Patch contributed by Juho Peltola, VTT.

Patch contributed by Juho Peltola, VTT

sprayFoam: Added support for the optional 'solveFlow' control to allow
           simulation of the spray evolution with all sub-models in a 'frozen'
           flow-field.

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2374

'set -x' should be used for debugging.

Added command printing into wmake and Allwmake as a replacement for
'set -x' to log current target.

Added the interfacial pressure-work terms according to:

Ishii, M., Hibiki, T.,
Thermo-fluid dynamics of two-phase flow,
ISBN-10: 0-387-28321-8, 2006

While this is the most common approach to handling the interfacial
pressure-work it introduces numerical stability issues in regions of low
phase-fraction and rapid flow deformation.  To alleviate this problem an
optional limiter may be applied to the pressure-work term in either of
the energy forms.  This may specified in the
"thermophysicalProperties.<phase>" file, e.g.

pressureWorkAlphaLimit 1e-3;

which sets the pressure work term to 0 for phase-fractions below 1e-3.

For particularly unstable cases a limit of 1e-2 may be necessary.

This reverts commit 41643ef2.

See commit 527e1c87

Added 'READ_IF_PRESENT' option to support overriding of the default BCs
for complex problems requiring special treatment of Udm at boundaries.

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2317

In many publications and Euler-Euler codes the pressure-work term in the
total enthalpy is stated and implemented as -alpha*dp/dt rather than the
conservative form derived from the total internal energy equation
-d(alpha*p)/dt.  In order for the enthalpy and internal energy equations
to be consistent this error/simplification propagates to the total
internal energy equation as a spurious additional term p*d(alpha)/dt
which is included in the OpenFOAM Euler-Euler solvers and causes
stability and conservation issues.

I have now re-derived the energy equations for multiphase flow from
first-principles and implemented in the reactingEulerFoam solvers the
correct conservative form of pressure-work in both the internal energy
and enthalpy equations.

Additionally an optional limiter may be applied to the pressure-work
term in either of the energy forms to avoid spurious fluctuations in the
phase temperature in regions where the phase-fraction -> 0.  This may
specified in the "thermophysicalProperties.<phase>" file, e.g.

pressureWorkAlphaLimit 1e-3;

which sets the pressure work term to 0 for phase-fractions below 1e-3.

to handle the change in density generated by the temperature correction.

Previously the inlet flow of phase 1 (the phase solved for) is corrected
to match the inlet specification for that phase.  However, if the second
phase is also constrained at inlets the inlet flux must also be
corrected to match the inlet specification.

Patch contributed by Mattijs Janssens
Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2303

twoPhaseEulerFoam, reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam: Corrected support for implicitPhasePressure with nAlphaCorr > 1

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2290

to handle the effect of condensation and evaporation on bubble size

to handle the size of bubbles created by boiling.  To be used in
conjunction with the alphatWallBoilingWallFunction boundary condition.

The IATE variant of the wallBoiling tutorial case is provided to
demonstrate the functionality:

tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoilingIATE

Patch contributed by Juho Peltola, VTT

The new JohnsonJacksonSchaefferFrictionalStress model is included.

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2058

Patch contributed by Juho Peltola

Contributed by Juho Peltola, VTT

Notable changes:

    1. The same wall function is now used for both phases, but user must
       specify phaseType ‘liquid’ or ‘vapor’

    2. Runtime selectable submodels for:
       - wall heat flux partitioning between the phases
       - nucleation site density
       - bubble departure frequency
       - bubble departure diameter

    3. An additional iteration loop for the wall boiling model in case
       the initial guess for the wall temperature proves to be poor.

The wallBoiling tutorial has been updated to demonstrate this new functionality.

fvPatchFields: Constructors from dictionary now call the corresponding constructor of the fvPatchField base-class
to ensure 'patchType' is set as specified.

Required substantial change to the organization of the reading of the
'value' entry requiring careful testing and there may be some residual
issues remaining.  Please report any problems with the reading and
initialization of patch fields.

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2266

Renamed the original 'laminar' model to 'Stokes' to indicate it is a
linear stress model supporting both Newtonian and non-Newtonian
viscosity.

This general framework will support linear, non-linear, visco-elastic
etc. laminar transport models.

