Merge branch 'merge-foundation' of develop.openfoam.com:Development/OpenFOAM-plus into merge-foundation

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2273

blockMesh -help

Usage: blockMesh [OPTIONS]
options:
  -blockTopology    write block edges and centres as .obj files
  -case <dir>       specify alternate case directory, default is the cwd
  -dict <file>      specify alternative dictionary for the blockMesh description
  -noFunctionObjects
                    do not execute functionObjects
  -region <name>    specify alternative mesh region
  -srcDoc           display source code in browser
  -doc              display application documentation in browser
  -help             print the usage

Block description

  For a given block, the correspondence between the ordering of
  vertex labels and face labels is shown below.
  For vertex numbering in the sequence 0 to 7 (block, centre):
    faces 0 (f0) and 1 are left and right, respectively;
    faces 2 and 3 are bottom and top;
    and faces 4 and 5 are front the back:

           4 ---- 5
      f3   |\     |\   f5
      |    | 7 ---- 6   \
      |    0 |--- 1 |    \
      |     \|     \|    f4
      f2     3 ---- 2

            f0 ----- f1

Using: OpenFOAM-dev (see www.OpenFOAM.org)
Build: dev-dc59c633

Patch contributed by Bruno Santos
Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2267

   1. Spaced ending of multi-level template parameters are not allowed, such as:

       List<List<scalar> >

     which instead should be:

       List<List<scalar>>

   2. The use of the 'NULL' macro should be replaced by 'nullptr'

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2268

fvPatchFields: Constructors from dictionary now call the corresponding constructor of the fvPatchField base-class
to ensure 'patchType' is set as specified.

Required substantial change to the organization of the reading of the
'value' entry requiring careful testing and there may be some residual
issues remaining.  Please report any problems with the reading and
initialization of patch fields.

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2266

e.g. for the cavity tutorial the moving wall patch can be specified in
terms of the block vertices as before:

boundary
(
    movingWall
    {
        type wall;
        faces
        (
            (3 7 6 2)
        );
    }
    .
    .
    .

or the new specification of the face as block 0, block face 3:

boundary
(
    movingWall
    {
        type wall;
        faces
        (
            (0 3)
        );
    }

- Similar to ensight converters (issue #240),
  improve speed for detection of lagrangian clouds.

- provide a -noLagrangian option for symmetry

- Less looping when detecting lagrangian clouds and their fields.

- Avoid using Time::setTime() and IOobjectList in tight loops.
  They both kill performance immensely.

ENH: provide a -noLagrangian option to foamToEnsight and foamToEnsightParts
for even more control.

- More informative than a horizonal line, can help when debugging.

STYLE: remove unused write field methods from ensightParts

- The new field needs initialization with a dimensioned<Type> not just
  the dimensionSet.

- The new field was also incorrectly being registered, which could
  cause issues later.

- affects foamToEnsightParts, sampled surfaces

- Use ensightPTraits mechanism throughout to avoid this issue

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2264

Patch contributed by Mattijs Janssens
Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=1815

Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2239

Old code:
    Found 10990 time steps
    Search for moving mesh ... no moving mesh detected.
    Startup in 329.09 s

Updated:
    Found 10990 time steps
    Search for moving mesh ... no moving mesh detected.
    Startup in 1.6 s

- Cause was checking "polyMesh/points" via an IOobject.
  Short-circuit with a check for a polyMesh/ directory first.

  Limit the check to the master-node as well to further reduce
  load on the file-system.

------------------------------

ENH: improve per-step conversion times for foamToEnsight.

Old code:
    Converting 11001 time steps
    Time [0] = 0       Wrote in 1.53 s
    Time [1] = 1       Wrote in 1.52 s
    ...
    Time [100] = 100   Elapsed time 205.35 s

Updated:
    Converting 11001 time steps
    Time [0] = 0       Wrote in 1.4 s
    Time [1] = 1       Wrote in 0.07 s
    ...
    Time [100] = 100   Elapsed time 42.4 s

- Speedup by hashing test results from the first conversion step
  instead of checking each time.

  Check data on all nodes to avoid problems with incomplete writes.

------------------------------

BUG: moving mesh detection failed for foamToEnsightParts

- adjusted to agree with updated foamToEnsight

------------------------------

Note:

- foamToEnsightParts (serial) still has about twice the throughput of
  foamToEnsight.

linearUpwind: Evaluate the gradient of each component of the field to provide support all field types

Also reduces peak-storage as it now generates a volVectorField for each component
rather than the gradient of the field type.

derivative of the stress tensor.  See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper-convected_Maxwell_model

The model includes an additional viscosity (nu) from the transport
model from which it is instantiated, which makes it equivalent to the
Oldroyd-B model for the case of an incompressible transport model.
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldroyd-B_model