fvOptions are transferred to the database on construction using
fv::options::New which returns a reference.  The same function can be
use for construction and lookup so that fvOptions are now entirely
demand-driven.

The abstract base-classes for fvOptions now reside in the finiteVolume
library simplifying compilation and linkage.  The concrete
implementations of fvOptions are still in the single monolithic
fvOptions library but in the future this will be separated into smaller
libraries based on application area which may be linked at run-time in
the same manner as functionObjects.

Corrects feature-request http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1856
Patch provided by Juho Peltola

- Initial code supplied by CFD+Engineering
- Refactored and integrated into the code by OpenCFD

Resolves the bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1934

Patch provided by Timo Niemi
Resolved bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1636

This correction corresponds to option 3 of the options proposed by Timo:

Define both ECont and EDisp to be the total emission per surface area,
apply multiplication by 4 in cloudAbsorptionEmission model (the only
place that uses EDisp?). Do not multiply E in P1 at all, divide both
ECont and EDisp in fvDOM.

Do not link the fvOptions library into the TurbulenceModels libraries
due to cyclic dependency

Feature turbulence

Integration of new kOmega SST turbulence model variants: DES, DDES, IDDES

Initially supplied by CFD Software E+F GmbH



See merge request !20

See also commit 52d83407

Moved correctNut call from constructors to the new validate function to
avoid problems with construction order and field availability for the
calculation of nut.

To ensure nut is physical and consistent with the turbulence fields the
validate function should be called after the construction of the
turbulence model, fvOptions and any other fields that the calculation of
nut might depend on.

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1932

ENH: Added new ceeateZeroDirectory utility

Uses a system/caseProperties file to select templates from
etc/caseDicts/createZeroDirectoryTemplates to enable high-level setup
of a case.
See
- etc/caseDicts/createZeroDirectoryTemplates
- tutorials/preProcessing/createZeroDirectory

See merge request !19

chtMultiRegionFoam, chtMultiRegionSimpleFoam, buoyantPimpleFoam, buoyantSimpleFoam: Added support for hRef

- Initial code supplied by CFD Software E+F GmbH
- Refactored and integrated into the new templated Turbulence structure
  by OpenCFD

References:

- kOmegaSSTDES model:
  Strelets, M. (2001)
  Detached Eddy Simulation of Massively Separated Flows,
  39th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV

- kOmegaSSTDDES model:
  Gritskevich, M.S., Garbaruk, A.V., Schuetze, J., Menter, F.R. (2011)
  Development of DDES and IDDES  Formulations for the k-omega
  Shear Stress Transport Model, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion,
  pp. 1-19

- kOmegaSSTIDDES model:
  Gritskevich, M.S., Garbaruk, A.V., Schuetze, J., Menter, F.R. (2011)
  Development of DDES and IDDES Formulations for the k-omega
  Shear Stress Transport Model, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion,
  pp. 1-19

Uses a system/caseProperties file to select templates from
etc/caseDicts/createZeroDirectoryTemplates to enable high-level setup
of a case.
See
- etc/caseDicts/createZeroDirectoryTemplates
- tutorials/preProcessing/createZeroDirectory

It was not correctly interpolating faceZones which are on processor boundaries.
This caused difference between serial and parallel running. Fixes #16.

Included option to use the low Reynolds number correction, with a
default value of 'on'.  Further details can be found in the reference:

    Spalart, P. R., Deck, S., Shur, M.L., Squires, K.D., Strelets, M.Kh,
    Travin, A. (2006).
    A new version of detached-eddy simulation, resistant to ambiguous grid
    densities.
    Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 20, 181-195.

Set using the entry:

    lowReCorrection on; // off

Some bcs (e.g. humidity) use an external transported field so this needs
to be registered asap.

Patch provided by Bruno Santos
Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1494