INT: polyline: new extrusion model

Allows specification of extrusion path using blockMesh 'edges' syntax.
See tutorials/mesh/extrudeMesh/polyline

Contribution by Ivor Clifford/Paul Scherrer Institut

CONTRIBUTORS.md

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ It is likely incomplete...
 - William Bainbridge
 - Gabriel Barajas
 - Kutalmis Bercin
+- Ivor Clifford
 - Greg Collecutt
 - Jonathan Cranford
 - Sergio Ferraris

src/mesh/extrudeModel/Make/files

@@ -10,5 +10,6 @@ sigmaRadial/sigmaRadial.C
 sector/sector.C
 cyclicSector/cyclicSector.C
 wedge/wedge.C
+polyline/polyline.C
 
 LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libextrudeModel

src/mesh/extrudeModel/Make/options

 EXE_INC = \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/fileFormats/lnInclude \
     -I$(LIB_SRC)/surfMesh/lnInclude \
-    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/meshTools/lnInclude \
+    -I$(LIB_SRC)/mesh/blockMesh/lnInclude \
 
 LIB_LIBS = \
+    -lfileFormats \
     -lsurfMesh \
-    -lmeshTools
+    -lmeshTools \
+    -lblockMesh

src/mesh/extrudeModel/polyline/polyline.C

+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Copyright (C) 2020 Ivor Clifford/Paul Scherrer Institut
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "polyline.H"
+#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
+#include "interpolateXY.H"
+#include "quaternion.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace extrudeModels
+{
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+defineTypeNameAndDebug(polyline, 0);
+
+addToRunTimeSelectionTable(extrudeModel, polyline, dictionary);
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+polyline::polyline(const dictionary& dict)
+:
+    extrudeModel(typeName, dict),
+    geometry_(0),
+    vertices_(coeffDict_.lookup("vertices")),
+    segments_
+    (
+        coeffDict_.lookup("edges"),
+        blockEdge::iNew(coeffDict_, geometry_, vertices_)
+    ),
+    x_(segments_.size() + 1),
+    y_(segments_.size() + 1),
+    relTol_(coeffDict_.lookupOrDefault("toleranceCheck", SMALL))
+{
+    // Check continuity and smoothness of the supplied polyline
+    for(label i=1; i < segments_.size(); i++)
+    {
+        // Check continuity
+        vector x0 = segments_[i-1].position(1);
+        vector x1 = segments_[i].position(0);
+
+        if (mag(x1-x0) > SMALL)
+        {
+            FatalErrorInFunction()
+                << "Supplied polyline is not continuous." << endl
+                << Foam::abort(FatalError);
+        }
+
+        // Check smoothness
+        vector v0 = (segments_[i-1].position(1)
+                   - segments_[i-1].position(1-DELTA));
+        v0 /= mag(v0);
+        vector v1 = (segments_[i].position(DELTA)
+                   - segments_[i].position(0));
+        v1 /= mag(v1);
+
+        if ((v1 & v0) < (1 - relTol_))
+        {
+            FatalErrorInFunction()
+                << "Supplied polyline is not smooth." << endl
+                << Foam::abort(FatalError);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Calculate cumulative length along polyline
+    x_[0] = 0.0;
+    y_[0] = 0.0;
+    scalar totalLength = 0.0;
+    forAll(segments_, i)
+    {
+        totalLength += segments_[i].length();
+        x_[i+1] = totalLength;
+        y_[i+1] = i+1;
+    }
+
+    // Normalise cumulative length (0 <= x <= 1)
+    x_ /= totalLength;
+
+    // Position vector and direction at start of polyline
+    positionAndDirection(0, p0_, n0_);
+
+    if (debug)
+    {
+        Info<< tab << "Polyline start: " << p0_ << nl
+            << tab << "Polyline normal at start: " << n0_ << nl
+            << tab << "Polyline end: "
+            << segments_[segments_.size()-1].position(1.0) << nl
+            << tab << "Total length: " << totalLength << endl;
+    }
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+polyline::~polyline()
+{}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Operators * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+point polyline::operator()
+(
+    const point& surfacePoint,
+    const vector& surfaceNormal,
+    const label layer
+) const
+{
+    // Offset between supplied point and origin of polyline
+    vector dp = (surfacePoint - p0_);
+
+    // If this is the first layer, check whether the start of the
+    // polyline seems to lie on the surface
+    if (layer == 0)
+    {
+        if (mag((dp/mag(dp)) & n0_) > relTol_)
+        {
+            WarningInFunction()
+                << "The starting point of the polyline does not appear "
+                << "to lie of the supplied surface. Apparent absolute "
+                << "misalignment is " << (dp & n0_) << endl;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Position and direction vector at end of layer
+    vector p;
+    vector n;
+    positionAndDirection(sumThickness(layer), p, n);
+
+    // Angle between normal vector and normal at origin
+    scalar cosTheta = (n & n0_);
+
+    // Rotate point to align with current normal vector
+    if (cosTheta < (1-SMALL))
+    {
+        vector axis = (n0_^n);
+        axis /= mag(axis);
+
+        dp = quaternion(axis, cosTheta, true).transform(dp);
+    }
+
+    return p + dp;
+}
+
+
+void polyline::positionAndDirection
+(
+    const scalar lambda,
+    vector& p,
+    vector& n
+) const
+{
+    // Find associated segment and position for supplied lambda
+    scalar y = interpolateXY(lambda, x_, y_);
+    int i = floor(y);
+    scalar s = y - i;
+    if (i > segments_.size()-1)
+    {
+        i = segments_.size()-1;
+        s = 1.0;
+    }
+
+    // Position vector
+    p = segments_[i].position(s);
+
+    // Normal vector at current position
+    // Estimated normal vector using numerical differencing since
+    // blockEdge doesn't include a normal function
+    n = segments_[i].position(min(s + DELTA, 1))
+      - segments_[i].position(max(s - DELTA, 0));
+    n /= mag(n);
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace extrudeModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

