ENH: Improve and verify atmBoundaryLayerInlet conditions

Summary

• Related to the log-law type ground-normal inflow boundary conditions for wind velocity and turbulence quantities for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) modelling

• ENH: Generalises Richards-Hoxey expressions. This allows to input experimental profiles or heuristic spatial-variant profiles in a mathematically consistent way.

    Yang, Y., Gu, M., Chen, S., & Jin, X. (2009).
    New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the neutral equilibrium
    atmospheric boundary layer in computational wind engineering.
    J. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 97(2), 88-95.
    DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2008.12.001

• ENH: Adds new generalised atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega boundary condition by using:

    Yang, Y., Gu, M., & Jin, X., (2009).
    New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the
    neutral equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer in SST k-ω model.
    In: The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering,
    November 8-12, Taipei, Taiwan.

• ENH: Adds new verification case tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericFlows/HargreavesWright_2007 by using:

  Rectangular prism shown in FIG 1 of
    Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
    On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
    to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
    Journal of wind engineering and
    industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
    DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
  Benchmark data:
    HW, 2007 FIG 6

• BUG: Fixes value-entry behaviour in atmBoundaryLayerInlet (fixes #1578) (Thanks to @perjorgensen for the bug report).

  • Without this change:
    • for serial-parallel computations, if value entry is available in an atmBoundaryLayerInlet BC, the theoretical ABL profile expressions are not computed, and the value entry content is used as a profile data
    • for parallel computations, if value entry is not available, decomposePar could not be executed.
  • With this change:
    • assuming value entry is always be present, the use of value entry for the ABL profile specification is determined by a flag initABL
    • the default value of the optional flag initABL is true, but whenever initABL=true is executed, initABL is overwritten as false for the subsequent runs, so that value entry can be safely used.

• BUG: Ensures atmBoundaryInlet conditions are Galilean-invariant (fixes #1692)

• DOC: Improves atmBoundaryLayerInlet header documentation

Resolved bugs (If applicable)

#1578 #1692

Details of new models (If applicable)

kEpsilon-parallelHierarchical8-Gcc74DP:

kOmegaSST-parallelHierarchical8-Gcc74DP:

Risks

Regression

Bitwise regression is preserved.

Changes to user input

• zGround is silently deprecated, and its functionality is now inherently computed.
• d is introduced for displacement height.
• Uref and Zref are noisily deprecated:
  • Uref is renamed as uRef since it refers to a scalar rather than a vector U.
  • Zref is renamed as zRef since it was always a scalar.

Future work

• These inlet conditions are limited to the surface layer portion of the atmospheric boundary layer:
  • Neutral-stratified
  • Dry-air
  • No Ekman layer
• These inlet conditions can/should be generalised to stable/unstable stratification as well as into the Ekman layer since neutral conditions are very rare.
• Spatial variation in input of aerodynamic roughness length, z0, and displacement height, d.
• Further consistent boundary conditions are required to improve the verification case in terms of nut predictions for
  • Top boundaries
  • Ground boundaries