- can assist diagnosing when things have gone wrong

- cleanup the run script syntax

- no stderr redirect needed:
    * 'command -v'

- no stdout/stderr redirect needed:
    * 'rm -f'

STYLE: consistent spacing after redirects

For example,

   $ someSolver -info-switch writeOptionalEntries

- note that values changed via the command-line are changed after the
  etc/controlDict entries, but *before* any case-local
  system/controlDict entries.

  However, in many testing cases the command-line options eliminate
  the need for such local file modifications.

ENH: cleanup handling of local debug switches in Time

- add as methods directly on simpleObjectRegistry to avoid code
  duplication

STYLE: adjust internal naming of ITstream parameters

- call also be used non-interactively for simple 'one-shot' use of
  OpenFOAM utilities or solvers

STYLE: use dash instead of brackets for '- see www.OpenFOAM.com'

- less cluttered in combination with API information

- foamExec was removed as part of commit 6c68c34e but
  overlooked the fact that it is partly still needed by foamJob.
  When running in parallel, it is used to source the etc/bashrc env.

  Reinstated a stripped down form, which has been relocated to
  bin/tools directory (it should not be directly called by the user).

  The previous version switching functionality has nonetheless be
  dropped since it only worked only when a rigid naming convention for
  OpenFOAM installations was followed.

ENH: add foamJob log=, -log-app, -no-log options, improved coding quality

CONFIG: remove adios1 config files

- if desired to create a tar-file without a _patch value in its name.

- add a '-SPDP' option

- remove the '-archOption' for forcing a '-m32' build on 64-bit
  architecture, which is now considered too obscure.
  Must edit files manually if this option is really required.

A set of libraries and executables creating a workflow for performing
gradient-based optimisation loops. The main executable (adjointOptimisationFoam)
solves the flow (primal) equations, followed by the adjoint equations and,
eventually, the computation of sensitivity derivatives.

Current functionality supports the solution of the adjoint equations for
incompressible turbulent flows, including the adjoint to the Spalart-Allmaras
turbulence model and the adjoint to the nutUSpaldingWallFunction, [1], [2].

Sensitivity derivatives are computed with respect to the normal displacement of
boundary wall nodes/faces (the so-called sensitivity maps) following the
Enhanced Surface Integrals (E-SI) formulation, [3].

The software was developed by PCOpt/NTUA and FOSS GP, with contributions from

Dr. Evangelos Papoutsis-Kiachagias,
Konstantinos Gkaragounis,
Professor Kyriakos Giannakoglou,
Andy Heather

and contributions in earlier version from

Dr. Ioannis Kavvadias,
Dr. A...

- options '-n' and '-np' are synonymous, but some mpiexec versions may
  only recognize '-n' and not '-np'

- adapted from the 'foamGet' utility authored by Chris Greenshields

ENH: add -prefs option to pass in a preferences configuration file

- reduces installation clutter, allows easier cross-referencing

- remove older deprecated scripts (foamDebugSwitches, foamGraph*)

- was WM_PROJECT_API in the environment and FOAM_API in dictionaries.

  Make these both consistently FOAM_API.
  This is a non-breaking change, since the value of WM_PROJECT_API
  (added in 1812) and/or FOAM_API is purely informative.
  For the current correct values, always use

    * foamEtcFile -show-api
    * wmakeBuildInfo -show-api

- older emacs tools into legacy
- old process tools

* Less frequently used scripts into bin/tools/

  - findEmptyMake
  - foamAllHC
  - foamUpdateCaseFileHeader

* Infrastructure file (only used by foamNewApp)

  - wmake/wmakeFilesAndOptions -> wmake/scripts/wmakeFilesAndOptions

* Merge wmakeRoot convenience as 'wmake -pwd'
* Remove obsolete wmakePrintBuild (superseded by wmakeBuildInfo)
* Remove unused mergeHistory file

Previously silently accepted '-o' as being equivalent to '-output',
but the former could be misinterpreted meaning an output file (which
it is not) instead of an output directory.

- was WM_PROJECT_API in the environment and FOAM_API in dictionaries.

  Make these both consistently FOAM_API.
  This is a non-breaking change, since the value of WM_PROJECT_API
  (added in 1812) and/or FOAM_API is purely informative.
  For the current correct values, always use

    * foamEtcFile -show-api
    * wmakeBuildInfo -show-api