src/mesh/extrudeModel/polyline/polyline.H

+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+  =========                 |
+  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
+   \\    /   O peration     |
+    \\  /    A nd           | www.openfoam.com
+     \\/     M anipulation  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Copyright (C) 2020 Ivor Clifford/Paul Scherrer Institut
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License
+    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
+
+    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+    for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Class
+    Foam::extrudeModels::polyline
+
+Description
+    Extrudes by transforming points along a polyline provided as a
+    series of points and edge segments. Supports all blockMesh edge
+    types, e.g. line, arc, spline. The surface points are rotated to
+    follow the path.
+
+    \table
+        Property  | Description                             | Required | Default
+        vertices  | List of vertices                        | yes      |
+        edges     | List of blockEdge segments              | yes      |
+        toleranceCheck | Relative tolerance for polyline checks | no | SMALL
+    \endtable
+
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef polyline_H
+#define polyline_H
+
+#include "extrudeModel.H"
+#include "blockEdgeList.H"
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+namespace Foam
+{
+namespace extrudeModels
+{
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+                    Class polyline Declaration
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+class polyline
+:
+    public extrudeModel
+{
+    // Private data
+
+        //- Dummy object needed to use blockEdge
+        searchableSurfaces geometry_;
+
+        //- List of points
+        pointField vertices_;
+
+        //- List of line segments
+        blockEdgeList segments_;
+
+        //- Relative length along all segments for interplation (0 <= x <= 1)
+        scalarField x_;
+
+        //- Relative position on segments for interpolation
+        //- (0 <= y <= segments_.size())
+        scalarField y_;
+
+        //- Position vector at start of polyline
+        vector p0_;
+
+        //- Direction vector at start of polyline
+        vector n0_;
+
+        //- Relative tolerance for checking alignment of polyline and surface
+        scalar relTol_;
+
+        //- Small delta for numerical differencing
+        const scalar DELTA = 1e-6;
+
+public:
+
+    //- Runtime type information
+    TypeName("polyline");
+
+    // Constructors
+
+        //- Construct from dictionary
+        polyline(const dictionary& dict);
+
+
+    //- Destructor
+    virtual ~polyline();
+
+
+    // Member Operators
+
+        point operator()
+        (
+            const point& surfacePoint,
+            const vector& surfaceNormal,
+            const label layer
+        ) const;
+
+        //- The point and direction vector corresponding to the polyline
+        //- parameter [0-1]
+        void positionAndDirection
+        (
+            const scalar lambda,
+            vector& p,
+            vector& n
+        ) const;
+};
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+} // End namespace extrudeModels
+} // End namespace Foam
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+#endif
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/extrudeMesh/polyline/Allclean

+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions      # Tutorial clean functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+cleanCase0
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/mesh/extrudeMesh/polyline/Allrun

+#!/bin/sh
+cd "${0%/*}" || exit                                # Run from this directory
+. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions        # Tutorial run functions
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+runApplication extrudeMesh
+mkdir 0
+runApplication checkMesh -writeAllFields
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tutorials/mesh/extrudeMesh/polyline/constant/triSurface/channel.vtk

+# vtk DataFile Version 2.0
+triSurface
+ASCII
+DATASET POLYDATA
+POINTS 150 float
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tutorials/mesh/extrudeMesh/polyline/system/controlDict

+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | foam-extend: Open Source CFD                    |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:     3.1                                |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:         http://www.extend-project.de       |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      controlDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+application     simpleFoam;
+
+startFrom       latestTime;
+
+startTime       0;
+
+stopAt          endTime;
+
+endTime         5;
+
+deltaT          0.0001;
+
+writeControl    runTime;
+
+writeInterval   0.1;
+
+purgeWrite      0;
+
+writeFormat     binary;
+
+writePrecision  8;
+
+writeCompression uncompressed;
+
+timeFormat      general;
+
+timePrecision   6;
+
+runTimeModifiable yes;
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/extrudeMesh/polyline/system/extrudeMeshDict

