From 8cabc8b543808ad9230e5a0bbe617ac1a19410e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: andy <a.heather@opencfd.co.uk>
Date: Tue, 19 Oct 2010 11:06:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] ENH: Added particle non-sphere drag model
---
.../parcels/include/makeParcelDragModels.H | 2 +
.../Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.C | 20 ++-
.../Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.H | 12 +-
.../Kinematic/DragModel/NoDrag/NoDrag.C | 2 +-
.../DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.C | 84 +++++++++++
.../DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.H | 142 ++++++++++++++++++
.../DragModel/SphereDrag/SphereDrag.C | 4 +-
7 files changed, 261 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.C
create mode 100644 src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.H
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/parcels/include/makeParcelDragModels.H b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/parcels/include/makeParcelDragModels.H
index a4c5e5f0981..d849b7833e8 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/parcels/include/makeParcelDragModels.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/parcels/include/makeParcelDragModels.H
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ License
#include "KinematicCloud.H"
#include "NoDrag.H"
+#include "NonSphereDrag.H"
#include "SphereDrag.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ License
makeDragModel(KinematicCloud<ParcelType>); \
\
makeDragModelType(NoDrag, KinematicCloud, ParcelType); \
+ makeDragModelType(NonSphereDrag, KinematicCloud, ParcelType); \
makeDragModelType(SphereDrag, KinematicCloud, ParcelType);
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.C b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.C
index 28e0cef24c4..7bfc75ea28f 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.C
@@ -27,14 +27,25 @@ License
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::DragModel<CloudType>::DragModel(CloudType& owner)
+:
+ dict_(dictionary::null),
+ coeffDict_(dictionary::null),
+ owner_(owner)
+{}
+
+
template<class CloudType>
Foam::DragModel<CloudType>::DragModel
(
const dictionary& dict,
- CloudType& owner
+ CloudType& owner,
+ const word& type
)
:
dict_(dict),
+ coeffDict_(dict.subDict(type + "Coeffs")),
owner_(owner)
{}
@@ -62,6 +73,13 @@ const Foam::dictionary& Foam::DragModel<CloudType>::dict() const
}
+template<class CloudType>
+const Foam::dictionary& Foam::DragModel<CloudType>::coeffDict() const
+{
+ return coeffDict_;
+}
+
+
template<class CloudType>
Foam::scalar Foam::DragModel<CloudType>::utc
(
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.H b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.H
index e60126e1d06..e4fa349f8dc 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/DragModel/DragModel.H
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ class DragModel
//- The cloud dictionary
const dictionary& dict_;
+ //- The model coefficients dictionary
+ const dictionary& coeffDict_;
+
//- Reference to the owner cloud class
CloudType& owner_;
@@ -82,11 +85,15 @@ public:
// Constructors
+ //- Construct null from owner
+ DragModel(CloudType& owner);
+
//- Construct from components
DragModel
(
const dictionary& dict,
- CloudType& owner
+ CloudType& owner,
+ const word& type
);
@@ -110,6 +117,9 @@ public:
//- Return the dictionary
const dictionary& dict() const;
+ //- Return the coefficients dictionary
+ const dictionary& coeffDict() const;
+
// Member Functions
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NoDrag/NoDrag.C b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NoDrag/NoDrag.C
index d76a5bb8c36..584abfbac22 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NoDrag/NoDrag.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NoDrag/NoDrag.C
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ License
template <class CloudType>
Foam::NoDrag<CloudType>::NoDrag(const dictionary& dict, CloudType& owner)
:
- DragModel<CloudType>(dict, owner)
+ DragModel<CloudType>(owner)
{}
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.C b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a106e307a3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.C
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2010-2010 OpenCFD Ltd.
