Replaces LTSReactingParcelFoam and LTSCoalChemistryFoam

    Select LTS via the ddtScheme:

        ddtSchemes
        {
            default         localEuler rDeltaT;
        }

Select LTS via the ddtScheme:

    ddtSchemes
    {
        default         localEuler rDeltaT;
    }

    Select LTS via the ddtScheme:

        ddtSchemes
        {
            default         localEuler rDeltaT;
        }

See tutorials/compressible/rhoSimpleFoam/squareBend

SIMPLE
{
    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
    rhoMin          0.1;
    rhoMax          1.0;
    transonic       yes;
    consistent      yes;

    residualControl
    {
        p               1e-3;
        U               1e-4;
        e               1e-3;

        // possibly check turbulence fields
        "(k|epsilon|omega)" 1e-3;
    }
}

relaxationFactors
{
    fields
    {
        p               1;
        rho             1;
    }
    equations
    {
        p               1;
        U               0.9;
        e               0.9;
        k               0.9;
        epsilon         0.9;
    }
}

e.g. in tutorials/compressible/rhoPimpleFoam/ras/angledDuctLTS

PIMPLE
{
    momentumPredictor   yes;
    transonic           no;
    nOuterCorrectors    50;
    nCorrectors         1;
    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
    consistent          yes;

    rhoMin          0.5;
    rhoMax          2.0;

    residualControl
    {
        "(U|k|epsilon)"
        {
            relTol          0;
            tolerance       0.0001;
        }
    }

    turbOnFinalIterOnly off;
}

relaxationFactors
{
    fields
    {
        "p.*"           0.9;
        "rho.*"         1;
    }
    equations
    {
        "U.*"           0.9;
        "h.*"           0.7;
        "(k|epsilon|omega).*" 0.8;
    }
}

LTS is selected by the ddt scheme e.g. in the
tutorials/multiphase/interFoam/ras/DTCHull case:

ddtSchemes
{
    default         localEuler rDeltaT;
}

LTSInterFoam is no longer needed now that interFoam includes LTS
support.

With the SIMPLE "consistent" option and optimized relaxation factors
this tutorial now converges in 210 iterations, previously with SIMPLE it
took 950.  Despite the increase in cost per time-step due to the
increase in relaxation factors and number of solver iterations the
speed-up is 3.5x.

Multi-species, mass-transfer and reaction support and multi-phase
structure provided by William Bainbridge.

Integration of the latest p-U and face-p_U algorithms with William's
multi-phase structure is not quite complete due to design
incompatibilities which needs further development.  However the
integration of the functionality is complete.

The results of the tutorials are not exactly the same for the
twoPhaseEulerFoam and reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam solvers but are very
similar.  Further analysis in needed to ensure these differences are
physical or to resolve them; in the meantime the twoPhaseEulerFoam
solver will be maintained.

This is necessary to guarantee consistency between the residualAlpha
used for drag and buoyancy in a multi-phase system

by introducing rational base-classes rather than using the hideous
'switch' statement.  Further rationalization of the cell-selection
mechanism will be implemented via an appropriate class hierarchy to
replace the remaining 'switch' statement.

Mesh-motion is currently handled very inefficiently for cellSets and not
at all for inter-region coupling.  The former will be improved when the
cell-selection classes are written and the latter by making the
meshToMesh class a MeshObject after it has been corrected for mapFields.

fvOptions does not have the appropriate structure to support MRF as it
is based on option selection by user-specified fields whereas MRF MUST
be applied to all velocity fields in the particular solver.  A
consequence of the particular design choices in fvOptions made it
difficult to support MRF for multiphase and it is easier to support
frame-related and field related options separately.

Currently the MRF functionality provided supports only rotations but
the structure will be generalized to support other frame motions
including linear acceleration, SRF rotation and 6DoF which will be
run-time selectable.

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1720

SIMPLEC (SIMPLE-consistent) is selected by setting "consistent" option true/yes:

SIMPLE
{
    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
    consistent yes;
}

which relaxes the pressure in a "consistent" manner and additional
relaxation of the pressure is not generally necessary.  In addition
convergence of the p-U system is better and reliable with less
aggressive relaxation of the momentum equation, e.g. for the motorbike
tutorial:

relaxationFactors
{
    equations
    {
        U               0.9;
        k               0.7;
        omega           0.7;
    }
}

The cost per iteration is marginally higher but the convergence rate is
better so the number of iterations can be reduced.

The SIMPLEC algorithm also provides benefit for cases with large
body-forces, e.g. SRF, see tutorials/incompressible/SRFSimpleFoam/mixer
and feature request http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1714

Resolves second part of http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1717

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1706

using coded function object to change time step at CA = -15 degs
Also updated incorrect scheme keywords in fvSchemes

Existing case did not properly converge and suffered slow convergence
with the water level failing to reach an equilibrium.  A slight rise in
the channel appears to help the water level reach an equlibrium when the flow
rate over the rise matches the inlet flow rate.

to improve stability of the thermal system

consistent with multiphaseInterFoam and other VoF solvers

nLimiterIter: Number of iterations during limiter construction
    3 (default) is sufficient for 3D simulations with a Courant number 0.5 or so
    For larger Courant numbers larger values may be needed but this is
    only relevant for IMULES and CMULES

smoothLimiter: Coefficient to smooth the limiter to avoid "diamond"
    staggering patters seen in regions of low particle phase-fraction in
    fluidised-bed simulations.

    The default is 0 as it is not needed for all simulations.
    A value of 0.1 is appropriate for fluidised-bed simulations.
    The useful range is 0 -> 0.5.
    Values larger than 0.5 may cause excessive smearing of the solution.

Previous behavior which may be useful for moving-mesh cases can be
selected using the optional entry:
    writeTotalArea  yes;

The initial total area is written in the log and data file header e.g.:

 #   Source : faceZone f0
 #   Faces  : 8
 #   Area   : 1.063860e-02

Updated tutorials

Description
    Specify an etc file to include when reading dictionaries, expects a
    single string to follow.

    Searches for files from user/group/shipped directories.
    The search scheme allows for version-specific and
    version-independent files using the following hierarchy:
    - \b user settings:
      - ~/.OpenFOAM/\<VERSION\>
      - ~/.OpenFOAM/
    - \b group (site) settings (when $WM_PROJECT_SITE is set):
      - $WM_PROJECT_SITE/\<VERSION\>
      - $WM_PROJECT_SITE
    - \b group (site) settings (when $WM_PROJECT_SITE is not set):
      - $WM_PROJECT_INST_DIR/site/\<VERSION\>
      - $WM_PROJECT_INST_DIR/site/
    - \b other (shipped) settings:
      - $WM_PROJECT_DIR/etc/

    An example of the \c \#includeEtc directive:
    \verbatim
        #includeEtc "etcFile"
    \endverbatim

    The usual expansion of environment variables and other constructs is
    retained.

Use the new -withFunctionObjects command-line option to execute functionObjects

For multi-region cases the default location of blockMeshDict is now system/<region name>

If the blockMeshDict is not found in system then the constant directory
is also checked providing backward-compatibility

Updated tutorials to converge pressure during PIMPLE loop to avoid
phase-fraction unboundedness which limits thermodynamics convergence.

Resolves bug-report http://openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1579