diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/parcels/include/makeReactingParcelPhaseChangeModels.H b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/parcels/include/makeReactingParcelPhaseChangeModels.H
index 0885ed63f61ebbfa871476372232fb7c07eb45e5..47d4899e9d83515cd8e7d228c1029c59d4a9ffcf 100644
--- a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/parcels/include/makeReactingParcelPhaseChangeModels.H
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/parcels/include/makeReactingParcelPhaseChangeModels.H
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ License
#include "NoPhaseChange.H"
#include "LiquidEvaporation.H"
+#include "LiquidEvaporationBoil.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
@@ -37,7 +38,8 @@ License
\
makePhaseChangeModel(CloudType); \
makePhaseChangeModelType(NoPhaseChange, CloudType); \
- makePhaseChangeModelType(LiquidEvaporation, CloudType);
+ makePhaseChangeModelType(LiquidEvaporation, CloudType); \
+ makePhaseChangeModelType(LiquidEvaporationBoil, CloudType);
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Reacting/PhaseChangeModel/LiquidEvaporationBoil/LiquidEvaporationBoil.C b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Reacting/PhaseChangeModel/LiquidEvaporationBoil/LiquidEvaporationBoil.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b77fb348ee03fee11b6012d01dadd0b1c7fe258f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Reacting/PhaseChangeModel/LiquidEvaporationBoil/LiquidEvaporationBoil.C
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "LiquidEvaporationBoil.H"
+#include "specie.H"
+#include "mathematicalConstants.H"
+
+using namespace Foam::constant::mathematical;
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * Private Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::tmp<Foam::scalarField> Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::calcXc
+(
+ const label cellI
+) const
+{
+ scalarField Xc(this->owner().thermo().carrier().Y().size());
+
+ forAll(Xc, i)
+ {
+ Xc[i] =
+ this->owner().thermo().carrier().Y()[i][cellI]
+ /this->owner().thermo().carrier().W(i);
+ }
+
+ return Xc/sum(Xc);
+}
+
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::scalar Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::Sh
+(
+ const scalar Re,
+ const scalar Sc
+) const
+{
+ return 2.0 + 0.6*Foam::sqrt(Re)*cbrt(Sc);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::LiquidEvaporationBoil
+(
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ CloudType& owner
+)
+:
+ PhaseChangeModel<CloudType>(dict, owner, typeName),
+ liquids_(owner.thermo().liquids()),
+ activeLiquids_(this->coeffDict().lookup("activeLiquids")),
+ liqToCarrierMap_(activeLiquids_.size(), -1),
+ liqToLiqMap_(activeLiquids_.size(), -1)
+{
+ if (activeLiquids_.size() == 0)
+ {
+ WarningIn
+ (
+ "Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::LiquidEvaporationBoil"
+ "("
+ "const dictionary& dict, "
+ "CloudType& owner"
+ ")"
+ ) << "Evaporation model selected, but no active liquids defined"
+ << nl << endl;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ Info<< "Participating liquid species:" << endl;
+
+ // Determine mapping between liquid and carrier phase species
+ forAll(activeLiquids_, i)
+ {
+ Info<< " " << activeLiquids_[i] << endl;
+ liqToCarrierMap_[i] =
+ owner.composition().globalCarrierId(activeLiquids_[i]);
+ }
+
+ // Determine mapping between model active liquids and global liquids
+ const label idLiquid = owner.composition().idLiquid();
+ forAll(activeLiquids_, i)
+ {
+ liqToLiqMap_[i] =
+ owner.composition().localId(idLiquid, activeLiquids_[i]);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::LiquidEvaporationBoil
+(
+ const LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>& pcm
+)
+:
+ PhaseChangeModel<CloudType>(pcm),
+ liquids_(pcm.owner().thermo().liquids()),
+ activeLiquids_(pcm.activeLiquids_),
+ liqToCarrierMap_(pcm.liqToCarrierMap_),
+ liqToLiqMap_(pcm.liqToLiqMap_)
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::~LiquidEvaporationBoil()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+template<class CloudType>
+void Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::calculate
+(
+ const scalar dt,
+ const label cellI,
+ const scalar Re,
+ const scalar Pr,
+ const scalar d,
+ const scalar nu,
+ const scalar T,
+ const scalar Ts,
+ const scalar pc,
+ const scalar Tc,
+ const scalarField& Yl,
+ scalarField& dMassPC
+) const
+{
+ // construct carrier phase species volume fractions for cell, cellI
+ const scalarField XcMix(calcXc(cellI));
+
+ // liquid volume fraction
+ const scalarField X(liquids_.X(Yl));
+
+ // droplet surface pressure
+ scalar ps = liquids_.pv(pc, T, X);
+
+ // vapour density at droplet surface [kg/m3]
+ scalar rhos = ps*liquids_.W(X)/(specie::RR*Ts);
+
+ // thermal conductivity of carrier [W/m/K]
+ scalar kappac = 0.0;
+ forAll(this->owner().thermo().carrier().Y(), i)
+ {
+ const scalar Yc = this->owner().thermo().carrier().Y()[i][cellI];
+ kappac += Yc*this->owner().thermo().carrier().kappa(i, Ts);
+ }
+
+ // calculate mass transfer of each specie in liquid
+ forAll(activeLiquids_, i)
+ {
+ const label gid = liqToCarrierMap_[i];
+ const label lid = liqToLiqMap_[i];
+
+ // boiling temperature at cell pressure for liquid species lid [K]
+ const scalar TBoil = liquids_.properties()[lid].pvInvert(pc);
+
+ // limit droplet temperature to boiling/critical temperature
+ const scalar Td = min(T, 0.999*TBoil);