For backward compatibility the 'Stokes' laminar stress model can be
selected either the original 'laminar' 'simulationType'
specification in turbulenceProperties:

    simulationType laminar;

or using the new more general 'laminarModel' specification:

    simulationType laminar;

    laminar
    {
        laminarModel        Stokes;
    }

which allows other laminar stress models to be selected.

solvers: Moved createRDeltaT.H into createFields.H so that it is available with the -postProcess option

Required to support LTS with the -postProcess option with sub-models dependent on ddt
terms during construction, in particular reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam.

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/bug_change_status_page.php

Requires gcc version 4.7 or higher

Thanks to Bruno Santos for providing the script to check the files
Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2169

TurbulenceModels: Reorganized support macros to simplify the creation of additional turbulence model libraries

Provides efficient integration of complex laminar reaction chemistry,
combining the advantages of automatic dynamic specie and reaction
reduction with ISAT (in situ adaptive tabulation).  The advantages grow
as the complexity of the chemistry increases.

References:
    Contino, F., Jeanmart, H., Lucchini, T., & D’Errico, G. (2011).
    Coupling of in situ adaptive tabulation and dynamic adaptive chemistry:
    An effective method for solving combustion in engine simulations.
    Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 33(2), 3057-3064.

    Contino, F., Lucchini, T., D'Errico, G., Duynslaegher, C.,
    Dias, V., & Jeanmart, H. (2012).
    Simulations of advanced combustion modes using detailed chemistry
    combined with tabulation and mechanism reduction techniques.
    SAE International Journal of Engines,
    5(2012-01-0145), 185-196.

    Contino, F., Foucher, F., Dagaut, P., Lucchini, T., D’Errico, G., &
    Mounaïm-Rousselle, C. (2013).
    Experimental and numerical analysis of nitric oxide effect on the
    ignition of iso-octane in a single cylinder HCCI engine.
    Combustion and Flame, 160(8), 1476-1483.

    Contino, F., Masurier, J. B., Foucher, F., Lucchini, T., D’Errico, G., &
    Dagaut, P. (2014).
    CFD simulations using the TDAC method to model iso-octane combustion
    for a large range of ozone seeding and temperature conditions
    in a single cylinder HCCI engine.
    Fuel, 137, 179-184.

Two tutorial cases are currently provided:
    + tutorials/combustion/chemFoam/ic8h18_TDAC
    + tutorials/combustion/reactingFoam/laminar/counterFlowFlame2D_GRI_TDAC

the first of which clearly demonstrates the advantage of dynamic
adaptive chemistry providing ~10x speedup,

the second demonstrates ISAT on the modest complex GRI mechanisms for
methane combustion, providing a speedup of ~4x.

More tutorials demonstrating TDAC on more complex mechanisms and cases
will be provided soon in addition to documentation for the operation and
settings of TDAC.  Also further updates to the TDAC code to improve
consistency and integration with the rest of OpenFOAM and further
optimize operation can be expected.

Original code providing all algorithms for chemistry reduction and
tabulation contributed by Francesco Contino, Tommaso Lucchini, Gianluca
D’Errico, Hervé Jeanmart, Nicolas Bourgeois and Stéphane Backaert.

Implementation updated, optimized and integrated into OpenFOAM-dev by
Henry G. Weller, CFD Direct Ltd with the help of Francesco Contino.

for consistency with HeatAndMassTransferPhaseSystem.C
Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2141

Contributed by Alberto Passalacqua, Iowa State University

Foam::dragModels::Beetstra
    Drag model of Beetstra et al. for monodisperse gas-particle flows obtained
    with direct numerical simulations with the Lattice-Boltzmann method and
    accounting for the effect of particle ensembles.

    Reference:
    \verbatim
        Beetstra, R., van der Hoef, M. A., & Kuipers, J. a. M. (2007).
        Drag force of intermediate Reynolds number flow past mono- and
        bidisperse arrays of spheres.
        AIChE Journal, 53(2), 489–501.
    \endverbatim

Foam::dragModels::Tenneti
    Drag model of Tenneti et al. for monodisperse gas-particle flows obtained
    with particle-resolved direct numerical simulations and accounting for the
    effect of particle ensembles.

    Reference:
    \verbatim
        Tenneti, S., Garg, R., & Subramaniam, S. (2011).
        Drag law for monodisperse gas–solid systems using particle-resolved
        direct numerical simulation of flow past fixed assemblies of spheres.
        International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 37(9), 1072–1092.
    \verbatim