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
+ option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "NonSphereDrag.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::NonSphereDrag<CloudType>::NonSphereDrag
+(
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ CloudType& owner
+)
+:
+ DragModel<CloudType>(dict, owner, typeName),
+ phi_(readScalar(this->coeffDict().lookup("phi"))),
+ a_(exp(2.3288 - 6.4581*phi_ + 2.4486*sqr(phi_))),
+ b_(0.0964 + 0.5565*phi_),
+ c_(exp(4.9050 - 13.8944*phi_ + 18.4222*sqr(phi_) - 10.2599*pow3(phi_))),
+ d_(exp(1.4681 + 12.2584*phi_ - 20.7322*sqr(phi_) + 15.8855*pow3(phi_)))
+{
+ if (phi_ <= 0 || phi_ > 1)
+ {
+ FatalErrorIn
+ (
+ "NonSphereDrag<CloudType>::NonSphereDrag"
+ "("
+ "const dictionary&, "
+ "CloudType&"
+ ")"
+ ) << "Ratio of surface of sphere having same volume as particle to "
+ << "actual surface area of particle (phi) must be greater than 0 "
+ << "and less than or equal to 1" << exit(FatalError);
+ }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::NonSphereDrag<CloudType>::~NonSphereDrag()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+bool Foam::NonSphereDrag<CloudType>::active() const
+{
+ return true;
+}
+
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::scalar Foam::NonSphereDrag<CloudType>::Cd(const scalar Re) const
+{
+ return 24.0/(Re + ROOTVSMALL)*(1.0 + a_*pow(Re, b_)) + Re*c_/(Re + d_);
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.H b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.H
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..095805d5e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/NonSphereDrag/NonSphereDrag.H
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2010-2010 OpenCFD Ltd.
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
+ option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+
+Class
+ Foam::NonSphereDrag
+
+Description
+ Drag model for non-spherical particles.
+
+ Takes the form of
+
+ 24.0/Re*(1.0 + a_*pow(Re, b_)) + Re*c_/(Re + d_);
+
+ Where a(phi), b(phi), c(phi) and d(phi) are model coefficients, with phi
+ defined as:
+
+ area of sphere with same volume as particle
+ phi = -------------------------------------------
+ actual particle area
+
+ Equation used is Eqn (11) of reference below - good to within 2 to 4 % of
+ RMS values from experiment.
+
+ H and L also give a simplified model with greater error compared to
+ results from experiment - Eqn 12 - but since phi is presumed
+ constant, it offers little benefit.
+
+ Reference:
+ @verbatim
+ "Drag coefficient and terminal velocity of spherical and nonspherical
+ particles"
+ A. Haider and O. Levenspiel,
+ Powder Technology
+ Volume 58, Issue 1, May 1989, Pages 63-70
+ @endverbatim
+
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef NonSphereDrag_H
+#define NonSphereDrag_H
+
+#include "DragModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class NonSphereDrag Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class CloudType>
+class NonSphereDrag
+:
+ public DragModel<CloudType>
+{
+protected:
+
+ // Protected Data
+
+ //- Flag to indicate `Simple model'
+ bool simpleModel_;
+
+ //- Ratio of surface of sphere having same volume as particle to
+ // actual surface area of particle (0 < phi <= 1)
+ scalar phi_;
+
+
+ // Model coefficients
+
+ scalar a_;
+
+ scalar b_;
+
+ scalar c_;
+
+ scalar d_;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("NonSphereDrag");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from dictionary
+ NonSphereDrag(const dictionary& dict, CloudType& owner);
+
+
+ //- Destructor
+ virtual ~NonSphereDrag();
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Flag to indicate whether model activates drag model
+ bool active() const;
+
+ //- Return drag coefficient
+ scalar Cd(const scalar Re) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+# include "NonSphereDrag.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/SphereDrag/SphereDrag.C b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/SphereDrag/SphereDrag.C
index fafc2e3cb74..ba4253bfc95 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/SphereDrag/SphereDrag.C
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Kinematic/DragModel/SphereDrag/SphereDrag.C
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ License
template <class CloudType>
Foam::SphereDrag<CloudType>::SphereDrag
(
- const dictionary& dict,
+ const dictionary&,
CloudType& owner
)
:
- DragModel<CloudType>(dict, owner)
+ DragModel<CloudType>(owner)
{}
--
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