+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  2.2.2                                 |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.org                      |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      extrudeMeshDict;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+constructFrom   surface;
+
+surface         "<constant>/triSurface/channel.vtk";
+
+flipNormals     false;
+
+extrudeModel    polyline;
+
+nLayers         200;
+
+expansionRatio  1.0;
+
+polylineCoeffs
+{
+    vertices 10
+    (
+        ( 0 0 0.05 )            //0
+        ( 0 0 0.75 )
+        ( 0 -0.3 1.05 )         //2
+        ( 0 -0.7 1.05 )
+        ( 0 -1 1.35 )           //4
+        ( 0 -1 1.75 )
+        ( 0.3 -1 2.05 )         //6
+        ( 0.826794919 -1 2.05 )
+        ( 1.08660254 -1 1.9 )   //8
+        ( 1.5 -1 1.183974596 )
+    );
+
+    edges 9
+    (
+        line 0 1
+        arc  1 2 ( 0 -0.087867966 0.962132034 )
+        line 2 3
+        arc  3 4 ( 0 -0.912132034 1.137867966 )
+        line 4 5
+        arc  5 6 ( 0.087867966 -1 1.962132034 )
+        line 6 7
+        arc  7 8 ( 0.976794919 -1 2.009807621 )
+        line 8 9
+    );
+
+    toleranceCheck  1e-6;
+}
+
+mergeFaces false;
+
+mergeTol 0;
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

tutorials/mesh/extrudeMesh/polyline/system/fvSchemes

+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | foam-extend: Open Source CFD                    |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:     3.1                                |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:         http://www.extend-project.de       |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      fvSchemes;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+ddtSchemes
+{
+    default Euler;
+}
+
+gradSchemes
+{
+    // default         Gauss linear;
+    default         cellMDLimited leastSquares 1.0;
+}
+
+divSchemes
+{
+    default         none;
+    div(phi,U)      bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div(phi,k)      bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div(phi,omega)  bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div(phi,epsilon) bounded Gauss upwind;
+    div((nuEff*dev(grad(U).T()))) Gauss linear;
+    div((nuEff*dev(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
+    div(U)          Gauss linear;
+}
+
+laplacianSchemes
+{
+    // default         Gauss linear corrected;
+    default         Gauss linear limited 0.5 corrected;
+}
+
+interpolationSchemes
+{
+    default         linear;
+    interpolate(U)  linear;
+}
+
+snGradSchemes
+{
+    default         limited 0.5 corrected;
+}
+
+fluxRequired
+{
+    default         no;
+    p;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //

tutorials/mesh/extrudeMesh/polyline/system/fvSolution

+/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
+| =========                 |                                                 |
+| \\      /  F ield         | foam-extend: Open Source CFD                    |
+|  \\    /   O peration     | Version:     3.1                                |
+|   \\  /    A nd           | Web:         http://www.extend-project.de       |
+|    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
+\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+FoamFile
+{
+    version     2.0;
+    format      ascii;
+    class       dictionary;
+    object      fvSolution;
+}
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
+solvers
+{
+    "p|pFinal"
+    {
+        solver           GAMG;
+        tolerance        1e-7;
+        relTol           1e-3;
+        smoother         GaussSeidel;
+        nPreSweeps       0;
+        nPostSweeps      2;
+        cacheAgglomeration on;
+        agglomerator     faceAreaPair;
+        nCellsInCoarsestLevel 10;
+        mergeLevels      1;
+    };
+
+    U
+    {
+        solver           smoothSolver;
+        smoother         GaussSeidel;
+        tolerance        1e-8;
+        relTol           1e-3;
+        nSweeps          1;
+    };
+
+    k
+    {
+        solver           smoothSolver;
+        smoother         GaussSeidel;
+        tolerance        1e-8;
+        relTol           1e-3;
+        nSweeps          1;
+    };
+
+    epsilon
+    {
+        solver           smoothSolver;
+        smoother         GaussSeidel;
+        tolerance        1e-8;
+        relTol           1e-3;
+        nSweeps          1;
+    };
+
+    omega
+    {
+        solver           smoothSolver;
+        smoother         GaussSeidel;
+        tolerance        1e-8;
+        relTol           1e-3;
+        nSweeps          1;
+    };
+}
+
+blockSolver
+{
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 1;
+    nCorrectors           2;
+}
+
+SIMPLE
+{
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+}
+
+PISO
+{
+    nCorrectors           3;
+}
+
+PIMPLE
+{
+    nOuterCorrectors 2;
+    nCorrectors     2;
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
+    pRefCell        0;
+    pRefValue       0;
+}
+
+potentialFlow
+{
+    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 1;
+}
+
+relaxationFactors
+{
+    p               0.3;
+    U               0.7;
+    k               0.7;
+    omega           0.7;
+    epsilon         0.7;
+}
+
+// ************************************************************************* //