The built-in explicit symplectic integrator has been replaced by a
general framework supporting run-time selectable integrators.  Currently
the explicit symplectic, implicit Crank-Nicolson and implicit Newmark
methods are provided, all of which are 2nd-order in time:

Symplectic 2nd-order explicit time-integrator for 6DoF solid-body motion:

    Reference:
        Dullweber, A., Leimkuhler, B., & McLachlan, R. (1997).
        Symplectic splitting methods for rigid body molecular dynamics.
        The Journal of chemical physics, 107(15), 5840-5851.

    Can only be used for explicit integration of the motion of the body,
    i.e. may only be called once per time-step, no outer-correctors may be
    applied.  For implicit integration with outer-correctors choose either
    CrankNicolson or Newmark schemes.

    Example specification in dynamicMeshDict:
    solver
    {
        type    symplectic;
    }

Newmark 2nd-order time-integrator for 6DoF solid-body motion:

    Reference:
        Newmark, N. M. (1959).
        A method of computation for structural dynamics.
        Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 85(3), 67-94.

    Example specification in dynamicMeshDict:
    solver
    {
        type    Newmark;
        gamma   0.5;    // Velocity integration coefficient
        beta    0.25;   // Position integration coefficient
    }

Crank-Nicolson 2nd-order time-integrator for 6DoF solid-body motion:

    The off-centering coefficients for acceleration (velocity integration) and
    velocity (position/orientation integration) may be specified but default
    values of 0.5 for each are used if they are not specified.  With the default
    off-centering this scheme is equivalent to the Newmark scheme with default
    coefficients.

    Example specification in dynamicMeshDict:
    solver
    {
        type    CrankNicolson;
        aoc     0.5;    // Acceleration off-centering coefficient
        voc     0.5;    // Velocity off-centering coefficient
    }

Both the Newmark and Crank-Nicolson are proving more robust and reliable
than the symplectic method for solving complex coupled problems and the
tutorial cases have been updated to utilize this.

In this new framework it would be straight forward to add other methods
should the need arise.

Henry G. Weller
CFD Direct

so that the specification of the name and dimensions are optional in property dictionaries.

Update tutorials so that the name of the dimensionedScalar property is
no longer duplicated but optional dimensions are still provided and are
checked on read.

For multi-region cases the default location of blockMeshDict is now system/<region name>

If the blockMeshDict is not found in system then the constant directory
is also checked providing backward-compatibility

Allows the specification of a reference height, for example the height
of the free-surface in a VoF simulation, which reduces the range of p_rgh.

hRef is a uniformDimensionedScalarField specified via the constant/hRef
file, equivalent to the way in which g is specified, so that it can be
looked-up from the database.  For example see the constant/hRef file in
the DTCHull LTSInterFoam and interDyMFoam cases.

The old separate incompressible and compressible libraries have been removed.

Most of the commonly used RANS and LES models have been upgraded to the
new framework but there are a few missing which will be added over the
next few days, in particular the realizable k-epsilon model.  Some of
the less common incompressible RANS models have been introduced into the
new library instantiated for incompressible flow only.  If they prove to
be generally useful they can be templated for compressible and
multiphase application.

The Spalart-Allmaras DDES and IDDES models have been thoroughly
debugged, removing serious errors concerning the use of S rather than
Omega.

The compressible instances of the models have been augmented by a simple
backward-compatible eddyDiffusivity model for thermal transport based on
alphat and alphaEff.  This will be replaced with a separate run-time
selectable thermal transport model framework in a few weeks.

For simplicity and ease of maintenance and further development the
turbulent transport and wall modeling is based on nut/nuEff rather than
mut/muEff for compressible models so that all forms of turbulence models
can use the same wall-functions and other BCs.

All turbulence model selection made in the constant/turbulenceProperties
dictionary with RAS and LES as sub-dictionaries rather than in separate
files which added huge complexity for multiphase.

All tutorials have been updated so study the changes and update your own
cases by comparison with similar cases provided.

Sorry for the inconvenience in the break in backward-compatibility but
this update to the turbulence modeling is an essential step in the
future of OpenFOAM to allow more models to be added and maintained for a
wider range of cases and physics.  Over the next weeks and months more
turbulence models will be added of single and multiphase flow, more
additional sub-models and further development and testing of existing
models.  I hope this brings benefits to all OpenFOAM users.

Henry G. Weller