To be used instead of zeroGradientFvPatchField for temporary fields for
which zero-gradient extrapolation is use to evaluate the boundary field
but avoiding fields derived from temporary field using field algebra
inheriting the zeroGradient boundary condition by the reuse of the
temporary field storage.

zeroGradientFvPatchField should not be used as the default patch field
for any temporary fields and should be avoided for non-temporary fields
except where it is clearly appropriate;
extrapolatedCalculatedFvPatchField and calculatedFvPatchField are
generally more suitable defaults depending on the manner in which the
boundary values are specified or evaluated.

The entire OpenFOAM-dev code-base has been updated following the above
recommendations.

Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2002

Avoids problems with inherited complex BCs for which the controlling
fields and parameters are not initialized.

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2000

The boundary conditions of HbyA are now constrained by the new "constrainHbyA"
function which applies the velocity boundary values for patches for which the
velocity cannot be modified by assignment and pressure extrapolation is
not specified via the new
"fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressureFvPatchScalarField".

The new function "constrainPressure" sets the pressure gradient
appropriately for "fixedFluxPressureFvPatchScalarField" and
"fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressureFvPatchScalarField" boundary conditions to
ensure the evaluated flux corresponds to the known velocity values at
the boundary.

The "fixedFluxPressureFvPatchScalarField" boundary condition operates
exactly as before, ensuring the correct flux at fixed-flux boundaries by
compensating for the body forces (gravity in particular) with the
pressure gradient.

The new "fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressureFvPatchScalarField" boundary
condition may be used for cases with or without body-forces to set the
pressure gradient to compensate not only for the body-force but also the
extrapolated "HbyA" which provides a second-order boundary condition for
pressure.  This is useful for a range a problems including impinging
flow, extrapolated inlet conditions with body-forces or for highly
viscous flows, pressure-induced separation etc.  To test this boundary
condition at walls in the motorBike tutorial case set

    lowerWall
    {
        type            fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressure;
    }

    motorBikeGroup
    {
        type            fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressure;
    }

Currently the new extrapolated pressure boundary condition is supported
for all incompressible and sub-sonic compressible solvers except those
providing implicit and tensorial porosity support.  The approach will be
extended to cover these solvers and options in the future.

Note: the extrapolated pressure boundary condition is experimental and
requires further testing to assess the range of applicability,
stability, accuracy etc.

Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct Ltd.

Function1 is an abstract base-class of run-time selectable unary
functions which may be composed of other Function1's allowing the user
to specify complex functions of a single scalar variable, e.g. time.
The implementations need not be a simple or continuous functions;
interpolated tables and polynomials are also supported.  In fact form of
mapping between a single scalar input and a single primitive type output
is supportable.

The primary application of Function1 is in time-varying boundary
conditions, it also used for other functions of time, e.g. injected mass
is spray simulations but is not limited to functions of time.

PV4FoamReaders: Updated to build with ParaView-5.0.0
paraFoam: Updated to load PV4FoamReaders for ParaView-5.0.0

Currently this is experimental but if it becomes clear that ParaView-4
and ParaView-5 are and will remain consistent with respect to readers
the plan is to rename

PV4 -> PV

or

PV4 -> PV45 if it is assumed that PV6 may need to be different.

to avoid name conflicts with these primitive names in the OpenFOAM namespace

and pre-construct constant strings and names

Speeds-up parsing of DTAGS so that lookup of a name takes ~1s

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=982

Patch provided by Armin Wehrfritz
Resolves feature request http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=843

This change ensures that these patches are named consistently so that
they can be looked-up as required in e.g. patchMeanVelocityForce

Optional under-relaxation is provided for steady-state solution.
Added missing fvOptions.constrain and fvOptions.correct calls.

Based on patch provided by Alexey Matveichev
Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1975

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1974

Always return void to avoid various bugs associated with automatic
type conversion.

Resolves request http://openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1973

Resolves bug-report http://openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1971

The c++0x is used rather than c++11 to support gcc-4.5.?

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1967

Provides support for running laminar.

Provides support for running laminar.
Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1951

Drag model for gas-liquid system of Tomiyama et al.

Reference:
    "Drag coefficients of single bubbles under normal and microgravity
     conditions"
    Tomiyama, A., Kataoka, I., Zun, I., Sakaguchi, T.
    JSME International Series B, Fluids and Thermal Engineering,
    Vol. 41, 1998, pp. 472-479

Provided by Alberto Passalacq

reactingEulerFoam: Move LTS controls maxCo, maxDeltaT and rDeltaTSmoothingCoeff into the PIMPLE sub-dictionary
For consistency with all other solvers supporting the LTS option

It is better to declare the namespace of each function in the C file
rather than "open" the namespace as this may lead to inconsistencies
between the declaration in the H files and definition in the C file.

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1940