diff --git a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/Make/files b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/Make/files
index 859d6de6120735fb8bb3674484ed0d003cec1500..5d28eb443b3bd7ed3ba8f745dc0d0e7f60f7d5ad 100644
--- a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/Make/files
+++ b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/Make/files
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ $(KINEMATICMODELS)/injectionModel/drippingInjection/drippingInjection.C
$(KINEMATICMODELS)/injectionModel/removeInjection/removeInjection.C
$(KINEMATICMODELS)/injectionModel/curvatureSeparation/curvatureSeparation.C
-$(KINEMATICMODELS)/filmThermoModel/constantFilmThermo/constantFilmThermo.C
$(KINEMATICMODELS)/filmThermoModel/filmThermoModel/filmThermoModel.C
+$(KINEMATICMODELS)/filmThermoModel/filmThermoModel/filmThermoModelNew.C
+$(KINEMATICMODELS)/filmThermoModel/constantFilmThermo/constantFilmThermo.C
$(KINEMATICMODELS)/filmThermoModel/liquidFilmThermo/liquidFilmThermo.C
$(KINEMATICMODELS)/filmTurbulenceModel/filmTurbulenceModel/filmTurbulenceModel.C
@@ -50,6 +51,12 @@ $(THERMOMODELS)/filmRadiationModel/constantRadiation/constantRadiation.C
$(THERMOMODELS)/filmRadiationModel/primaryRadiation/primaryRadiation.C
$(THERMOMODELS)/filmRadiationModel/standardRadiation/standardRadiation.C
+$(THERMOMODELS)/filmViscosityModel/filmViscosityModel/filmViscosityModel.C
+$(THERMOMODELS)/filmViscosityModel/filmViscosityModel/filmViscosityModelNew.C
+$(THERMOMODELS)/filmViscosityModel/constantViscosity/constantViscosity.C
+$(THERMOMODELS)/filmViscosityModel/liquidViscosity/liquidViscosity.C
+$(THERMOMODELS)/filmViscosityModel/thixotropicViscosity/thixotropicViscosity.C
+
/* Boundary conditions */
PATCHFIELDS=derivedFvPatchFields
diff --git a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayer.C b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayer.C
index 02dce3f2686378ea3469dbf68eff824964a30561..107229320540b255cf5e7b2381379ff27060261a 100644
--- a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayer.C
+++ b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayer.C
@@ -438,6 +438,8 @@ kinematicSingleLayer::kinematicSingleLayer
cumulativeContErr_(0.0),
+ deltaSmall_("deltaSmall", dimLength, SMALL),
+
rho_
(
IOobject
diff --git a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayer.H b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayer.H
index 8e932511b596ad80c58d075dfb53d06453b98dff..85deaa8b4871970d3a8e0d20e872eba4fca5faa5 100644
--- a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayer.H
+++ b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayer.H
@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ protected:
//- Cumulative continuity error
scalar cumulativeContErr_;
+ //- Small delta
+ const dimensionedScalar deltaSmall_;
+
// Thermo properties
@@ -324,6 +327,9 @@ public:
//- Return the number of non-orthogonal correctors
inline label nNonOrthCorr() const;
+ //- Return small delta
+ inline const dimensionedScalar& deltaSmall() const;
+
// Thermo properties
diff --git a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayerI.H b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayerI.H
index 65f8ed4dc4a99fa459535de7afa23cd16333c514..de9965b8e1ef375dbff884347b667a12a2a7721d 100644
--- a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayerI.H
+++ b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/kinematicSingleLayer/kinematicSingleLayerI.H
@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ inline label kinematicSingleLayer::nNonOrthCorr() const
}
+inline const dimensionedScalar& kinematicSingleLayer::deltaSmall() const
+{
+ return deltaSmall_;
+}
+
+
inline const volScalarField& kinematicSingleLayer::mu() const
{
return mu_;
diff --git a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/thermo/filmViscosityModel/thixotropicViscosity/thixotropicViscosity.C b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/thermo/filmViscosityModel/thixotropicViscosity/thixotropicViscosity.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fd2eb7777741f08f321aede555ed40ddb7ef753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/thermo/filmViscosityModel/thixotropicViscosity/thixotropicViscosity.C
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "thixotropicViscosity.H"
+#include "kinematicSingleLayer.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+
+#include "fvmDdt.H"
+#include "fvmDiv.H"
+#include "fvcDiv.H"
+#include "fvmSup.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace regionModels
+{
+namespace surfaceFilmModels
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+defineTypeNameAndDebug(thixotropicViscosity, 0);
+
+addToRunTimeSelectionTable
+(
+ filmViscosityModel,
+ thixotropicViscosity,
+ dictionary
+);
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void thixotropicViscosity::updateMu()
+{
+ const kinematicSingleLayer& film = filmType<kinematicSingleLayer>();
+
+ // blend based on mass fraction of added- to existing film mass
+ const dimensionedScalar m0("zero", dimMass, 0.0);
+ const dimensionedScalar mSMALL("SMALL", dimMass, ROOTVSMALL);
+ const volScalarField deltaMass("deltaMass", max(m0, film.deltaMass()));
+ const volScalarField filmMass("filmMass", film.netMass() + mSMALL);
+
+ // weighting field to blend new and existing mass contributions
+ const volScalarField w("w", max(0.0, min(1.0, deltaMass/filmMass)));
+
+ // evaluate thixotropic viscosity
+ volScalarField muThx("muThx", muInf_/(sqr(1.0 - K_*lambda_) + ROOTVSMALL));
+
+ // set new viscosity based on weight field
+ mu_ = w*muInf_ + (1.0 - w)*muThx;
+ mu_.correctBoundaryConditions();
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+thixotropicViscosity::thixotropicViscosity
+(
+ const surfaceFilmModel& owner,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ volScalarField& mu
+)
+:
+ filmViscosityModel(typeName, owner, dict, mu),
+ a_(coeffs().lookup("a")),
+ b_(coeffs().lookup("b")),
+ c_(coeffs().lookup("c")),
+ d_(coeffs().lookup("d")),
+ mu0_(coeffs().lookup("mu0")),
+ muInf_(coeffs().lookup("muInf")),
+ K_(1.0 - Foam::sqrt(muInf_/mu0_)),
+ lambda_
+ (
+ IOobject
+ (
+ typeName + ":lambda",
+ owner.regionMesh().time().timeName(),
+ owner.regionMesh(),
+ IOobject::MUST_READ_IF_MODIFIED,
+ IOobject::AUTO_WRITE
+ ),
+ owner.regionMesh()
+ )
+{
+ lambda_.min(1.0);
+ lambda_.max(0.0);
+
+ // initialise viscosity to inf value
+ // - cannot call updateMu() since this calls film.netMass() which
+ // cannot be evaluated yet (still in construction)
+ mu_ = muInf_;
+ mu_.correctBoundaryConditions();
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+thixotropicViscosity::~thixotropicViscosity()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+void thixotropicViscosity::correct
+(
+ const volScalarField& p,
+ const volScalarField& T
+)
+{
+ const kinematicSingleLayer& film = filmType<kinematicSingleLayer>();
+
+ // references to film fields
+ const volVectorField& U = film.U();
+ const volVectorField& Uw = film.Uw();
+ const volScalarField& delta = film.delta();
+ const volScalarField& deltaRho = film.deltaRho();
+ const surfaceScalarField& phi = film.phi();
+
+ // gamma-dot (shear rate) raised to the power d
+ volScalarField gDotPowD
+ (
+ "gDotPowD",
+ pow(mag(U - Uw)/(delta + film.deltaSmall()), d_)
+ );
+
+ dimensionedScalar c0("SMALL", dimMass/sqr(dimLength)/dimTime, SMALL);
+ volScalarField coeff(-deltaRho*c_*gDotPowD + c0);
+
+ fvScalarMatrix lambdaEqn
+ (
+ fvm::ddt(deltaRho, lambda_)
+ + fvm::div(phi, lambda_)
+ - fvm::Sp(fvc::div(phi), lambda_)
+ ==
+ deltaRho*a_*pow((1.0 - lambda_), b_)
+ + fvm::SuSp(coeff, lambda_)
+ );
+
+ lambdaEqn.relax();
+
+ lambdaEqn.solve();
+
+ lambda_.min(1.0);
+ lambda_.max(0.0);
+
+ updateMu();
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace surfaceFilmModels
+} // End namespace regionModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/thermo/filmViscosityModel/thixotropicViscosity/thixotropicViscosity.H b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/thermo/filmViscosityModel/thixotropicViscosity/thixotropicViscosity.H
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3cdd3235e6c421d38b8ec21f4ade95761fc4e33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/regionModels/surfaceFilmModels/submodels/thermo/filmViscosityModel/thixotropicViscosity/thixotropicViscosity.H
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ ========= |
+ \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+ \\ / O peration |
+ \\ / A nd | Copyright (C) 2013 OpenFOAM Foundation
+ \\/ M anipulation |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+ This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+ OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+ Foam::thixotropicViscosity
+
+Description
+ Thixotropic viscosity model based on the evolution of the structural
+ parameter \f$ \lambda \f$:
+
+ \f[
+ \lambda = a(1 - \lambda)^b - c \lambda \dot{\gamma}^d
+ \f]
+
+ The viscosity is then calculated using the expression
+
+ \f[
+ \mu = \frac{\mu_{inf}}{{1 - K \lambda}^2}
+ \f]
+
+ Where the parameter K is given by:
+
+ \f[
+ K = 1 - \frac{\mu_{\inf}}{\mu_{0}}^0.5
+ \f]
+
+ Here:
+ \vartable
+ \lambda | structural parameter
+ a | model coefficient
+ b | model coefficient
+ c | model coefficient
+ d | model coefficient
+ \dot{\gamma} | stress rate [1/s]
+ \mu_{0} | limiting viscosity when \f$ \lambda = 1 \f$
+ \mu_{\inf} | limiting viscosity when \f$ \lambda = 0 \f$
+ \endvartable
+
+
+ Reference:
+ \verbatim
+ Barnes H A, 1997. Thixotropy - a review. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid
+ Mech 70, pp 1-33
+ \endverbatim
+
+SourceFiles
+ thixotropicViscosity.C
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef thixotropicViscosity_H
+#define thixotropicViscosity_H
+
+#include "filmViscosityModel.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace regionModels
+{
+namespace surfaceFilmModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+ Class thixotropicViscosity Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class thixotropicViscosity
+:
+ public filmViscosityModel
+{
+private:
+
+ // Private member functions
+
+ //- Disallow default bitwise copy construct
+ thixotropicViscosity(const thixotropicViscosity&);
+
+ //- Disallow default bitwise assignment
+ void operator=(const thixotropicViscosity&);
+
+
+protected:
+
+ // Protected data
+
+/*
+ //- Model `a' coefficient
+ scalar a_;
+
+ //- Model `b' coefficient
+ scalar b_;
+
+ //- Model `c' coefficient
+ scalar c_;
+
+ //- Model `d' coefficient
+ scalar d_;
+
+ //- Limiting viscosity when lambda = 1
+ scalar mu0_;
+
+ //- Limiting viscosity when lambda = 0
+ scalar muInf_;
+*/
+
+ //- Model `a' coefficient
+ dimensionedScalar a_;
+
+ //- Model `b' coefficient
+ dimensionedScalar b_;
+
+ //- Model `c' coefficient
+ dimensionedScalar c_;
+
+ //- Model `d' coefficient
+ dimensionedScalar d_;
+
+ //- Limiting viscosity when lambda = 1
+ dimensionedScalar mu0_;
+
+ //- Limiting viscosity when lambda = 0
+ dimensionedScalar muInf_;
+
+ //- Model coeffiicient
+ dimensionedScalar K_;
+
+ //- Structural parameter
+ // 0 = freestream value (most liquid)
+ // 1 = fully built (most solid)
+ volScalarField lambda_;
+
+
+ // Protected Member Functions
+
+ //- Update the viscosity
+ void updateMu();
+
+
+public:
+
+ //- Runtime type information
+ TypeName("thixotropic");
+
+
+ // Constructors
+
+ //- Construct from surface film model
+ thixotropicViscosity
+ (
+ const surfaceFilmModel& owner,
+ const dictionary& dict,
+ volScalarField& mu
+ );
+
+
+ //- Destructor
+ virtual ~thixotropicViscosity();
+
+
+ // Member Functions
+
+ // Evolution
+
+ //- Correct
+ virtual void correct
+ (
+ const volScalarField& p,
+ const volScalarField& T
+ );
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace surfaceFilmModels
+} // End namespace regionModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //