Resolves bug-report http://bugs.openfoam.org/view.php?id=2077

tutorials/multiphase/reactingTwoPhaseEulerFoam/RAS/wallBoiling/system/fvSolution: Updated to improve stability

See http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2076
  - .org is the file extension for emacs org-mode as well
  - .orig is more to the point (.org isn't always recognized as "original")
  - .original is too long, although more consistent with the convention
    of source code file naming

Update script contributed by Bruno Santos

This condition creates a zero-dimensional model of an enclosed volume of
gas upstream of the inlet. The pressure that the boundary condition
exerts on the inlet boundary is dependent on the thermodynamic state of
the upstream volume.  The upstream plenum density and temperature are
time-stepped along with the rest of the simulation, and momentum is
neglected. The plenum is supplied with a user specified mass flow and
temperature.

The result is a boundary condition which blends between a pressure inlet
condition condition and a fixed mass flow. The smaller the plenum
volume, the quicker the pressure responds to a deviation from the supply
mass flow, and the closer the model approximates a fixed mass flow. As
the plenum size increases, the model becomes more similar to a specified
pressure.

The expansion from the plenum to the inlet boundary is controlled by an
area ratio and a discharge coefficient. The area ratio can be used to
represent further acceleration between a sub-grid blockage such as fins.
The discharge coefficient represents a fractional deviation from an
ideal expansion process.

This condition is useful for simulating unsteady internal flow problems
for which both a mass flow boundary is unrealistic, and a pressure
boundary is susceptible to flow reversal. It was developed for use in
simulating confined combustion.

tutorials/compressible/rhoPimpleFoam/laminar/helmholtzResonance:
    helmholtz resonance tutorial case for plenum pressure boundary

This development was contributed by Will Bainbridge

Also added the new prghTotalHydrostaticPressure p_rgh BC which uses the
hydrostatic pressure field as the reference state for the far-field
which provides much more accurate entrainment is large open domains
typical of many fire simulations.

The hydrostatic field solution is controlled by the optional entries in
the fvSolution.PIMPLE dictionary, e.g.

    hydrostaticInitialization yes;
    nHydrostaticCorrectors 5;

and the solver must also be specified for the hydrostatic p_rgh field
ph_rgh e.g.

    ph_rgh
    {
        $p_rgh;
    }

Suitable boundary conditions for ph_rgh cannot always be derived from
those for p_rgh and so the ph_rgh is read to provide them.

To avoid accuracy issues with IO, restart and post-processing the p_rgh
and ph_rgh the option to specify a suitable reference pressure is
provided via the optional pRef file in the constant directory, e.g.

    dimensions      [1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0];
    value           101325;

which is used in the relationship between p_rgh and p:

    p = p_rgh + rho*gh + pRef;

Note that if pRef is specified all pressure BC specifications in the
p_rgh and ph_rgh files are relative to the reference to avoid round-off
errors.

For examples of suitable BCs for p_rgh and ph_rgh for a range of
fireFoam cases please study the tutorials in
tutorials/combustion/fireFoam/les which have all been updated.

Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct Ltd.

Patch contributed by Juho Peltola, VTT

The new JohnsonJacksonSchaefferFrictionalStress model is included and
the LBend tutorial case to demonstrate the need for the changes to the
frictional stress models.

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2058

Resolves bug-report http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2062

Resolves bug-report http://openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2061

e.g. (fvc::interpolate(HbyA) & mesh.Sf()) -> fvc::flux(HbyA)

This removes the need to create an intermediate face-vector field when
computing fluxes which is more efficient, reduces the peak storage and
improved cache coherency in addition to providing a simpler and cleaner
API.

tutorials/incompressible/porousSimpleFoam/straightDuctImplicit/Allrun.pre: Updated for latest version of collapseEdges

Patch provided by Bruno Santos
Resolves patch application request http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2015

Contribution provided by Bruno Santos
Resolves feature request http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2004

Resolves bug-report http://openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=2003

tutorials/compressible/rhoSimpleFoam/angledDuctExplicitFixedCoeff: Updated for change in U boundary condition update order

Vastly reduces the scattering and churning behaviour of packed beds.

Development provided by Will Bainbridge <github.com/will-bainbridge>

See also http://www.openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1994

RunFunctions: Added "isTest()" argument parsing function
tutorials: Updated Allrun scripts to propagate the "-test" option
tutorials: Removed the lower Alltest scripts and updated the Allrun to
    use the "isTest()" function to handle test-specific operation

tutorials/multiphase/interFoam/ras/damBreakPorousBaffle: Use PIMPLE outer correctors to improve stability

The boundary conditions of HbyA are now constrained by the new "constrainHbyA"
function which applies the velocity boundary values for patches for which the
velocity cannot be modified by assignment and pressure extrapolation is
not specified via the new
"fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressureFvPatchScalarField".

The new function "constrainPressure" sets the pressure gradient
appropriately for "fixedFluxPressureFvPatchScalarField" and
"fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressureFvPatchScalarField" boundary conditions to
ensure the evaluated flux corresponds to the known velocity values at
the boundary.

The "fixedFluxPressureFvPatchScalarField" boundary condition operates
exactly as before, ensuring the correct flux at fixed-flux boundaries by
compensating for the body forces (gravity in particular) with the
pressure gradient.

The new "fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressureFvPatchScalarField" boundary
condition may be used for cases with or without body-forces to set the
pressure gradient to compensate not only for the body-force but also the
extrapolated "HbyA" which provides a second-order boundary condition for
pressure.  This is useful for a range a problems including impinging
flow, extrapolated inlet conditions with body-forces or for highly
viscous flows, pressure-induced separation etc.  To test this boundary
condition at walls in the motorBike tutorial case set

    lowerWall
    {
        type            fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressure;
    }

    motorBikeGroup
    {
        type            fixedFluxExtrapolatedPressure;
    }

Currently the new extrapolated pressure boundary condition is supported
for all incompressible and sub-sonic compressible solvers except those
providing implicit and tensorial porosity support.  The approach will be
extended to cover these solvers and options in the future.

Note: the extrapolated pressure boundary condition is experimental and
requires further testing to assess the range of applicability,
stability, accuracy etc.

Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct Ltd.

noSlip is equivalent to fixedValue with a value of (0 0 0) but is
simpler to specify e.g.

     upperWall
     {
         type            noSlip;
     }

To see the different behavior of flow through and around the blockage
change D in constant/fvOptions:

        // D 100;  // Very little blockage
        // D 200;  // Some blockage but steady flow
        // D 500;  // Slight waviness in the far wake
        D 1000; // Fully shedding behavior

For example the sinusoidal motion of the floating object in the
potentialFreeSurfaceFoam/oscillatingBox tutorial is now specified thus

    floatingObject
    {
        type            fixedNormalInletOutletVelocity;

        fixTangentialInflow false;

        normalVelocity
        {
            type            uniformFixedValue;
            uniformValue    sine;
            uniformValueCoeffs
            {
                frequency 1;
                amplitude table
                (
                    (   0     0)
                    (  10 0.025)
                    (1000 0.025)
                );
                scale     (0 1 0);
                level     (0 0 0);
            }
        }

        value           uniform (0 0 0);
    }

rather than using

    floatingObject
    {
        type            fixedNormalInletOutletVelocity;

        fixTangentialInflow false;

        normalVelocity
        {
            type            oscillatingFixedValue;
            refValue        uniform (0 1 0);
            offset          (0 -1 0);
            amplitude       table
            (
                (   0     0)
                (  10 0.025)
                (1000 0.025)
            );
            frequency       constant 1;
        }

        value           uniform (0 0 0);
    }

tutorials/compressible/rhoPimpleFoam/ras/angledDuct: Updated for change in U boundary condition update order

    When restarting form a previous calculation, the averaging is continuous or
    may be restarted using the \c restartOnRestart option.

    The averaging process may be restarted after each calculation output time
    using the \c restartOnOutput option or restarted periodically using the \c
    periodicRestart option and setting \c restartPeriod to the required
    averaging period.

    Example of function object specification:
    \verbatim
    fieldAverage1
    {
        type fieldAverage;
        functionObjectLibs ("libfieldFunctionObjects.so");
        ...
        restartOnRestart  false;
        restartOnOutput   false;
        periodicRestart false;
        restartPeriod   0.002;
        fields
        (
            U
            {
                mean            on;
                prime2Mean      on;
                base            time;
                window          10.0;
                windowName      w1;
            }
            p
            {
                mean            on;
                prime2Mean      on;
                base            time;
            }
        );
    }
    \endverbatim

    \heading Function object usage
    \table
        Property        | Description           | Required    | Default value
        type            | type name: fieldAverage | yes |
        restartOnRestart  | Restart the averaging on restart | no | no
        restartOnOutput   | Restart the averaging on output | no | no
        periodicRestart | Periodically restart the averaging | no | no
        restartPeriod   | Periodic restart period | conditional |
        fields          | list of fields and averaging options | yes |
    \endtable

in decomposeParDict.

This default number of processors may be overridden by the new "-np"
option to runParallel which must be specified before the application
name e.g.:

runParallel -np 4 pisoFoam

Corrected rho name specification.
Resolves bug-report http://openfoam.org/mantisbt/view.php?id=1956