+
+ // saturation pressure for liquid species lid [Pa]
+ const scalar pSat = liquids_.properties()[lid].pv(pc, Td);
+
+ // carrier phase concentration
+ scalar Xc = XcMix[gid];
+
+ if (Xc*pc > pSat)
+ {
+ // saturated vapour - no phase change
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (pSat > 0.999*pc)
+ {
+ // boiling
+
+// const scalar deltaT = max(Tc - Td, 0.5);
+ const scalar deltaT = max(Tc - T, 0.5);
+
+ // liquid specific heat capacity
+ const scalar Cp = liquids_.properties()[lid].Cp(pc, Td);
+
+ // vapour heat of fomation
+ const scalar hv = liquids_.properties()[lid].hl(pc, Td);
+
+ // Nusselt number
+ const scalar Nu = 2.0 + 0.6*sqrt(Re)*cbrt(Pr);
+
+ const scalar lg = log(1.0 + Cp*deltaT/max(SMALL, hv));
+
+ // mass transfer [kg]
+ dMassPC[lid] += pi*kappac*Nu*lg*d/Cp*dt;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // evaporation
+
+ // surface molar fraction - Raoult's Law
+ scalar Xs = X[lid]*pSat/pc;
+
+ // molar ratio
+ const scalar Xr = (Xs - Xc)/max(SMALL, 1.0 - Xs);
+
+
+ if (Xr > 0)
+ {
+ // vapour diffusivity [m2/s]
+ const scalar Dab = liquids_.properties()[lid].D(pc, Td);
+
+ // Schmidt number
+ const scalar Sc = nu/(Dab + ROOTVSMALL);
+
+ // Sherwood number
+ const scalar Sh = this->Sh(Re, Sc);
+
+ // mass transfer coefficient [m/s]
+ const scalar kc = Sh*Dab/(d + ROOTVSMALL);
+
+ // mass transfer [kg]
+ dMassPC[lid] += pi*sqr(d)*kc*rhos*log(1.0 + Xr)*dt;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+template<class CloudType>
+Foam::scalar Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::dh
+(
+ const label idc,
+ const label idl,
+ const label p,
+ const label T
+) const
+{
+ scalar dh = 0;
+
+ typedef PhaseChangeModel<CloudType> parent;
+ switch (parent::enthalpyTransfer_)
+ {
+ case (parent::etLatentHeat):
+ {
+ dh = liquids_.properties()[idl].hl(p, T);
+ break;
+ }
+ case (parent::etEnthalpyDifference):
+ {
+ scalar hc = this->owner().composition().carrier().H(idc, T);
+ scalar hp = liquids_.properties()[idl].h(p, T);
+
+ dh = hc - hp;
+ break;
+ }
+ default:
+ {
+ FatalErrorIn
+ (
+ "Foam::scalar Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>::dh"
+ "("
+ "const label, "
+ "const label, "
+ "const label, "
+ "const label"
+ ")"
+ ) << "Unknown enthalpyTransfer type" << abort(FatalError);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return dh;
+}
+
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Reacting/PhaseChangeModel/LiquidEvaporationBoil/LiquidEvaporationBoil.H b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Reacting/PhaseChangeModel/LiquidEvaporationBoil/LiquidEvaporationBoil.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f16ea47be91521cc2e3b108e4aa7293884096b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lagrangian/intermediate/submodels/Reacting/PhaseChangeModel/LiquidEvaporationBoil/LiquidEvaporationBoil.H
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2011 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::LiquidEvaporationBoil
+
+Description
+ Liquid evaporation model
+ - uses ideal gas assumption
+ - includes boiling model
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef LiquidEvaporationBoil_H
+#define LiquidEvaporationBoil_H
+
+#include "PhaseChangeModel.H"
+#include "liquidMixtureProperties.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class LiquidEvaporationBoil Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class CloudType>
+class LiquidEvaporationBoil
+:
+ public PhaseChangeModel<CloudType>
+{
+protected:
+
+ // Protected data
+
+ //- Global liquid properties data
+ const liquidMixtureProperties& liquids_;
+
+ //- List of active liquid names
+ List<word> activeLiquids_;
+
+ //- Mapping between liquid and carrier species
+ List<label> liqToCarrierMap_;
+
+ //- Mapping between local and global liquid species
+ List<label> liqToLiqMap_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Sherwood number as a function of Reynolds and Schmidt numbers
+ scalar Sh(const scalar Re, const scalar Sc) const;
+
+ //- Calculate the carrier phase component volume fractions at cellI
+ tmp<scalarField> calcXc(const label cellI) const;
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("liquidEvaporationBoil");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from dictionary
+ LiquidEvaporationBoil(const dictionary& dict, CloudType& cloud);
+
+ //- Construct copy
+ LiquidEvaporationBoil(const LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>& pcm);
+
+ //- Construct and return a clone
+ virtual autoPtr<PhaseChangeModel<CloudType> > clone() const
+ {
+ return autoPtr<PhaseChangeModel<CloudType> >
+ (
+ new LiquidEvaporationBoil<CloudType>(*this)
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ //- Destructor
+ virtual ~LiquidEvaporationBoil();
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ //- Update model
+ virtual void calculate
+ (
+ const scalar dt,
+ const label cellI,
+ const scalar Re,
+ const scalar Pr,
+ const scalar d,
+ const scalar nu,
+ const scalar T,
+ const scalar Ts,
+ const scalar pc,
+ const scalar Tc,
+ const scalarField& Yl,
+ scalarField& dMassPC
+ ) const;
+
+ //- Return the enthalpy per unit mass
+ virtual scalar dh
+ (
+ const label idc,
+ const label idl,
+ const label p,
+ const label T
+ ) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#ifdef NoRepository
+# include "LiquidEvaporationBoil.C"
+#endif
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //