGasKEqn& operator=(const continuousGasKEqn&);
+
+
+protected:
+
+ // Protected data
+
+ // Model coefficients
+
+ dimensionedScalar alphaInversion_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Return the turbulence model for the liquid phase
+ const turbulenceModel& liquidTurbulence() const;
+
+ tmp<volScalarField> phaseTransferCoeff() const;
+ virtual tmp<fvScalarMatrix> kSource() const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ typedef typename BasicTurbulenceModel::alphaField alphaField;
+ typedef typename BasicTurbulenceModel::rhoField rhoField;
+ typedef typename BasicTurbulenceModel::transportModel transportModel;
+
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("continuousGasKEqn");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from components
+ continuousGasKEqn
+ (
+ const alphaField& alpha,
+ const rhoField& rho,
+ const volVectorField& U,
+ const surfaceScalarField& alphaPhi,
+ const surfaceScalarField& phi,
+ const transportModel& transport,
+ const word& propertiesName = turbulenceModel::propertiesName,
+ const word& type = typeName
+ );
+
+
+ //- Destructor
+ virtual ~continuousGasKEqn()
+ {}
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Read model coefficients if they have changed
+ virtual bool read();
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace LESModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+# include "continuousGasKEqn.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //