- also drop various unused time options from src/OpenFOAM/include

Oriented somewhat on dictionary methods.

Return the argument string associated with the named option:
    Info<< "-foo: " << args.option("foo") << nl;

Return true if the named option is found
    if (args.optionFound("foo")) ...

Return an IStringStream to the named option
    old:      value = readScalar(IStringStream(args.options()["foo"])());
    newer:    value = readScalar(args.optionLookup("foo")());
    also:     List<scalar> lst(args.optionLookup("foo")());

Read a value from the named option
    newest:   value = args.optionRead<scalar>("foo");

Read a value from the named option if present.
    old:  if (args.options().found("foo"))
          {
              value = readScalar(IStringStream(args.options()["foo"])());
          }
    new:  args.optionReadIfPresent("foo", value);

Read a List of values from the named option
    patches = args.optionReadList<word>("patches");

Didn't bother adding optionReadListIfPresent<T>(const word&), since it
probably wouldn't be common anyhow.

- made const_iterator::operator* and const_iterator::operator() const only
- added const versions of iterator::operator* and iterator::operator()

- Read a bracket-delimited list, or handle a single value as list of size 1.
  Mostly useful for handling command-line arguments.
  eg,
      if (args.options().found("patches"))
      {
          patches = readList<word>(IStringStream(args.options()["patches"])());
      }
  can handle both of these:
      -patches  patch0
      -patches \( patch1 patch2 patch3 \)

- change name of environment variable from $WM_OS -> $WM_OSTYPE
  as a better description

- added constructor dictionary(const dictionary*) that also handles NULL
  pointers and makes it convenient to construct from a possibly nonexistent
  sub-dictionary:
  eg,
      dictionary dict2(dict1.subDictPtr("someDict"));

- make some of the turbulence Coeffs sub-dictionary optional.
  Their contents are all 'lookupOrAddDefault' anyhow.

- in turbulentMixingLength BCs, skip namespace qualifier in template
  (eg, <RASModel> vs. <compressible::RASModel>)

- change comments from 'turbulenceProperties' to RASProperties/LESProperties

- consistency between compressible/incompressible - no separate file for
  'New' selector etc

- consistency in accessing the model coefficients.
  Use method coeffDict() for const access.
  Use protected data member coeffDict_ for read/write access.

- document model coefficients in etc/constant/RASProperties.
  Need the same for LESProperties before we can prune these from the
  tutorials.

- #inputMode error
  now issues a FatalError on duplicate entries

- #inputMode warn
  issues a warning on duplicate entries, corresponds to the
  old behaviour of 'error'

- #inputMode protect
  prevents overwriting existing entries

The 'protect' mode provides a simple mechanism for supplying default values.
eg,
    in file1:
        #inputMode  protect
        intensity       0.1;
        mixingLength    0.005;
        #inputMode  merge

        inlet
        {
            type        turbulentIntensityKineticEnergyInlet;
            intensity   $intensity;
        }

    which is included from file2:

        intensity   0.05;
        #include    "file1"

- DynamicList gets append methods as per List
- misc cosmetic changes

- PackedList comments
- solution.C verbosity about new solver syntax on master only

- partial revert for commit d21869b5
  * only add extra newlines for a top-level dictionary that is output as such

- make "#inputMode merge" the default instead of "#inputMode error"
  * this corresponds to a very common usage case

- TODO: binary output is still a bit silly